...Diana Frias LACS 271 Professor Almendros March 23,2014 The chagas disease The spread of the chagas disease is most common in places of greater poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean. The chagas disease is a parasitic disease named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas who discovered it in 1909. It is spread to animals and people through a bite of an infected insect named triatomine bugs or “kissing bugs” that carry the parasite known as Trypanosoma cruzi (Boston College). The triatomine insect feeds on the blood a mammal infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, ingesting the parasite. The insect then becomes infected and now moves on to bite a human transferring the parasite. As the insect bites, it releases its feces near the site of the bite wound allowing the parasite to enter the victim. The parasite then invades the first cells it comes in contact with. They use the victim cells to multiply then releasing itself into the victim bloodstream where they will then continue to multiple and spread into different areas in the body. There are many other ways in which the disease can be spread. For example, infections occur from mother to baby, through contaminated blood transfusions, organ transplant from an infected donor and rarely though contaminated food or drinks (FAQs). Symptoms do not show immediately after being bitten by the triatomine bug. It takes from five days to two weeks for slight symptoms to show. Some symptoms are mild fever with body ache and swelling...
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...Child Protection Services (CPS) and How Juveniles Are Affected Jessie Hurt SOC-331 Social Justice & Ethics Instructor Jen Brockel January 14th, 2013 CPS - Hurt Page 2 “Nearly five children die every day in America from abuse and neglect, and in 2010, an estimated 1,560 children died from abuse and neglect in the United States.” (Alliance, 2012) Children who are being abused and taken from their families, put into foster care systems and/or even adopted out to other families, these children are far more likely to turn to the streets and drugs as a result of their circumstances. Although Child Protection Services (CPS) has changed from the early 1800’s one problem still remains in effect and that is trying to prevent juvenile delinquency through this service, because numerous mistreated children make the jump from innocence to delinquency and find themselves in the juvenile justice system, other systems of care, or in extreme cases they find themselves in adult criminal court. “As child abuse and/ or neglect increases the risk of arrest as a juvenile by 55% and the risk of committing a violent crime by 96%.” (Bilchik & Nash, Fall 2008) Child Protection Services (CPS) history in America is divided into 3 eras. The first era was from colonial times until 1875 and was known as being the “era before organized protection” (Myers, 2008) and the second era from 1875 to 1962 was witness to the foundation and expansion...
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...An estimated 905,000 children were victims of child abuse or neglect in 2006 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). While physical injuries may or may not be immediately visible, abuse and neglect can have consequences for children, families, and society that last lifetimes, if not generations. The impact of child abuse and neglect is often discussed in terms of physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences. In reality, however, it is impossible to separate them completely. Physical consequences, such as damage to a child's growing brain, can have psychological implications such as cognitive delays or emotional difficulties. Psychological problems often manifest as high-risk behaviors. Depression and anxiety, for example, may make a person more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol or illicit drugs, or overeat. High-risk behaviors, in turn, can lead to long-term physical health problems such as sexually transmitted diseases, cancer, and obesity. This factsheet provides an overview of some of the most common physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences of child abuse and neglect, while acknowledging that much crossover among categories exists. Factors Affecting the Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect Physical Health Consequences Psychological Consequences Behavioral Consequences Societal Consequences Summary References The Federal Government has made a considerable investment in research regarding the causes and long-term...
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...Guinea included the regular practice of infanticidal and incestuous activities. These activities included intercourse with caregivers and other sexual activities. These practices were also performed in India and other western countries. In India, the mother is expected to regularly masturbate both her male and female children. For the girls this is done to make them sleep and for the boys this is done to make them manly. Indian female children were often lent to male members of the family for sexual intercourse. It was rare for a female to reach puberty as a virgin. Indian families push for early marriage to help protect their daughters from being raped by outsiders. China also had similar practices to those in India, rape being very common (DeMause, 1998). Recent studies in America alone show that 30 percent of men and 40 percent of women remember having been sexually assaulted as a child. Of these assaults, 80 percent were done by a caretaker. These statistics were reported based on interviews, explanations, and reliability checks confirming the information given. The Institut fur Kindheit recently concluded that 80 percent of West Berlin school children reported having been sexually abused. Both sexual and physical abuse stemmed from a perspective that the child is expected to love the parent and serve a purpose. The parent was not expected to love the child. A child’s purpose was to be the recipient of...
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...1. Situation: In America, there are numerous cultures with different beliefs and standard on how a child should be raised. 11. The problem: (1) Children are being abuse and neglected every day in the United States because our government failure to legislate a young people bill of rights. (2) According to the statistics, a child is being abuse or neglected every 10 seconds in the United States. (Understanding child abuse and neglect, eighth edition book) (3) Many people are unaware that certain parental behavior can be abusive or neglectful, including misusing alcohol or leaving children unsupervised. (The New York Times, February 8, 1989) (3) Some cultures in the United States still see children as a property and one who look to their father for their very existence.(3) (4) Children are getting beating for bad behavior and sometimes even for bringing home bad grades from school. (5) They are sometimes force to assume the role of a parent by taking care of younger siblings, when they should be learning how to be a child. (6) Children are sometimes exploited by the media, and are victims of child pornography that is a multi-Billion dollar industry. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornography_in_the_United_States) (7) Here is a list of proposal: 111. Solution: (1) Children are seen as potential adults, so creating a young people bill of rights would help to protect children from parents who see them as property, objects or even just another caretaker in the family...
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...University Abstract The problem of obesity in America has risen to epidemic levels. Congress in 2002 charged the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to find ways to prevent this epidemic. The IOM appointed nineteen experts to handle this issue, experts in health, obesity, nutrition, physical activity, and public health. It has been determined that it is not just up to Congress but also the individual. ("Preventing Childhood Obesity:" 2005). This paper will take a look at how the affluence of America plays a part in this epidemic. (I.O.M 2004). America's Affluence and Obesity America’s Affluence and Obesity Since the beginning of America, folks have lived off the land. Vegetables, fruits were grown on lands free from pesticides and fertilizers. Animals used for food were allowed to eat what the land offered. People grew vegetable gardens, and traded with each other. They made their own preserves, from fresh fruits and vegetables. Fresh foods were in great abundance and there was very little waste. Then there came an educated generation that had no use or respect for the land. New Generation This new educated generation, felt they were much too educated to work the land, they went after the dollar, it became all about making money. Money to buy bigger houses, bigger cars, lusting the glamour, and glitter of Hollywood. The world became aware of what America was experiencing and wanted to be a part of it. America being the hospitable country it is opened its doors to...
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...Education is a gift that many receive and many are neglected to. For some reading and learning is an irritating chore to others it's their biggest desire and passion. Education is important to success, this ideology was implanted in me at a very young age. Ever since I can remember my parents would force this onto to me,by punishing me for my bad grades and applauding my small successes. Due to my parents lack of education,they pushed on a path to be educated and successful. My parents where one of the many unfortunate people who were neglected to education. Growing up in El Salvador a country where kids leave school to work was normal. My parents only got fifth grade education before immigrating into America. Just like most they...
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...Juvenile Delinquency Every day child abuse and neglect takes it's toll on innocent young lives. Nearly five children die everyday in America from their abuse. ("National children," 2011) Not only does child abuse leave it's victims with physical and emotional scars, but it also cripples their chances of leading normal happy lives. Many of these children tend to lean towards unhealthy social behavior as a way to cope with their abuse, which in turn may make them a juvenile delinquent. Child abuse is not a recent development. It has existed for thousands of years. However parents and society from thousands of years ago saw no problem with the way their children and other people's children were being disciplined. In fact children in that time had little to no rights and were mostly considered a nuisance and unimportant. Luckily for children today that opinion has changed. Unfortunately there are still thousands of children out there who are considered a nuisance and unimportant to their parent or guardian. Although physical abuse is the most critical, there are other types that can be just as damaging and leave their own set of scars. Other forms of abuse include emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. It's hard to say whether one form is more damaging than another. All forms of abuse can cause a child to have difficulties later on in life. Some of these difficulties may include damage to a child's sense of self, their ability to maintain healthy relationships, and their...
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...not allowed to vote only men could. It all began in 1848, at the first woman’s rights convention in New York, and didn’t end until 1920 when the 19th amendment, which gave women the right to vote, was finally ratified and became a law on August 26, 1920. Many brave woman and organizations fought for the right to be considered equal to men. Organizations such as NWSA, founded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and AWSA, founded by Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell. These people, as well as many others, took a stand so that woman could have the rights that they do today, the right to vote. Woman’s suffrage was one of the most influential things in history because it allowed men and woman to be treated as equals, and without it, America would not be where it is today. During World War One women stepped up their role and took on the men’s jobs while they were fighting, without them, the country would not have survived. Woman who campaigned for the vote stopped their radical actions to aid Britain in a time of need. Women assisted by going to special training camps to become doctors, they helped in food production, factories, and even worked in the fields planting and harvesting doing all the things men would have been responsible for before the war. Women put their feelings aside, stepped up, and did men’s jobs making sure the country survives the hard time. I also think that proves there that women are more then capable of choosing and voting for who runs their country...
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...Diagnosing and reporting child abuse EHC1103 - Medical Ethics 06/02/2013 Introduction When people make a decision to have children, the universal plan is for the parents to love and cherish them. However, unluckily this is not always the result. There are adults in this world who abuse children whether they are infants or teenagers. The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), maintained by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provide information that younger children are more prevalent to child abuse than older children is and that the abusers are the parents or relatives. I am interested in the topic child abuse because I am a mother of two and the Media reveal so much of child abuse and neglect that people are unaware of how children are to be protected and not neglected. Children are a precursor to adulthood and if we as adults do not protect their innocents then who will? Once a child has been a victim of abuse, they are capable of occurring Social anxiety disorder (SAD). Although often not diagnosed until many years after the symptom onset, SAD onsets early in life, typically by early adolescence, and thus commonly characterized by chronic associated distress and dysfunction (Depression and Anxiety26:1027-1032(2009),Childhood maltreatment linked to greater symptom severity...
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...Diagnosing and reporting child abuse EHC1103 - Medical Ethics 06/02/2013 Introduction When people make a decision to have children, the universal plan is for the parents to love and cherish them. However, unluckily this is not always the result. There are adults in this world who abuse children whether they are infants or teenagers. The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), maintained by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provide information that younger children are more prevalent to child abuse than older children is and that the abusers are the parents or relatives. I am interested in the topic child abuse because I am a mother of two and the Media reveal so much of child abuse and neglect that people are unaware of how children are to be protected and not neglected. Children are a precursor to adulthood and if we as adults do not protect their innocents then who will? Once a child has been a victim of abuse, they are capable of occurring Social anxiety disorder (SAD). Although often not diagnosed until many years after the symptom onset, SAD onsets early in life, typically by early adolescence, and thus commonly characterized by chronic associated distress and dysfunction (Depression and Anxiety26:1027-1032(2009),Childhood maltreatment linked to greater symptom severity...
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...should not be held any more accountable for the crimes of their children than children should be held responsible for the crimes of their parents. It does not make any sense to discipline one for the misconducts of the other. Nurturing is not a strict skill. Youngsters are not made of robots. Therefore, there is no particular method or outline for raising one’s children, who will promise that the child will develop up to be an accomplished resident that is a benefit to the public. For one artless purpose people who also include children have a free will. Children are less likely to participate in criminal crimes. If they have a productive parent at home taking care of him or her. What children need at home is love, affection, comfort, and positive reenactment. Parents can do any and everything correctly but if the child is rebellion it is nothing the parents can do. Parents can seek outside help to help for their rebellious child. Most children act out because of the way they were raise up, or the people they associate with. Most children who associate him or her with rebellious children tend to act out as his or her surroundings do. Children not held accountable for their actions will never learn the consequences for their actions and as long as they go around blaming someone else he or she will not stop those actions, either. If children are not accountable for what they do, they will continue to do so. Children only do what parents let them get away with. No matter how small...
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...victimization and other problem behaviors, such as teenage pregnancy, alcohol and illicit drug use and abuse, and self-destructive behavior. Current knowledge about these outcomes is sparse and only suggestive. Further research is desperately needed to document whether abused and/or neglected children are at increased risk for these adolescent problem behaviors, in comparison to control children and adolescents, and to indicate the extent or magnitude of these relationships. Despite the paucity of research, one can still speculate on some of the potential mechanisms that may link childhood victimization and adolescent problem behaviors (Lamb and Ketterlinus 140). Childhood victimization appears to increase risk for the development of a range of problems in adolescence, including delinquency and violence, running away, sexual promiscuity and teenage pregnancy, and alcohol and drug use and abuse. However, although there are extensive clinical accounts and speculations about the prevalence of these problem behaviors among adolescents who were abused or neglected in childhood, there is scant systematic evidence concerning the extent of these associations, the increased risk relative to control children, and the underlying causal mechanisms....
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...html It is very common for children of ages 3-12 to start fires. Some kids do it out of fascination with fire, some do it out of curiosity, and some do it out of boredom. Although it is a natural part of kids growing up and development, it can be dangerous because some kids really don’t know how to react to fires especially ones started in small confined areas such as closets. Almost 3,400 Americans died in house fires this year. And if kids don’t learn how to deal with fires it could spread. Kids of pre-school ages up until about 7th grade are commonly known for playing and experimenting with fire. It is mainly because it is new and they are fascinated with the idea of fire. They have seen older people handle fire and they wanted to try it to. The older the children get the less the risk of the fire spreading is because they are older and know how to react more, but there is still a risk. Some kids do it as a cry for help from being neglected or abused and they want attention. Every year in America about 14,500 house fires are started by children playing with or experimenting with fire. Also, about 3,400 people out of those 14,500 house fires die every year. Even though the fire-staring is natural for young children, parents should calmly, but firmly chastise and tell children not to do it. Children might not respond after the first few times of being told, parents...
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...cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar-echinococcosis (AE) (CDC, 2012). According to the World Health Organization (2014) up to 1 million people globally are affected at any one time. As shown in Figure 1 below, it is easy to transmit the disease between species. However, although humans can be infected which according to the WHO (2015) means they are accidental intermediate hosts but they cannot transmit the disease. [pic] Figure 1: The cycle of echinococcosis (Source: www.cieh.org ) The importance of the disease The importance of the disease is that it has been present and well known for many years but has been rather neglected by the health organizations. However according to the WHO (2014; Higuita et al 2015) echinococcosis was recently introduced in the list of neglected tropical diseases and is one of the six priority neglected zoonotic diseases which are rabies, echinococcosis, leishmaniasis, cysticercosis, human African trypanosomiasis, and food-borne trematodiases. More control strategies are being implemented and so according to the WHO (2014) by 2020, validated control strategies should be available and control interventions increased. [pic] Diagram 1: Global location of AE echinococcosis (Source: Torgerson et al, 2010) The...
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