...Running head: HISTORY OF Al-ANDALUS History of Al-Andalus: Tales of Harmony, Extermination & Vengeance Maddah Hussain History of Al-Andalus: Tales of Harmony, Extermination & Vengeance There is much of the debate going on about the history of Al-Andalus or Muslim Spain. Many historians David Fintz Altabé, Mark R. Cohen, Henry Kamen, Erin Morris, Mary Elizabeth Perry, Rukhsana Qamber, Saey, Tina Hesman Saey, Matthew E. Falagas, Effie A. Zarkadoulia, George Samonis, Hugh Kennedy and Maya Soifer, with their different views have tried to solve the mystery to what exactly happened? What were the conditions in Al-Andalus? Did people of different religious faiths coexisted at that time under Muslims’ rule? What caused the massacre and conversion of Jews and Christians into Islam? What led to the Spanish Inquisition? This paper is focused on the Spanish Inquisition, its causes and its consequences which includes the conquest of Spain by Muslims, the co-existence of Muslims, Christians and Jews, the fall of Al-Andalus leading to the Spanish Inquisition and the expulsion of Muslims from Spain beginning in 1478. This paper will also distinguish between religion and the wrongdoings of men, staining it for their ulterior motives. This paper will include different views of historians and their arguments about all of the incidents stated above. The central argument of this paper is, history of Al-Andalus, through many historians is biased; with little evidence, many of historians...
Words: 4726 - Pages: 19
...Mackenzie Wade Nielsen. Atheism. Waechtler. Encyclopedia Britannica: Atheism. Jan. 2013. Web. 6 Sept. 2014. ‹http://www.britannica.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/EBchecked/topic/40634/atheism› According to The Encyclopedia Britannica, predominantly written by Kai E. Nielsen, atheism, in general, is the assessment and denial of metaphysical beliefs in gods or spiritual beings. Nielsen states atheism, in its simplest form, is defined as an overall disbelief in or denial of godly or spiritual beliefs and beings, however, Nielsen clarifies that all atheists do not wholeheartedly or similarly reject the existence of said godly or spiritual beliefs and beings. Atheism branches into three major subcategories: fallibilistic atheism, aprioristic atheism, and dogmatic atheism. Fallibilistic atheists believe their knowledge and beliefs concerning godly or spiritual beings could be mistaken. Fallibilistic atheists are usually deemed as agnostics, however, they are distinguished by the fact they presently do not believe in any godly or spiritual being. They remain conscious they may, at some point in the future, be presented with evidence which may alter their beliefs. Fallibilistic atheists are often considered empiricists—those whom believe that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience—for they need to be presented with clear evidence in order to believe in any godly or spiritual beings. Aprioristic atheists do not believe in any godly or spiritual being due to their logical...
Words: 3271 - Pages: 14
...ANALYSIS PAPER DRAFT 1 Annotated Outline Part 1 – Analysis of Work Environment A. Identify a potential or current work environment My professional role is the director of a faith base substance abuse residential recovery organization in Kansas City, Missouri for homeless women, committed to overcoming their addiction and becoming responsible, productive drug and alcohol free members of the community. Author’s Tsai, Rosenheck, Kasprow & Mcquire (2012) study differentiated between programs that were once religious but are now secular from programs that have always been secular and programs that currently have a religious orientation. As a director for a non-profit organization and private business owner, this organization is to be considered a “service provider” facility, working directly to house, heal, feed, clothe, and educate females experiencing homelessness. Supervise a staff of 10, including an assistant director. B. Describe the population The organization would provide services to 30 single females in a Bible-based residential recovery program. Funded by Federal, State, City and private funders. The funding will be used for staff salary, food, utilities, up keep of the building, etc. Females would range from 25-45 years of age. C. Identify the appropriate code of professional ethics Ethical Standards of Human Service Professionals (2015), Retrieved from http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals ...
Words: 3555 - Pages: 15
...It was not so long ago that prisoners were fed bread and water and chained up together during the day to perform hard labor. Some even say that we need a return to those days! Nowadays prisons are very different and a variety of programs (some rather strange) have been implemented as jail time moves away from punishment to rehabilitation. This is a selection of ten of those new programs.10 Children in prison 2251494641 8Df45A2F96In the early 1990s the Mexico City government decided it was better for children born in prison to stay with their mothers until they were 6 rather than to be turned over to relatives or foster parents. The children are allowed to leave on weekends and holidays to visit relatives. A debate continues among Mexican academics over whether spending one’s early years in a jail causes mental problems later in life, but for the moment the law says babies must stay with their mothers. In Ohio they are trying a program called The Achieving Baby Care Success program. It began in June 2001. The 12 mothers currently participating live in a special wing of the prison. The babies sleep in identical cribs in their mothers’ cells. Between prison roll calls, mothers take their children to the in-house nursery for scheduled activities.9 Victim Offender Mediation Img 0013 600Victim-offender mediation, or VOM (also called victim-offender dialogue, victim-offender conferencing, victim-offender reconciliation, or restorative justice dialogue), is usually a face-to-face...
Words: 1738 - Pages: 7
...employees and employers can negotiate about the specific issues, in terms of notional law, such as: the rules that govern their relationship, wages, hiring practices, layoff, promotions, safety of work, job conditions, working hours, work discipline, benefit programs, and etc. Once both sides have reached a contract that they find agreeable, it is signed and kept in place for a set period of time, most commonly three-five years. The final contract is called a collective bargaining agreement; it represents the fact that it is the result of a collective bargaining effort. When Did Collaborative Bargaining Start? The beginning of collective bargaining goes back in the late nineteenth century, when workers began to stimulate for more rights in their workplaces. Many skilled markets had begun using their skills as bargaining tools to force their employers to accept their workplace needs. Other workers relied on sheer numbers, creating general strikes to protest not suitable working conditions. Several labor pioneers started to establish a collective bargaining system so that labor negotiations could run more efficiently. Typically, the employees are represented by a union. Collective bargaining actually begins with joining a union, agreeing to continue by the rules of the union, and electing union representatives. The Process Generally, experienced people from the union will help the workforce with gathering together a draft of a contract, and will help them to present...
Words: 2575 - Pages: 11
...Religion and Peace 22 indicative hours ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The focus of this study is the distinctive response of religious traditions to the issue of peace. Syllabus Outcomes: H1 explains aspects of religion and belief systems H2 describes and analyses the influence of religion and belief systems on individuals and society H5 evaluates the influence of religious traditions in the life of adherents H6 organises, analyses and synthesises relevant information about religion from a variety of sources, considering usefulness, validity and bias H7 conducts effective research about religion and evaluates the findings from the research H8 applies appropriate terminology and concepts related to religion and belief systems H9 coherently and effectively communicates complex information, ideas and issues using appropriate written, oral and graphic forms. Incorporating a Catholic emphasis: In approaching the teaching of this unit within the context of a Catholic Religious Education program it is expected that: 1. Each lesson would begin with prayer that is meaningful for students and pertinent to current local...
Words: 3661 - Pages: 15
...Daring Paradigm Healing Hospital: A Daring Paradigm When I think of care giving I think of support, compassion, and making a positive difference in the health and lives of individuals. My philosophy of care giving involves passion for patient care. What I mean by passion for patient care is being passionate about providing high-quality, accessible, value-driven care that encompasses the whole person from body, mind, and spirit, as well as being committed to meeting the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of all patients. My philosophy seems to go hand and hand with the paradigms of a Healing Hospital. According to Chapman (2007), the Healing Hospital is a concept that more than anything else, supports culture of caring. Therefore, love is the center of healing. I will further discuss the paradigm of the Healing Hospital, consider the ramifications and challenges of the paradigm, and evaluate the reasonableness of the paradigm. A healing hospital is built on the ancient tradition that love is at the center of healing. The Healing Hospital represents a vision of true excellence built on the most important principle of human existence- loving one another (Chapman, 2007, p. 10-11). Their concept is supporting a strong culture of caring for their patients and caregivers. Healing Hospitals use the three symbols of loving services which are: a Golden Thread that symbols faith in god to represent positive tradition of healing, a pair of intersecting circles that symbolizes...
Words: 451 - Pages: 2
...Prayer in Public Schools Derrick DuHart Race, Religion, Culture Arkansas Baptist College Dr. Johnson, Instructor November 4, 2014 Tables of Contents I. Introduction Background/Statement of Problems pg. 3-4 Purpose of the Study pg. 5-12 Research Questions pg. 13 Significance of the Study pg. 14-19 II. Literature Review Methodology and Sampling Design Strategy pg. 20 Data Collection Procedures pg. 20 Data Analyzed pg. 21 Ethical Issues pg. 21 III. Results Conclusion pg. 21-22 References pg. 23 Appendix: I. Annotated Bibliography pg. 24-26 II. Survey Questions pg. 27 III. Results (Charted/Tables) pg. 28-31 Notes: I. Introduction Background/Statement of Problem Prayer in Public Schools The courts have ruled against prayer in school. Many agree with the decision; yet many disagree. Prayer should be allowed in public schools because it is already practiced. It prevents...
Words: 6577 - Pages: 27
...INTRODUCTION “I will tell of your name to my brothers; in the midst of the congregation I will sing your praise.” Hebrews 2:11-12 A church is a place where we go every Sunday to praise and listen to the word of God. It is a home for every Christian family to worship, to serve and to fellowship. People come altogether and spend time at God’s Holy place. We come to make Him exalted in every shout of praises we are offering. God is delighted by His son’s adoration to Him, and we, His people want to be with Him always. In the old testament of the Bible, the Israelites have the Ark of Covenant. The Ark of Covenant is a place where they offer sacrifices for thanksgiving, for forgiveness and for daily supplication. It was built in the time Moses, when Israelites had an escape from Egypt. The Ark of Covenant was made and built with God’s supervision. God had explained clearly everything about the details in building the Ark of Covenant. He had instructed Moses and Aaron from the materials to be used up to the people who will build it. Designing was made by God, Himself. All the details were explained clearly in the book of Exodus, on its latter part. As time passed by, the Ark of Covenant was evolved into a larger and concrete temples built by the famous kings of Israel like the wisest King of Israel, King Solomon. God had instructed King David...
Words: 2549 - Pages: 11
...VICTORIA UNIVERSITY COURSE BROCHURE Got questions about studying at Victoria University, visiting, or applying? WELCOME MD MANJURUL Phone: +61 3 9919 1164 Email: international@vu.edu.au Apply online: www.vu.edu.au/courses/how-to-apply Find an agent: http://eaams.vu.edu.au/BrowseAgents.aspx This is your introduction to the incredible array of academic programs and resources we offer. Feel free to create additional brochures if your interests change. IN THIS BROCHURE Campuses, facilities and services Why study at Victoria University How to apply Cost of living English language requirements (TAFE/VET) English language requirements (Undergraduate) English language requirements (Postgraduate) English language courses Scholarship opportunities for international students Accommodation and private rentals Student support and safety Career and employment services Live in Melbourne SELECTED COURSES Diploma of Accounting Diploma of Library and Information Services Advanced Diploma of Engineering Technology Diploma of Engineering - Advanced Trade Diploma of Engineering Technology Information and fees listed in this brochure are for non-resident students starting the course in 2015. Fees are subject to approval and may change. In some courses students must buy equipment or clothing that they will need in the course. These equipment or clothing costs are not included in the course fees listed and we recommend you seek advice from the...
Words: 10738 - Pages: 43
...summarize and analyze the essential elements of the Christian worldview and reflect on implications for your own worldview. Write a 1,250-1,500-word essay using at least two course resources (textbook, lectures, the Bible) and at least two other sources from the GCU Library to support your points. Remember, the Bible counts as one reference regardless of how many times you use it or how many verses you cite. Begin your paper with an appropriate introduction, including a thesis statement to introduce the purpose of the paper. Organize your paper with the following sections using the seven underlined titles for subheadings. The Christian Worldview: Describe the beliefs of the Christian worldview with regard to the following components corresponding to Topics 2-5. Write at least one paragraph for each component using the underlined title for a subheading. God: What is God like? What are God's characteristics? What is his creation? To explain god and what his characteristics mean to a Christian would be to explain what it means to Christian. God is good, an entity that does not present with evil. God is loving, does not represent hate. God is just, has understanding with reason. These are also three of the attributes that humans should have and possess. This make the Christian god relatable and with achievable expectation. The attributes of god allows for a base of morality for people. With this ability to meet the expectations of god people can achieve a moral world...
Words: 1785 - Pages: 8
...It is a pleasant aspect that the proponents have now the opportunity to express their gratitude. The first person they would like to thank is their excellent teacher/ adviser Mr. Lazaga who always remind them with their research and answer whatever questions that we do not know or things that we do include in our study. Who always kept an eye on the progress of their work and always available when needed his advices. In a short period of time, they owe his lots of gratitude for having them shown this way of research. The researchers also want to express their gratitude to all their respondents who answer honestly their survey and accommodate them with open heart just to help the researchers. Although, they do have limited respondents, they are very thankful to them. These people substantially contributed to the development of this work. Introduction Religion is said to an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or a group of gods or an interest, a belief, or an activity that is very important to a person or group. Religion is the relation of human beings to God or the gods or to whatever they consider sacred or, in some cases, merely supernatural Archaeological evidence suggests that religious beliefs have existed since the first human...
Words: 2458 - Pages: 10
... This course is an introduction to the range of human diversity through an exploration of the peoples of the world. We will cover the basic concepts, theories, and methods that anthropologists use to study variations in cultural norms and social practices, economic systems and rules of law, social organization and patterns of inequality, identity and worldview, and patterns of social and cultural change. Focusing on the culture concept and the method of ethnography, we begin with the historical foundations of anthropology and then follow its attempts to understand contemporary human cultures. Comparative analysis of multiple ethnographic case studies and major theoretical approaches illuminates the range of human diversity, the forces that shape cultures, and how people adapt to a rapidly changing modern world. The central objectives of this course are to develop your intellectual skills, your cross-cultural fluency, and your sense of civic and moral engagement in global society. I hope that this course inspires many of you to become anthropology majors or minors, and grants each of you an anthropological perspective on your own life. REQUIREMENTS This is an intensive course that requires full participation from every student. You must attend all lectures, study all the assigned materials before the class for which they are listed, complete required assignments, actively participate in lecture, and demonstrate thoughtful consideration of readings, videos, in-class...
Words: 9454 - Pages: 38
...CORRELATION ON STUDY HABITS AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GR.9 INHS STUDENTS IN SELECTED SECTION” presented by TREXY FAITH FERNANDEZ, ANN MARGARETTJUAREZ,and ALLYSSA MAE MOSPA, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation are hereby accepted: Ms. Michelle P. Bales John Martin P. Capicio Member, AdvisoryCommittee Member, AdvisoryCommittee Date Signed Date Signed Ma. Faith M. Gallardo Chair, Advisory Committee Date Signed Accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Regular Class – Iloilo National High School. EDWIN F. MOSURA Head Research Department Date Signed NORDY D. SIASON Jr. Ed.D, C.E.S.E. Principal IV Date Signed Acknowledgement The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude appreciation to those who in one way or the other contributed to the possibility and fulfillment of the study; First and foremost, to the Almighty God, who bestowed His ample blessings and graces, and who continues to direct and assist us from the very beginning until the completion of the study. To the researcher’s parents, for giving them inspiration and all their needed support, whether financially, emotionally, and morally. To Dr. Evelyn Sorolla and Mrs. Iva Claire Latonero research teachers, for the professional guidance, excellent ideas and matchless patients that made this study complete. ...
Words: 2746 - Pages: 11
...cardiovascular risk burden, it is important to note that healthcare systems in many parts of Africa are designed to treat acute communicable diseases, rather than preventable NCDs [5] in part due to resources [22]. As a result, equity in terms of access to health care is constrained by the fact that patients with cardiovascular risk burden make significant demands on already scarce health resources. The healthcare system in SSA is often challenged by lack of sufficient resources to provide adequate patient care. Both lack of institutional resources and up-to-date practical information for healthcare providers often jeopardizes patient care [99]. A review by Motala (2002) [100] noted that the increasing diabetes trends in Africa are influenced by inadequate health care infrastructure, inadequate supply of medications, and lack of available healthcare facilities and providers. Issues such as lack of protocols for diabetic complication evaluation and monitoring, little or non-existent referral systems, inadequate health facilities, and absence of multidisciplinary diabetic care teams also make diabetes care difficult [101]. Among diabetes patients in Mozambique and Zambia, patients in need of insulin were faced with the high cost of the medication when available but were also faced with lack of availability of insulin when needed [102]. Similarly, Whiting and colleagues (2003) [101] noted that the contextual, clinical, and health systems challenges to the delivery of health care for diabetes...
Words: 1641 - Pages: 7
