...involved in movement, attention, and learning * Serotonin- associated with the regulation of sleep, eating, and pain, it also improves and contributes to moods * Endorphins- involved in the brain’s effort to deal with pain and elevate mood Write one – two sentence descriptions of the following: * Nervous system- is made up of the central nervous system. Network of nerve cells and fibers that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the body. * Endocrine system- secretes hormones, chemicals that regulate the functioning of the body, via the bloodstream. * Central core- consists of the brain and spinal cord, help regulate basic life processes, including breathing, pulse, arousal, movement, balance, sleep, and the early stage of processing sensory information. * Limbic system- found on the border of the old and new brain, is associated with eating, aggression, reproduction, and experiences of pleasure and pain. * Cerebral cortex- the new brain, has areas that control voluntary movement (the motor area) the senses (sensory area), and thinking, reasoning, speech, and memory (the association areas). Write a “test question” about neuroplasticity. [What is a question you...
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...Describe the action potential. - electrical charge is sent to the axon 2.3 Describe how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other and with the body. -neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles to receptor sites on other cells or glands or even muscles causing a reaction. 2.4 Explain how the brain and spinal cord interact, describe some misconceptions about the brain, and explain neuroplasticity....
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...process whereby their brains change in response to experience is called neuroplasticity. There are various forms of neuroplasticity such as homologous area adaptation, map expansion, cross-modal reassignment and compensatory masquerade which occur through diverse forms of therapeutic rehabilitation and treatment. Many processes are involved in brain recovery, after an injury or trauma. Neural networks and how they trigger an action potential, neuroplasticity, learning experience and therapy in patient recovery or remission are very important in brain recovery. In this essay, case studies that underwent neuroplasticity due to brain damage will be shown as well as how the treatment they underwent both psychologically and physically ‘changed their brain’. In computer science and associated fields, artificial neural networks are computational models motivated by an animal's central nervous system (in particular the brain) which is competent of machine learning as well as pattern recognition. Artificial neural networks are usually conferred as systems of interconnected "neurons" which can calculate values from inputs (Elsevier, 1988). An action potential is a short-lasting event whereby the electrical membrane potential of a cell quickly rises and falls following a uniform route. Action potentials happen in numerous types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells. They also occur in some plant cells. In neurons, they have a central...
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...Origins of Psychology and Research Methods Worksheet Part I: Origins of Psychology Within the discipline of psychology, there are several perspectives used to describe, predict, and explain human behavior. The seven major perspectives in modern psychology are psychoanalytic, behaviorist, humanist, cognitive, neuroscientific/biopsychological, evolutionary, and sociocultural. Describe the seven major psychological perspectives using two to three sentences each. Select one major figure associated with one of the seven major perspectives and describes his or her work in two to three sentences. Type your response in the space below. Psychoanalytic- States that people are said to have sexual and aggressive drives. People’s behaviors are ruled by irrational forces and the unconscious, as well as instinctual and biological forces. It is believed people have no free will. Sigmund Freud made his own theory in the 1890’s. Freud theory was that a hysterical patient could have these problems due to a painful childhood experience that they cannot remember. This theory states that there is influence of lost memories that shape our feeling, thoughts and behavior. Behaviorist- Emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences on overt behavior. B.F. Skinner research states that when you give a person positive reinforcement for a correct chose they will go out of their way to make the correct choice for that positive reinforcement. Also works the other way. When a person...
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...Chapter 01 Pre Test | 1. | Which of the following is a guideline for doing research with people? | | | a. | Participants cannot just quit without a valid, logical reason. | b. | Deception is never justified. | c. | Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation. | d. | Participants must understand that confidentiality is not guaranteed. | | | | | | | | Grade: | 2 | | | User Responses: | c.Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation. | | | Feedback: | a.Correct. Ethics of Psychological Research, p. 34 | | 2. | A ________ has a medical degree and is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. | | | a. | psychoanalyst | b. | psychiatrist | c. | psychologist | d. | psychiatric social worker | | | | | | | | Grade: | 2 | | | User Responses: | b.psychiatrist | | | Feedback: | a.Correct. Psychological Professionals and Areas of Specialization, p. 18 | | 3. | Researchers who allow their expectations about what they will see to affect the results of their observation studies are suffering from: | | | a. | controlled observation. | b. | participation observation. | c. | the observer effect. | d. | observer bias. | | | | | | | | Grade: | 2 | | | User Responses: | d.observer bias. | | | Feedback: | a.Correct. Psychology: The Scientific Methodology, p. 23 | | 4. | Researchers...
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...A monkey makes an involuntary gesture when a portion of its brain is electrically stimulated. The area of the brain that was most likely stimulated is the: A. occipital lobe B. motor cortex Correct C. sensory cortex D. amygdala A researcher is using a strong magnet to create images of the blood flow in participants' brains as they complete decision-‐making tasks. The researcher is using ____________ to examine the brain's activity. A. electroencephalography (EEG) B. positron emission tomography (PET) C. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) D. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Correct A synapse is a: A. chemical B. gap Correct C. signal D. joint Alphonse suffered a stroke, resulting in a lesion in his temporal lobe. Which of Alphonse's perceptual or cognitive functions is most likely impaired? A. hearing Correct B. decision-‐making C. motor coordination D. emotional regulation ...
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...psychology Course Description Effective Fall 2013 AP Course Descriptions are updated regularly. Please visit AP Central ® (apcentral.collegeboard.org) to determine whether a more recent Course Description PDF is available. The College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of more than 5,900 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education. Each year, the College Board helps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success — including the SAT® and the Advanced Placement Program®. The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators, and schools. For further information, visit www.collegeboard.org. AP Equity and Access Policy The College Board strongly encourages educators to make equitable access a guiding principle for their AP programs by giving all willing and academically prepared students the opportunity to participate in AP. We encourage the elimination of barriers that restrict access to AP for students from ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groups that have been traditionally underserved. Schools should ...
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...117 127 147 167 171 iii YOUR COURSE Instructions Instructions Welcome to your course, Essentials of Psychology. You’re entering a course of study designed to help you better understand yourself and others. For that reason, you can think of this course as practical. It should be of use to you in living your life and reaching the goals you set for yourself. You’ll use two main resources for your course work: this study guide and your textbook, Psychology and Your Life, by Robert S. Feldman. OBJECTIVES When you complete this course, you’ll be able to ■ Describe the science and methodologies of psychology in the context of its historical origins and major perspectives Outline the fundamental structure of the human nervous system and explain how it relates to the organization of human sensory perception Relate altered states of consciousness to sleep, hypnosis, meditation, sensory deprivation, and physiological responses to psychoactive drugs Discuss the basic concepts of behavioral psychology, including classical...
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...NOTE: This PDF document has a handy set of “bookmarks” for it, which are accessible by pressing the Bookmarks tab on the left side of this window. ***************************************************** We are the last. The last generation to be unaugmented. The last generation to be intellectually alone. The last generation to be limited by our bodies. We are the first. The first generation to be augmented. The first generation to be intellectually together. The first generation to be limited only by our imaginations. We stand both before and after, balancing on the razor edge of the Event Horizon of the Singularity. That this sublime juxtapositional tautology has gone unnoticed until now is itself remarkable. We're so exquisitely privileged to be living in this time, to be born right on the precipice of the greatest paradigm shift in human history, the only thing that approaches the importance of that reality is finding like minds that realize the same, and being able to make some connection with them. If these books have influenced you the same way that they have us, we invite your contact at the email addresses listed below. Enjoy, Michael Beight, piman_314@yahoo.com Steven Reddell, cronyx@gmail.com Here are some new links that we’ve found interesting: KurzweilAI.net News articles, essays, and discussion on the latest topics in technology and accelerating intelligence. SingInst.org The Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence: think tank devoted to increasing...
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...THE POWER OF HABIT Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd i 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd ii 10/17/11 12:01 PM HABIT W h y We D o W h a t We D o and How to Change It THE POWER OF CHARLES DUHIGG Random House e N e w Yo r k Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iii 10/17/11 12:01 PM This is a work of nonfiction. Nonetheless, some names and personal characteristics of individuals or events have been changed in order to disguise identities. Any resulting resemblance to persons living or dead is entirely coincidental and unintentional. Copyright © 2012 by Charles Duhigg All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. RANDOM HOUSE and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4000-6928-6 eBook ISBN 978-0-679-60385-6 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Illustrations by Anton Ioukhnovets www.atrandom.com 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 First Edition Book design by Liz Cosgrove Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iv 10/17/11 12:01 PM To Oliver, John Harry, John and Doris, and, everlastingly, to Liz Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd v 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd vi 10/17/11 12:01 PM CONTENTS PROLOGUE The Habit Cure GGG xi PA R T O N E The Habits of Individuals 1. THE HABIT LOOP How Habits Work 3 31 60 2. THE...
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