...CASE 2: Developing an Organizational Structure Prepared By: GROUP 10 (Management 1) Course: Business Administration Major in Marketing Management Executive Summary The case study being conducted is primarily to give emphasis on decentralized form of authority among departments of an organization. It discuss about effective use of an organization. It discuss about effective use of an organizational chart to see true segregated authority of members of an organizational distinguishing difference authority given to each member of the organization is within the premise of organizational chart. A question has been drawn, “How is Departmentalization differ from Organizational Structure?” It simply defined the two parties. Departmentalization is the process of grouping similar activities into the same department. It can be based on functions of the company, product, customer, process and geographical departmentalization. Organizational Structure, on the other hand, refers to the division of total activities of an organization into related groups to be performed by the prescribed authority. It shows the hierarchy of activities in an organization according to work and the reporting relationships. To support the whole case study, a literary review had been conducted. Three related cases in the main case had stated. Cisco’s implementing of organizational structure was pinpointed as a good guide in understanding the main case. Its lifestyle methodology had been...
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...Network Structure and Inter-organizational Knowledge Sharing Capability ABSTRACT This paper examines how the structure of a supply network can affect the inter-organizational knowledge sharing capability, which is expressed by absorptive capacity and shared identity. The supply network structure is analyzed by two dimensions – formality and centrality. Propositions about the relationships between network structure and knowledge sharing capability are suggested at the end. Subject Areas: Supply chain management, Inter-organizational knowledge sharing, Absorptive capacity, Shared identity, Network structure. 1 1. INTRODUCTION Historically, individual organizations have tried to improve their own performance in an effort to gain competitive advantage. Today, the success of an individual organization depends largely on the performance of its suppliers and customers [1]. Consequently, supply chain or supply network management is one of the critical success factors in today’s marketplace [2]. As organizations increasingly connect with and rely on partners and suppliers in their supply networks, interdependencies among these organizations naturally increase. This increase, in turn, makes today’s supply networks more complex [3], and members of such complex supply networks face many sources of uncertainties – internal as well as external1. Fisher [4] argues that the strategy of the supply network – lean vs. responsive – should be aligned with the product types – functional vs...
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...design are structure, strategy, and processes. Each individual organization needs to determine its own design based on its needs and mission. Every plan has its own advantages and disadvantages which are weighed carefully in making the corporate design decision. Importance of Organizational Design Choices In order for an organization to remain effective throughout changes and growth it must continuously evaluate the organizations design. “Organizational design involves difficult choices about how to control—that is, coordinate organizational tasks and motivate the people who perform them—to maximize an organization’s ability to create value” (Jones,2004, p. 4). Organizational design involves the process of aligning the organizational structure with its mission. Organizational design looks at the complex relationships between workflow, tasks, authority, and responsibility. Organizational design makes sure they all support the organizations objectives. Companies with good organizational design tend to have effective communication, increased productivity, and substantial innovation. Companies with poor organizational design tend to have performance and productivity issues. An organizations design depends a great deal on its organizational structure. Organizational Structures There are several types of organizational structure. According to (2011), organizational structure can be defined as “The framework within which an organization arranges...
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...summary 3. Theory of organizational structure 4. Types of organizational structure 5. The nature of the organizational structure 6. Case study 7. Task 1 8. Task 2 9. Task 3 10. Conclusion 11. Recommendation 12. Reference Introduction Any operating organization should have its own structure in order to operate efficiently. For an organization, the organizational structure is a hierarchy of people and its functions. The organizational structure of an organization tells us the character of an organization and the values it believes in. therefore, when we do business with an organization or getting into a new job in an organization, it is always a great idea to get to know and understand their organizational structure. Executive summary In this assignment, I describe about the theory of the organization, the types of the organization, and the nature of the organization. As task 1, 2 and 3 I have explain about Paul Rogers’ card design business. Theory of organizational structure The theory of organizational structure is a product of the industrial revolution to help businesses appropriate their workforce. Classical school Henry Fayol is acknowledged as the founder of the Classical Organization theory and is one of the pioneers of management thought. He divided the business activities into six areas- technical, commercial, financial, accounting, managerial functions and protecting the assets of the organization. Fayol also introduced the principles...
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...A Framework for Linking the Structure of Information Systems with Organizational Requirements for Information Sharing Author(s): Sunro Lee and Richard P. Leifer Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Spring, 1992), pp. 27-44 Published by: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40397996 . Accessed: 18/03/2013 20:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . M.E. Sharpe, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Management Information Systems. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Mon, 18 Mar 2013 20:56:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions A Framework Linking Structure for the of with Information Systems Organizational for Requirements Information Sharing LEE P. SUNRO ANDRICHARD LEDFER in candidate Management Information at Sunro Lee is a doctoral Systems Rensselaer His research interests include Institute. current issuesin methodological Polytechnic andtesting, decision information...
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...Organizational Structure Analysis After discussing with Team A, we were impressed by John Whybrow’s video and his experience from switching from a functional organization to a line of business. The changes that his company was faced with were very exciting, better communication, better results, and impressive behaviors. The first functional organization that was discussed in the video was the line of business organization. This was the top to bottom structure that had all employees, divisions, and leadership in the same communication ladder. The second was functional organization. In this type, the business is split up by certain aspects of a given task. It could be departmental, or just a product or idea that the team is working on. The biggest problem with this is that upper management would need to take more time to see what the bottom line was, or what the issue is with the business. All other business functions would be only looking at what is seen within the division. For the line of business function, there would be many different managers looking from the top down for financial analysis. There a four types of horizontal structure organizations. They are functional, divisional, matrix, and network. They each have their own unique way to structure a business, and each have pros and cons to them. This first type is the functional organization. An advantage of a functional organizational structure is that it offers a high level of specialization. Each unit operates...
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...There is a growing recognition that organized crime is increasingly operating through fluid network structures rather than more-formal hierarchies. The traditional paradigm for studying organized crime emphasized identifying the hierarchical or pyramidal structures of criminal organizations. Donald Cressey’s famous analysis was based on the example provided by La Cosa Nostra in the United States. It emphasized the existence of a “nationwide illicit cartel and confederation,” the governing role of a national commission, hierarchical structure, and the clear division of labor between local branches”. Cressey’s analysis, that organized crime was much more fluid than portrayed by the conventional wisdom, but also that stated that relations and network structures played a pivotal role. Networks are one of the most common forms of social organization. They are simultaneously pervasive and intangible, ubiquitous and invisible, everywhere and nowhere. Networks are not an exclusive organizational form and often exist within more traditional hierarchical structures, cutting through divisions based on specialization or rank. It is also possible to have networks in which hierarchical organizations are key participants. Networks are also an important complement to markets, making them more efficient, reducing transaction costs, and providing increased opportunities for both buyers and sellers. These characteristics their pervasiveness, their capacity to coexist both within and outside...
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...Theorizing inter-organizational inequality – Conceptual suggestions to overcome a blind spot Organizations form and are embedded in differently structured institutional fields (DiMaggio/Powell 1991, Scott 2008) which embody certain structures of relational positions (Powell et al 2005), i.e. structures of inequality sui generis. Organizational hierarchies, positions in organizational networks, or organizational status do have an impact on, say, the capacities of organizations to engage in institutional work successfully, their internal promotion system, or more generally their ability to affect their own chances as well as chances in the lives of individuals for good or worse. If it is true that individual outcomes depend on organizational structures and those structures are strongly influenced by the social context they are embedded in, that implies not only to treat certain individual outcomes as dependent on organizational factors but ultimately as a function of the relational and relative position organizations find themselves in. Social inequality must therefore be understood and analytically fashioned as a multilevel-phenomenon. Despite that, inter-organizational inequality has been neglected in the study of social inequality and stratification. Studies that reproduce this blind spot firstly may overlook to mechanisms and their underlying institutions that may seriously interfere with the predominant models of ascriptive, variable-centered analysis, secondly they lose...
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...Introduction In a competitive global environment, organizations are literally forced to compete for resources, market share, skilled labor, and new innovations. Organizations with functional and hierarchical structure may operate within a closed mechanistic structure with top-down management. Organizations striving to create relevance and competitive advantages may adopt more adaptive, flexible, interdependence and open management strategies. Organizational systems vary and can be simple or complicated; complex or chaotic; and linear or nonlinear. System dynamics in its broadest sense seeks to provide information and knowledge of how relationships influence the behavior of the system (parts and whole) over time. Designing, and managing systems in an ever-changing environment can present leaders with challenges as well as opportunities. Ackoff and Gharajedaghi (1996) defined a system as “a whole defined by one or more functions, which consists of two or more essential parts” (p.13). Systems Theory, Systems Analysis and Systems Thinking examines input, processes, outputs and outcomes, with ongoing feedback. Social systems (groups, supply and demand, friendship, etc.) range from very simple to very complex. Complex systems, are comprised of numerous subsystems are arranged in hierarchies, and integrated to accomplish the overall goal of the overall system. Internal dynamics and effectiveness The structure of an organization macro (focus on larger social structural challenges)...
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...Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Application A Social Network Analysis Platform for Organizational Risk Analysis - ORA Yin Qiuju, Chen Qingqing School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 c_yinqj@163.com Abstract—ORA(Organizational Risk Analyzer) is a dynamic network evaluation and analysis tools which developed by the center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational System(CASOS), Carnegie Mellon University. It can track the relevant index of the group, identify the style of location and contrast the relation among networks, groups and individuals from the perspective of dynamic network. ORA also can recognize the key members, groups and vulnerabilities of the network between different time points, basing on which, carry on the further analysis. Compare with other social network analysis platform, ORA can support multiple data input form, and can instantly show the dynamic change of the network. This paper introduces the structure and functions of ORA, moreover, uses it to analyze the structure of a terrorist network, in order to find out the weakness of the organization. problems and to take advantage of network strengths. According to different contexts and types of the data, need to detailed test and determined. ORA can be used to do a risk audit for the organization of its individual and organization risks. Such risks include, but are not limited to, tendency to groupthink, overlook...
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...health care industry to able to store patient’s files because the databases are used to store data over a long period of time. In addition it helps organizations have file access to patients file and being able to check the status or enter patients information and sure it with different organizations. When it comes to health care database systems there are four different structural types of database management systems and they are hierarchical databases, network databases, relational databases, and object-oriented databases. Hierarchical database is commonly used on the mainframe computers; this is also the oldest method being used by organizing and storing data, by organizations. This structure follows the pyramid fashion. This means that related fields are grouped together which includes higher-level records and lower-level records. When using this structure there are advantages and disadvantages that go along with this method. The advantages are files can be accessed and updated rapidly, this is because of the true structure and the relationship between the records is being defined in advance. The disadvantage is the type of database structure and being able to add new fields to the database because it requires the structure to be redefined. Network database is almost like the hierarchical structure but it takes on a more cobweb or interconnected...
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...based organization in the United States. Because the role which organizational context focus on generalizing principle such as neoinstitutional, and institutional isomorphism. Research have suggested that systems are generalized across religions and localities but arrive out of specific religious cultures and adapted to fit the United States system. Nonprofit literature on faith based organization has focused primarily on independent organization, seeing their supporting faith communities as a source of funding and in kind resources like volunteers (e.g., Cnaan, Boddies, Handy, Yancy, &Schneider, 2002; Ebaugh, Chafetz, &Pipes, 2005; Grettenberger, 2001). The author focused on how the earlier studies relied on its religions culture in putting together a system to support their faith based organization. Also how faith communities considered themselves...
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...create high performing organizations, managers must design an organizational architecture that maximizes the efficient use of resources. This chapter opens by examining the four critical factors that help managers to determine the most appropriate organizational structure their organization. Next, it discusses three components of organizational design: job design, grouping jobs into functions and divisions, and the coordination of functions and divisions. The chapter closes with a discussion of integrating mechanisms and the growing popularity of global strategic alliances and business-to-business network structures. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Identify the factors that influence managers’ choice of an organizational structure. (LO1) 2. Explain how managers group tasks into jobs that are motivating and satisfying for employees. (LO2) 3. Describe the types of organizational structures managers can design, and explain why they choose one structure over another. (LO3) 4. Explain why managers must coordinate and integrate between jobs, functions, and divisions as an organization grows.(LO4) LECTURE OUTLINE MANAGEMENT SNAPSHOT: MICROSOFT CENTRALIZES TO MEET GOOGLE’S CHALLENGE Microsoft has been working hard to compete with Yahoo and especially Google, which are developing innovative Web-based software products to attract broadband users. Because Microsoft’s managers realize their decision making is slowed by its decentralized structure, they have decided to...
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...26) 1PT10MBA28 1. Give three examples of explicit-explicit communication of knowledge in an organization. Explicit-explicit communication is one transformation phase that is best supported by technology. Explicit knowledge can be easily captured and transmitted to a worldwide audience. * Financial reports * Reports which are used for analysis . * websites 2. How does knowledge creation and transfer in organizational teams take place? Knowledge transfer has always been a challenge for organizations. Its importance has grown in recent decades for three related reasons. First, knowledge appears to be an increasing proportion of many organizations total assets. Second, organizations have moved away from hierarchical methods of control toward more decentralized organizational structures and increased employee involvement This has resulted in more creativity by frontline employees and subunits, but fewer obvious organizational paths through which the transfer can occur. The Components of Knowledge Transfer In principle, knowledge transfer can be broken down into distinct stages. The five steps to describe the process: idea creation, sharing, evaluation, dissemination, and adoption. 1) Idea creation: A massive literature exists on how to promote creativity. Robert Sutton has studied creativity in groups and offers the following list of questions to ask when assessing a group's potential for creativity. 2) Idea sharing: For information sharing to...
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...requires the ability, knowledge, and skill to plan and manage today’s networking which faces an ever-increasing variety of applications. We need to be skilled and informed to manage a network running Windows Server 2003 Active Directory. Present day networking administrators have difficulties ensuring that network resources are available to users when access is needed and securing the network in such a way that available resources are accessible to the proper user with the proper permission. We will have to solve networking problems including troubleshooting, configuration, installation, administration, and managing element. Starting from choosing the best Windows Server 2003 Edition that will meet the company’s needs in terms of price, performance and features; work group woes, name resolution nightmares and DNS name conflicts to server security. These problems can be solved with proper planning, managing, and designing a day-to-day administration of an Active Directory domain within their Windows Server 2003 network environment. We predict that implementing a Windows Server 2003 Active Directory will beat and exceed company goals. By detailing the crucial role, it plays in providing a secure and operational network including using technical tools to manage, troubleshoot, and maintain the network system. Active directory was first introduced in Windows 2000 Server products and has been improved in Windows Server 2003 to include advanced scalability, performance, and management...
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