...referred to as “win-win” bargaining or distributive bargaining as well known as “win-lose” bargaining. Negotiator knows that there are too many situational and monetary variables for a single strategy to work in this case and often times the negotiator needs to utilize both approaches to effectively conduct negotiations. In this paper I will provide and explain an appropriate approach what situation the negotiator would utilize the technique. Defining Integrative and Distributive Bargaining There are two common approaches to any negotiation situation: distributive and integrative. Each is useful in specific contexts, and the same negotiator may utilize either or both strategies depending upon their desired goal. The largest difference between the two styles is the circumstance in which they are used. Often when we negotiation a one-time situation or purchase we will utilize a distributive bargaining approach and try to gain the best price or outcome where “we” are the winner and those we are negotiating with are the “losers” In these situations we rarely interact with the opposing party on a regular or future basis and are seeking the best possible outcome for this specific negotiation without interest in building a long-term relationship. In contrast, an integrative bargaining situation occurs when it is possible to produce a greater outcome together than either could reach on...
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...MGM 316-1404B-08 International Business Communications Professor Robert Dunoskovic This task was originally submitted during MGM316-1403B-03 with Asefaw Indrias 1. One should understand the culture of each to make both parties feel more comfortable when negotiations take place. Understanding the culture will give one the edge to better negotiation and also give you the insight as to what is acceptable and what is not. Although minor mistakes are permissible misunderstandings may lead to dismissal of negotiations. One should be aware of the attire that needs to be worn for each country. For example, suits that are of the dark nature are acceptable in Japan whereas in China a more subtle look for casual look is appropriate. The discussion of profits is not a common practice of these countries. As a matter of fact they don’t discuss their company’s profits at all in negotiations. One should understand that these countries rely heavily on respect and making people feel comfortable and showing appreciation. One must understand what each action of the business people in these countries mean and how to handle each one or what to do in each case. One must understand the way each country communicates and what is an acceptable form of communication and what is not an acceptable practice, when to use non-verbal communication and when not to. 2. The Asian countries view contracts as just an agreement between two companies. In Japan, the contracts are very detailed but in...
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...365 – Managerial Negotiations Professor Richardson Exam Review Exam Layout * Covers Chapters 1 – 10 * 34 multiple choice (worth 2.5 points each = 85 points) * 2 short answer/essays (worth 10 and 5 points each = 15 points) Overview: The exam will cover material from the chapters and class lectures. Use your notes and the class slides as a guide. To further direct your studies, here are some key terms and concepts from each chapter on which to focus. Chapter 1 What are the characteristics of negations? Why do negotiations occur? What are the different types of negotiations? What are the dilemmas associated with negotiating? What is mutual adjustment? What is the dual concerns model with regard to concern for outcomes? Chapter 2 How would you describe distributive bargaining? What is BATNA? What are some examples of hardball tactics? Chapter 3 How would you describe integrative negotiation? What are interests? How do you facilitate integrative negotiation? Chapter 4 What is the difference between strategy and tactics? What is the dual concerns model with regard to substantive vs. relationship outcomes? What does planning involve? Negotiating Style and Individual Differences (Readings 4.1 and 4.2) What are some differences between male and female negotiators? Chapter 5 What are some common perceptual distortions that that may affect negotiations? What are some common perceptual biases that may affect negotiations? How do emotions...
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...28 May 2012 COLLECTIVE BARGAINGING NEGOTIAIONS CASE STUDY #2 BASIC TECHNIQUES KELLY P. MEAUX, JR. COLUMBIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR RICHARD BELL BSL 4160-09A, NEGOTIATION/CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONSULTING ON NEGOTIATION: TEACHING BUSINESS STUDENTS The problem specified in the article is that the author has found that many college students lack the skill in how to negotiate their salary when asked during a job interview or after being hired. If they do know how to negotiate the author often finds that they did not do a very good job with the getting a salary they deserved. The author's recommended solution is listed below: No other factor has had such a direct impact on the success of my consulting business than that of providing resources on salary negotiation. For this reason, I added an activity to my professional business communication class that deals with salary negotiation. What began as a 20-minute discussion in one class is now permanently integrated into the interview exercise and takes three 75-minute class periods. The following is a SWOT Analysis for this case is as follows: After looking at the SWOT Analysis for this article, I find that the author while providing a realistic perspective to her class since was in the "real" world and gives back to her students valuable information need to negotiate a salary they perceive they are worth. I still think that the exercise is somewhat objective in the particular fact the situation...
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...Background With my wife, we decided in October to buy a (used) 2nd car for the family. She actually already owns a small 7 years old city-car, with an overall quite good condition both in terms of mechanic and automotive, but since she takes our children to school every day through some country roads, we just wanted to be reasonably confident that nothing could happen about the car engine. 1. Preparation of the negotiation We (my wife and I) started to prepare the negotiation from one main assumption: knowledge is truly power. Since normally in the car buying system the car salesman has the most information, we decided first of all to gather all the information we could in terms of price, facilities, characteristics etc. about the car she would have loved to buy. We took all these info’s going to one official dealer in town, plus other non-official mono-brand dealers selling the same car. Only after having all the above information, we would have gone to one specific dealer that we knew had the (used) car we wanted. Before starting any negotiation, we tried to figure out what could be the dealer’s target or, better, we prepared three MESO’s based upon some considerations and insights about how the dealers make money, that is: 1. They can make money selling the (used) car for more than what they paid to buy it. 2. They can (also) make money on the back end, selling “additional services ” like financing, extended warranties, and dealer add-ons like rustproofing etc...
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...Negotiation Closing Deals, Settling Disputes, and Making Team Decisions David S. Hames University of Nevada, Las Vegas @>SAGE Los Angeles | London | New Delhi Singapore | Washington DC • •-*» •• • i ' w ' t * • * 5s" i- . •> - • • y . » " •• is • Acknowledgments Preface PART I: THE FUNDAMENTALS 1 The Nature of Negotiation: What It Is and Why It Matters Intended Benefits of This Chapter The Essence of Negotiation What Is Negotiation? 5 6 6 When Do People Negotiate? Technology 6 4 3 xvii xix 1 3 Why Has Negotiation Become a More Important Skill? The Workplace 7 8 9 10 11 How People Negotiate: The Dual Concerns Model The Pros and Cons of Negotiating The Shadow Negotiation 10 What Does a Negotiation Look Like? Conclusion and Implications for Practice READING 1.1 - ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION: DO YOU KNOW WHERE YOUR CHILDREN ARE?, 8Y DAVID A . LARSON 1 3 19 READING 1.2 - BALANCING ACT: HOW TO MANAGE NEGOTIATION TENSIONS, BY SUSAN HACKLEY Preparation: Building the Foundation for Negotiating Intended Benefits of This Chapter The Essence of Preparation 23 23 23 The Preparation Process, or How to Make I t All Happen Strategic Planning: Establishing the Framework Defining the Situation Setting Goals 29 30 25 25 25 Determining Your Strategy Strategy Implementation: Operationalizing the Plan 30 The Component Parts of the Situation 30 Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA) Reservation Prices or...
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...CHAPTER 1 The Nature of Negotiation Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. Understand the definition of negotiation, the key elements of a negotiation process, and the distinct types of negotiation. Explore how people use negotiation to manage different situations of interdependence—that is, that they depend on each other for achieving their goals. Consider how negotiation fits within the broader perspective of processes for managing conflict. Gain an overview of the organization of this book and the content of its chapters. Chapter Outline A Few Words about Our Style and Approach Joe and Sue Carter Characteristics of a Negotiation Situation Interdependence Types of Interdependence Affect Outcomes Alternatives Shape Interdependence Mutual Adjustment Mutual Adjustment and Concession Making Two Dilemmas in Mutual Adjustment Value Claiming and Value Creation Conflict Definitions Levels of Conflict Functions and Dysfunctions of Conflict Factors That Make Conflict Easy or Difficult to Manage Effective Conflict Management Overview of the Chapters in This Book Chapter Summary “That’s it! I’ve had it! This car is dead!” screamed Chang Yang, pounding on the steering wheel and kicking the door shut on his 10-year-old Toysun sedan. The car had refused to start again, and Chang was going to be late for class (again)! Chang wasn’t doing well in that management class, and he couldn’t afford to miss any more classes. Recognizing 1 2 Chapter 1 The Nature of Negotiation that it was finally...
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...CONFLICT T he success or failure of any organization is dependent upon the use of its indigenous, collective energies. When procedures are clear, the "esprit de corps" is high, and the business is said to be productive. But whenever people come together in one setting over a period of time, you can always expect conflict to find itself in the midst. The Webster’s dictionary defines conflict as a sharp disagreement or opposition of interests or ideas but from a more objective perspective, conflict is “a state in which one party perceive that another party has, or is about to negatively impact something that is important to the first party” (Robbins, 2006). The key word to note in this definition is “perceives”. Perceive is a concept that occurs within the mind. It is one’s interpretation of a situation or thing and does not necessarily have to be true. That might explain why on many occasions, a conflict that arises; may be unnecessary or misguided and result in wasted time. Causes of Conflict A s you may discern, the causes of conflict are numerous and each has their own accompanying challenges. Within the organization however, C. Brooklyn Derr in his book Major Causes of Organizational Conflict: Diagnosis for Action, stated that there are six (6) main causes of conflict: 1) The interpersonal disagreements that arise when one person is experiencing individual stress. People bring their whole selves to the workplace and they may...
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...Counseling Negotiations Skills of NegotiationsNegotiation TTechniques for Default Borrower Counseling Skills of Negotiation Techniques for Defaults ( Wells Fargo Home Mortgage 4680 Hallmark Parkway San Bernardino, CA 92407 Table of Contents Day 1 INTRODUCTION CLASS EXPECTATIONS LOGISTICS LINK TO VISION, CORE CAPABILITIES COURSE OBJECTIVES BUILDING BLOCKS OF NEGOTIATIONS FRAMEWORK FOR NEGOTIATIONS CONTEXT AND NEGOTIATION UNIQUE NATURE OF A BCS CALL AS A NEGOTIATION ROLE OF COUNSELORS IN THE NEGOTIATION THE “US AND THEM” IN NEGOTIATED RELATIONSHIPS THE PARALLEL INTEREST MODEL FOUR STAGES OF EFFECTIVE NEGOTIATIONS STAGE ONE: COURTSHIP/ORIENTATION STAGE TWO: RESISTANCE STEPS THREE AND FOUR: COMMITMENT AND AGREEMENT STRATEGIES FOR OVERCOMING BARRIERS UNDERSTANDING RESISTANCE YOUR REACTION THEIR EMOTION THEIR POSITION THEIR DISSATISFACTION THEIR POWER CONCLUSION PERSONAL ACTION PLAN EVALUATION Introduction 5 CLASS EXPECTATIONS 5 LOGISTICS 5 LINK TO VISION, CORE CAPABILITIES 6 COURSE OBJECTIVES 8 BUILDING BLOCKS OF NEGOTIATIONS 9 INTRODUCTION 9 FRAMEWORK FOR NEGOTIATIONS 9 CONTEXT AND NEGOTIATION 13 UNIQUE NATURE OF A BCS CALL AS A NEGOTIATION 14 ROLE OF COUNSELORS IN THE NEGOTIATION 15 THE...
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...Running head: COMMUNICATION AND PERSONALITY IN NEGOTIATION Communication and Personality in Negotiation Negotiation is the bargaining procedure that occurs between two or more parties seeking to determine a common ground and reach concurrence in settling a matter of mutual concern (Business Dictionary, 2009). This paper will explain a negotiation situation in which I portrayed a customer wanting to purchase a vehicle. The representation will provide a female consumer’s perspective in such negotiation proceedings. In addition, included will be an analysis of the roles of communication and personality in this type of negotiation as well as how each detracted from the negotiation process. A few years back, I was in an automobile accident in which a big-rig truck destroyed the side of my car. As a result, I was in the position of needing a new vehicle. I had good credit plus sufficient funds received for the subsequent accident. I researched the type of vehicle I wanted to purchase and concluded on the amount that I was willing to pay. I decided to procure a new or slightly used Lexus ES 300. All that was left to do was to search out the perfect ES 300 that fulfilled my established criteria, which included a reasonable price, low mileage, substantial warranty and standard features with extras like rims and a sunroof. I prepared in advance my negotiation techniques exercising appropriate communication skills to assist in completing the deal. The strategies included...
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...has brought many cultural difference issues to the forefront of today’s business strategies. Culture in international negotiations has frequently been compared to an iceberg, although there is an appearance of an obstacle above the surface, the depth of understanding required to conduct successful international negotiations goes far beyond what is immediately transparent. Since culture has a substantial influence on how people deliberate, converse and act, it has significant effect on many aspects of business negotiations, and therefore must be considered when conducting business internationally. All too often companies try to operate using the same business structure and strategies in multiple different countries and are unsuccessful or have extreme difficulty due to the differences in culture. This paper will discuss several cultural differences which consistently cause difficulties in international negotiations specifically during the conduct of business between America and China. These differences are broken up into several different categories including: purpose of negotiation, cultural compatibility, governmental compatibility, communication barriers, risk aversion, formalities and negotiating speed, emotional response, and successful negotiating tactics. Purpose Understanding why both business parties are negotiating as well as cultural negotiation processes are important in obtaining a favorable outcome during international business transactions. While Americans...
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...1.0 introduction The Thomas Kilmann Model is simple tool that provides practice scenario of particular methodologies to managing conflict viably. The exploration upheld TKI offers a commonsense approach to launch safe and nonemotional discourse to resolve conflict. That is the reason its perfect for utilization in such a variety of diverse situations. It can additionally enhance organizational profit by helping individuals pick up knowledge into their own particular and others' conduct which thus helps them settle on better decisions about conclusions. The TKI is directed in simple to-utilize online and self-scorable configurations. Conflict is an inescapable part of human relationships. Where responsibility to mission and extended periods with negligible assets converge, not-for-profit work environments might be overflowing with conflict trades. Conflict can go out from administering varying viewpoints and clearly inconsistent concerns. Assuming that we can acknowledge it as a regular part of our zealous scene, it might be simpler to work with than in the event that we need (or wish!) conflict to never resurface. 2.0 Introduction of Thomas Kilmann Models. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument is intended to evaluate an individual conduct and behavior in certain scenarios. "Conflict Situations" are the scenarios in which the concerns of two individuals seem, by all accounts, to be incongruent. Conflict is a social culture...
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...com/BUS-405-WK-5-Quiz-4-Chapter-6-All-Possible-Questions-BUS4054.htm BUS 405 WK 5 Quiz 4 Chapter 6 - All Possible Questions TRUE/FALSE 1. Centralized (multi-employer) bargaining is frequently not found in the construction, coal, and trucking industries. 2. A party's resistance point on a bargaining issue represents that point beyond which that party would prefer no settlement to settlement on unacceptable terms. 3. In labor negotiations, it is possible for both union and management negotiators to perceive they have been successful after completing contract negotiations. 4. Management would probably prefer centralized bargaining if it had three separate manufacturing facilities (bargaining units), each making the same product. 5. The proportion of an employer's total operating costs comprised of labor costs is termed the degree of labor intensiveness. 6. Bargaining power is more likely to be an important determinant of negotiated outcomes when the parties use a distributive bargaining approach or strategy. 7. Auto industry contract negotiations in 2007 represent an example of pattern bargaining. 8. Generally, high unemployment reduces the union's cost of disagreeing with management. 9. Smaller-sized (less than 10 individuals) bargaining teams are generally preferable to larger bargaining teams to enhance bargaining effectiveness. 10. "Voluntary" (also called permissive or non-mandatory) issues must be bargained over but agreement does not have to be reached...
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...Cell Phone Negotiations Shannon Moe MGT557/Negotiation, Power, and Politics March 21, 2016 Augusta Inniss Cell Phone Negotiations Cell phones have become a necessity in the lives of people of all ages around the globe. Because of this, the mobile phone industry is a billion dollar industry. As in any business, cell phone distributors look for the lowest possible purchase price from manufacturers to make the highest profit. This strategy is standard for companies in a global economy and negotiations must occur to get the lowest possible price. The difficulty is in negotiating with suppliers around the globe with different cultural backgrounds. Consideration of such things as gender, personalities, culture and perception are a must for each negotiation. Not doing so could result in loss of profitability and growth. Typically most distributors look overseas for manufacturers because of the cheaper labor rates abroad. This paper will evaluate negotiation styles of Chinese and American teams' negotiation for the lowest possible cell phone manufacturing price using Hofstede's cultural dimensions theories. Hofstede's theories use four dimensions to describe differences in cultures and negotiation styles including individualism-collectivism, power distance, career success vs. quality of life and uncertainty avoidance. The cultural differences of each team are described and then a scenario of how the negotiation would go is developed (Lewicki, Barry, & Saunders...
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...Face-Negotiation Theory (Conflict) Dr. Stella Ting-Toomey developed the Face Negotiation Theory as a way of describing how people from different cultural backgrounds handle conflict with each other. She bases her theory on two basic concepts: Face (how we want people to see us/our public self image), and Facework (ways of handling conflict). She has identified 7 core assumptions and 5 empirical propositions that when used in tandem illustrate the Face Negotiation Theory as of 2010. A copy of the assumptions and propositions has been attached at the end of this document. Regarding the first concept—Face (also described as self-face concern), to people from the east and some middle-east countries (China, Japan, Egypt, Iran) the concept of face is multi-faceted with its origins going back to the time of Confucius. For them, face involves the feelings of respect, honor, status and connection. The concept of Face is a very serious issue. Infact, under some conditions, it can be a life or death issue. One can save face, give face and have face taken away from them. For people mainly from the west such as the US, face is not a complicated thing--it usually just means the saving of face—we know we have it, and we don’t want to lose it (i.e. embarrassment in front of others). As you can see, there are huge differences in how each culture views the concept of face. This is a prime example of something that can and will cause serious intercultural conflict. To help...
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