...My job in the medical field that I picked is a neurosurgeon. A neurosurgeon is a surgeon that operates on the central nervous system. The central nervous system (or CNS for short) is made up of the spinal cord and brain, the two nerve transfer areas in our bodies. The spinal cord is very important, if it's damaged you can become paralyzed, meaning you lose all feeling and motion in that area of your body. There is many different parts of being paralyzed. There is paraplegic, meaning you lose feeling and motion of your legs. There is also tetraplegic meaning you lose feeling and motion of your arms. There is many more types of paralias but my job as a neurosurgeon is to do my best to repair the spinal cord as quickly and as efficiently as I...
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...In the year 1817, a man named James Parkinson diagnosed the disease once known as ‘shaking palsy,’ as Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a central nervous system disorder that affects around 1.5 million people in America alone. James Parkinson was a doctor in London where he wrote a paper about the symptoms of Parkinson. Symptoms for Parkinson’s disease are tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Usually these symptoms are caused in result of degeneration of nerve cells in the Mostly older people have a better chance of catching the disease than younger adults. Parkinson’s disease typically begins between the ages of 50 and 65, hitting about 1% of the population in that age group. For many decades there was not...
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...Women and Surgery Despite the fact that the world now a day is developing in many aspects, women are yet an issue that is still discussed. Gender discrimination is witnessed in many aspects in today’s world, from family responsibilities to career roles, it is a main obstacle in almost every female’s life. Even though it may have improved within the years but the improvement is not fast enough. This paper will demonstrate the role of women in the medical field and the obstacles they face in their medical journey. Why is it that gender determines whether a person can become a surgeon or not? What is the main cause behind all this stereotypical ideologies and what are the threats that it creates? Looking at the gender patriarchy, fear of females...
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...Causes for Criminal Behavior Ashford University CRJ 308 September 3, 2013 Causes for Criminal Behavior According to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program, there were 1,203,564 violent crimes committed in the United States in the year 2011. That means that someone was murdered every 36 minutes, raped every 6.3 minutes, robbed every 1.5 minutes and assaulted every 42 seconds. But why do people commit these crimes? What drives them to harm others? "Criminal behavior and violence may be the consequence of head injuries acquired during childhood and youth" (Carrington & Ramos, 2003) neurological and neuropsychological anomalies or the upbringing and social interactions of the child's upbringing. Some people read the morning paper to keep up on current events while others watch the evening news, but regardless of the method they are all looking to see what sort of crimes have been committed that day. Crime has become so common that people skip reading about simple offences such as breaking and entering and theft and move on to the more interesting violent crimes such as forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. However, every once in a while a crime occurs that is so tragic it shocks the nation back into reality and makes people question their safety even with their family, neighbors and friends. These are the crimes that remind us that we walk hand in hand with the criminally insane on a daily basis without realizing it. But if they are insane should they be...
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...played at a faster pace and players are becoming larger, and intelligent (Wharton, 2011). While the sport of football can be stressful, competitive, entertaining and enjoyable, it also poses a dangerous threat of injury. One of the more common injuries within playing or watching football are concussions. Over the past few years concussions have become a more serious endangerment to those who play, from new evidence we have seen on the effects on the brain and how it can affect a player’s future. The purpose of this project is to investigate the current status of football and concussions in finding a solution to reducing head trauma in players as it pertains to the following areas: overall safety for the players, NFL culture, equipment, research efforts, and the future of football. According to CBS Sports (2011), more than 61% of former players have experienced concussions during their time in the league. The first section will discuss on what concussions are, what cause them to occur, what symptoms may be brought...
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...How Misdiagnosis Can Impact Lives Tamala L. Tibbs Texas Tech University Health Sciences For this assignment I chose to learn more about the sub topic “Misdiagnosis” from Chapter 10 titled Physicians Ethical and Legal Issues. This chapter explores how to understand how ethics and law impact physicians everyday professional lives. There are many misdiagnosed patients more and more every year. In this paper I will go over the background of Misdiagnosis and how it affects the patient, the legal mindset of the ever growing issue, and pick apart an actual case that was misdiagnosed and the outcome that came from it. Misdiagnosis is a medical error that is a preventable adverse effect of care. This usually includes an...
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...Hubacz Ms. Pouliot AP Biology Due- May 21, 2012 The Use of Discarded Human Fetuses for Research Despite religious views using discarded human fetuses for research is ethical, instead of simply disposing the aborted fetus there is the chance of finding a cure and changing millions of lives. Fetal research is exploration of fetal tissues. In this paper aborted fetuses will be the topic of discussion. “Fetal tissue research involves cells from dead fetuses that are harvested for the purpose of establishing cell lines or for use as transplantation material and other purposes.” (1).This type of research has led to the discovery of many different things, including: vaccines, diagnostic techniques, and treatment of maternal hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. There are many types of research that use human fetuses. First is general fetal research. General fetal research is used to develop vaccines and to study characteristics of human development. Fetal tissue research is “research involving transplantation of multipotent cells” (2). Fetal tissue research is being used to develop potential treatments for conditions, such as diabetes and Parkinson’s disease. Lastly in vitro research is being conducted. This is being used to understand and develop treatments for infertility. Research involving human fetuses is very controversial. Religious beliefs oppose the idea of this kind of research. Extraordinary results are coming from the studies being done, but views of all people...
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...Primary glioblastoma is the most commonly diagnosed among the two, and is often found in patients who are older. They tend to form more quickly and usually occurs from other lower-grade tumors, known as oligodendrogliomas (American Association of Neurological Surgeons). Secondary glioblastoma affects younger people and, despite not growing as quickly as primary glioblastoma, it is still a pretty aggressive tumor (American Brain Tumor Association). Due to how rapidly the cell growth is and how cancerous this brain tumor is, patients on average are given 3 months to 18 months to live (Moore and Kim). Despite technological advancements and improved research, the probability that a patient lives beyond one year after initial diagnosis is less than 20% (Ray-Chaudhury), which has led many scientists to find alternative methods to the...
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...The author will conduct her research method with a survey. The instrument that will be used will be an interview with Zmira King-Elbaz, a psychologist at the Lester B. Pearson School Board. This school board has a fairly large faculty and staff (N= 1000-5000), where the author will have a sample of one psychologist (n=1). It is to be expected that she will be in favour of having the street name changed to Doctor Penfield Avenue, taking into account his contributions to McGill University and more specifically, psychology and neuroscience. Literature Review Wilder Penfield is one of the most famous doctors, let alone neurosurgeons in the world. According to McGill University, the Montreal Neurological Institute was founded in 1934 by Dr....
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...This is probably the most cherished work of mine. I had heard the potential hazards of cell phones, and after spending an extended amount of time doing the research, the findings negating cell phone safety was irrefutable. I think that since cell phones are such a highly debated topic, it was an awesome subject to tackle, and I hope this paper can help people think twice about cell phone safety. Unseen Dangers: The Reality of Cell Phones The Industrial Revolution marked the beginning of modern technology, creating fruitful moments in history that paved the groundwork for the Information Age. The advancement of computer chip technology allowed us to create the modern day cell phones, revolutionizing the concept of communication. Today our lives depend on these mobile phones, which have advanced into mobile-computers. Despite the beneficial uses and entertaining characteristics of the mobile phone, the devices are highly debated over their potential health risks. As the device becomes pervasive in modern society, it is important to more fully understand the potential health hazards that growing evidence suggests, and to ultimately reevaluate the information that industry funded and tailored studies supply for the public in the United States. Are cell phones the pinnacle of wireless communication, or what if these contemporary devices increase the risk of life-threatening illnesses for billions of people worldwide? The rapid development of communication technology has created...
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...The majority of axonal injuries, brain damage that is brought on by shearing and causes lesions and brain swelling characteristic of AHT, have been determined to be hypoxic-ischemic in nature rather than traumatic. Thus, more attention has been directed on identifying spinal injuries in AHT. Prior to this discovery, spinal injuries were rarely reported in conjunction with AHT cases, mainly because no one ever looked for them. Autopsy protocol prior to 2000 removed the brain and severed the spinal cord. Since then, the protocol was changed and the spinal cord is now removed with the brain. Spinal injuries have now been identified in 70% of abusive head trauma cases that ended in fatality. In this paper, research was conducted to study the spine in AHT victims in order to discover the prevalence of spinal injuries in AHT compared to accidental and nontraumatic groups. The entire study included a total of 183 children under the age of 48 months who had spinal MRIs sometime between 2000 and 2012. Radiographical and clinical findings were collected and analyzed for traumatic spinal injuries. Between the three groups the incidence, distribution, and radiological characteristics of bone, ligamentous injuries, and soft-tissue injuries of the spine...
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...Should Vaccines Be Required for Children? Terry J. Vervenne DeVry University Should Vaccines Be Required for Children? Shots, inoculations, vaccines, do children need them? This is the issue that needs to be discussed. Why are vaccines a necessity of current times? Even though vaccines may have some side effects, they have saved many lives as everyone already knows. They prevent many types of diseases and stop the spread of others. Just image having to send your children to school that’s filled with other children carrying diseases and viruses. Viruses such as small pox, measles, and mumps that could invade your child’s body which in most circumstances will then be brought home and spread to other family members. Therefore, every child in America needs to be vaccinated before beginning school because vaccines can prevent disease, save lives, and alleviate sick days at school. Firstly, many of these contagious diseases in children are preventable. Many of the viruses that cause diseases such as measles, mumps, or small pox are very dangerous. Sometimes the symptoms are very mild or not even noticed. While other times the symptoms can be severe, possibly even leaving a residual effect. For example, as everyone knows, if an adult male contracts mumps, this may cause sterility. Another example is polio, although preventable, once this disease is contracted it can lead to permanent muscle weakness. Once someone contracts one of these types of disease, it can possibly be fatal...
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...TERM PAPER THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TREATMENTS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE ( First Draft ) BEL 311 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES LECTURER’S NAME MADAM RAFIZAH MOHD RAWIAN SHAFINAS BINTI SAMSUDIN 2010131651 BMD3Ab b SHAFINAS BINTI SAMSUDIN 2010131651 BMD3Ab b PREPARED BY EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TREATMENT OF ALZHERMEIR’S DISEASE Alzheimer's is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. According to Howard Crystal & William C. Shiel Jr ( 2005 ), Alzheimer's disease is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer's disease results from an increase in the production or accumulation of a specific protein (beta-amyloid protein) in the brain that leads to nerve cell death. The likelihood of having Alzheimer's disease increases substantially after the age of 70 and may affect around 50% of persons over the age of 85. Nonetheless, Alzheimer's disease is not a normal part of aging and is not something that inevitably happens in later life. For example, many people live to over 100 years of age and never develop Alzheimer's disease. But, nowadays there are some types of effective treatment that are effective for Alzhermeir’s disease. The management of Alzheimer's...
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...arise from the fact that we are increasingly exposed to logarithmically increasing non-ionizing radiation from wireless systems, cell phones, satellite transmissions, electricity transmission, and other products. This paper aims to present a solid argument that cell phones, in particular, may be a cause of cancer. Researchers suggest that high power electrical distribution lines may increase the incidence of certain cancers (Siepmann, 2004). According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (1990): “In conclusion, the several studies showing leukemia, lymphoma and cancer of the nervous system in children exposed to magnetic fields from residential 60 Hz electrical power distribution systems, supported by similar findings in adults in several occupational studies also involving electrical power frequency exposures, show a consistent pattern of response that suggests, but does not prove, a causal link. Frequency components higher than 60 Hz cannot be ruled out as contributing factors. Evidence from a large number of biological test systems shows that these fields induce biological effects that are consistent with several possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis.” This situation suggests the need to continue to evaluate the information from ongoing research and to further evaluate the mechanisms of carcinogenic action and the characteristics of exposure that cause these effects. A Medscape (2000) review article concludes (Siepmann, 2004): “Taken together,...
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...treat their illnesses. Many others use it because of it mood-altering effects. Laws have been passed to regulate both of these uses of the drug. Those who advocate legalization favor easing or overturning laws against the possession and use of marijuana for recreational purposes, medical use, or both. In general most proposals for legalization fall into one of three categories: decriminalization for recreational use, legalization for recreational use, or legalization for medical use. In opposition to these three choices is the option to keep marijuana illegal for both recreational and medical purposes. The purpose of this paper is to explore the facts, pros and cons, regarding the legalization of marijuana. The information for this paper was obtained from scholarly and peer reviewed journal articles, books, and online sources. The research questions answered are as follows; * Could the legalization of marijuana rescue our struggling economy or could it provide much need relief to the overcrowded prison system? * Will the legalization of marijuana lead to a regulation nightmare…can it even be regulated? * Could the legalization of marijuana ease the suffering of so many Americans suffering from debilitating diseases? The legalization of marijuana, whether for medicinal use or recreational use, has caused much legal confusion as well as polarizing social and political debate. The trend to decriminalize marijuana is upon us and is not going away. States...
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