...Nationalism and the appeal of Marxism: Bullet to ballet journey of Maoist Revolution in Nepal. Chapter-1 “The last capitalist we hang shall be the one who sold us the rope.” ― Karl Marx 1. Introduction 1.1 Contextual Background The Communist Party of Nepal (CPN) – Maoist fired their first shots of the People's War on February 12, 1996. Their basic agenda was to establish people's republic. Misfortunately that resulted 13,000 people dead and 1,300 missing. The Maoists started their insurgence with just two old guns but succeed for armed conflict across the country and reformed Nepal’s political environment permanently. This revolution was ultimately ended when Maoist and some of the leading political party leaders signed the Comprehensive Peace...
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...A STUDY ON TRAINING AND MICRO CREDIT PROGRAM OF CENTER FOR WOMEN’S RIGHT AND DEVELOPMENT Submitted By: A fieldwork report Submitted to: Shanker Dev Campus Tribhuvan University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Studies Ramshahpath, Putalisadak, Kathmandu June, 2006 Faculty of Management TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY RECOMMENDATION This is to certify that the fieldwork assignment report Submitted by: Entitled A Study on Training and micro credit and development Program of Center for women right and development Has been prepared as approved by this department. This fieldwork assignment report is forwarded for examination. Supervisor Date… Head of the Dept Shanker Dev Campus ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS While preparing this Fieldwork Report of Centre for women’s Right and Development on Training and Micro credit Programme. I received the kind assistance of many people, most of whom are directly involved in micro credit & Savings program within CWRD and also the borrowers. The names of those whose knowledge helped shape this report writing are...
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...SAARC Ministerial Declaration on Cooperation in Combating Terrorism ***** We, the Foreign Ministers of Member States of SAARC, are deeply concerned about the continuing scourge of terrorism afflicting the region which has caused extensive social disharmony, loss of human life, destruction and damage to property. Terrorism poses a serious threat to peace and cooperation, and friendly and good neighbourly relations. It jeopardises the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of States, while constituting a serious violation of fundamental human rights. We renew our commitment to strengthening comprehensive region-wide cooperation among SAARC Member States to combat and eliminate all forms and manifestations of terrorism and in this context affirm the need to reinforce further the regional legal regime and instituting pragmatic cooperation to address this issue effectively. We also recognise that our cooperation shall proceed on the basis of sovereign equality, mutual respect and the principles of non-intervention and non-interference in the internal affairs of Member States consistent with the SAARC Charter. As we meet in Colombo, at the Thirty-first Session of the Council of Ministers, we solemnly declare and agree to undertake the following measures of cooperation: 1. We reiterate our commitment to implement measures against organising, instigating, facilitating, financing, fund raising, encouraging, tolerating and providing training for or otherwise...
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...Role of Al Jazeera in the Arab Spring Since December 2010, the entire Arab world has gone through major political transformation. Monarchies that had enjoyed absolute power for hundreds of years have been overthrown; some are in the process to be overthrown and other state leaderships have adopted some flexibility in their system of administration to protect themselves. The public revolt against the state leadership, popularly known as the ‘Arab Spring’ or the ‘Arab Awakening’ “took everyone by surprise not because people had no reason to revolt” (Khanfer 2012, p. 2) but because it took unprecedented scope and speed. An act of self immolation by a street vendor in Tunisia in a show of public revolt against corrupt government not just toppled centuries old dictatorial regime but also became a source of inspiration for Arab masses to revolt against their governments. “The self-immolation triggered unrest in Tunisia and ultimately the resignation of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. This was followed by unrest in a number of Arabian countries that the global press dubbed the ‘Arab Spring’” (Friedman 2011). So far, the spring breeze has entered into 20 countries in the Persian Gulf and the North Africa. Four countries—Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen—have overthrown their governments. Algeria, Iraq, Iranian Khuzestan, Israeli border areas have witnessed major protests. Syria has landed in a civil war. Jordan, Oman, Kuwait, Morocco, Lebanon have gone through protests and governmental...
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...Securing ‘Decent’ Conditions for Migrant Workers1 - should it be a part of SAARC Social Charter! Pravin Sinha2 Abstract The short term migrants are those who move to other region of the same country or to another countries for employment and intend to return the country of their docile. They are beyond the place of their permanent residence with sole intention to earn income that would help in meeting the needs of the family in a better manner. In performance of their work they face exploitation at the hands of employers as also recruiting agents. The national laws protecting the interests of workers normally remain untouched in so far migrant workers are concerned as either they are not covered or overlooked. Worst is the case with the non-officially recorded migrants. Their size is significantly large when on looks at the South Asia. The labour surplus economies of South Asia have of recent awakened to the concerns of these workers, as bilateral agreements are being entered in to. The SAARC has also adopted a Social Charter. The SAARC Social Charter is an important milestone in the area of regional cooperation. The well-written document identifies seven social areas of concerns but fails to include labour as one of them. Under the condition whether concerns of migrant worker could be included in a multilateral agreement, and if so whether it will help to check the human and labour right violations that the migrant workers the faced with? This is a big question...
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...A critical investigation into the issues faced by logistical managers in getting aid to disaster areas Natural disasters are a fact of life for many areas around the world, for example last year alone there were earthquakes in both Nepal and Afghanistan that have broken 7 on the Richter scale, allowing them to be characterised as Major Earthquakes. Generally, features of such an earthquake are shown by by damage to most buildings, potentially, resulting in either partial of complete collapse, often with ignorance to well-designed buildings. They’re felt across a large area, with major damage tending to be contained within a 250km radius around the epicentre. Every single time a disaster breaks out in one of these areas there is international response from around the globe, be it from the UN that coordinates all nations’ international response teams such as aid provided by the UK and France to Nepal in late April 2015 or from an international NGO such as IFRCC, (International Federation for the Red Cross and Crescent) that have bases permanently stationed in the worst affected areas. The topic of logistical barriers was presented to me initially through a simple school discussion following the Haiti earthquake of 2010 as part of our talks we spoke about the inefficiencies faced by these teams such as the ports at Port-au-Prince became very blocked as air traffic couldn’t land as a result of the states of the runway and it really intrigued me as I looked into the maths and the...
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...Introduction 1. By and large, Nepal remained a peaceful kingdom for more than two centuries. The country witnessed armed revolution twice by the Nepali Congress in between 1950 and early 1960s. The first succeed it throwing out the Rana regime that ruled the kingdom for 194 years, while the other did not. Maoist people’s war was third in sequence that necessitated a peace process. Basically, a Peace process can be understood as a social phenomenon, which acquires political overtone, when initiated to resolve an armed conflict carried out between the state on one side and the armed outfit, on the other, to restore peace finally. It is necessitated in an explosive situation when innumerable lives and properties are destroyed and many more innocent people’s lives are threatened with no possibility of subsiding of the flare-up in sight. It may be set in motion and facilitated by the concerned parties themselves, or other affected sides and their well-wishers. It may begin with the declaration of the cessation of hostilities or ceasefire by the conflicting sides. The armed conflict may have different forms such as, political, social, cultural, ethnic, religious etc. In the process, several stages have to be undergone for building mutual confidence between the parties in context in order to re-establish the normal relation between them to reach the final goal. The Insurgency 2. The Samyukta Morcha Nepal, the legal front of the Nepal Communist Party of Nepal, Maoist (CPN-(M), had submitted...
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...slavery in the world today. There were approximately 18 to 20.5 million bonded laborers in the world at the end of 2011, almost 90% of whom were in South Asia. This means that approximately half of the slaves in the world are bonded laborers in South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and in America and Africa. In America In the Americas, peonage was extended to include criminal peonage, where prisoners sentenced to hard labor were 'farmed out' to private or governmental groups. Peonage is a type of involuntary servitude of laborers (peons) having little control over their employment conditions. Peonage existed historically during the colonial period, especially in Latin America. As the New Mexico laws supported peonage, the US Congress passed an anti-peonage law on March 2, 1867. The current version of this statute is codified at Chapter 21-I of 42 U.S.C. § 1994 and makes no specific mention of New Mexico. In Africa Africa has its own unique version of debt bondage. Afrocentric academics claim that this was a much milder form of debt bondage compared to that experienced elsewhere, since it would occur on a family or community basis where social ties existed between debtor and creditor. Pawnship, or debt bondage slavery, involves the use of people as collateral to secure the repayment of debt. Pawnship was a common form of collateral in West Africa. It involved the pledge of a person, or a member of that person's family, to...
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...The Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests are recurring phenomenon in the last years that have gained media coverage (Ghandnoosh, 2015). They are a response to a long-standing problems with police racism, excessive force, and abuse especially in United States as well as in other countries (Ghandnoosh, 2015).. These BLM protest continues to be a recurring topic on social media (Ghandnoosh, 2015). Thereby, they have sparked multiple discussions over the methods of mobilization. Some argues that the means the protesters uses are too aggressive. This due to the fact that people go out, stop traffic in some cases destroy property. However, these known facts are not the only way that individuals are currently participating in social issues. Some have...
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...UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION CONCEPT The term ‘Industrial Relations’ comprises of two terms: ‘Industry’ and ‘Relations’. “Industry” refers to “any productive activity in which an individual (or a group of individuals) is (are) engaged”. By “relations” we mean “the relationships that exist within the industry between the employer and his workmen.” | | | | The term industrial relations explain the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship. Industrial relations are the relationships between employees and employers within the organizational settings. The field of industrial relations looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union. Industrial relations are basically the interactions between employers, employees and the government, and the institutions and associations through which such interactions are mediated. The term industrial relations have a broad as well as a narrow outlook. Originally, industrial relations were broadly defined to include the relationships and interactions between employers and employees. From this perspective, industrial relations cover all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource management, employee relations, and union-management (or labor) relations. Now its meaning has become more specific and restricted. Accordingly, industrial relations pertains to the study and practice of collective...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...change the natural flow of the waterways where it was erected, forming new lakes and diminishing downstream water flow. Hydro installations can also affect wildlife in the area, serving as a blockage for migratory fishes and changing their habitats. Solar panels require some toxic chemicals to produce during its beginning processes, but once installed, they have a very minimal negative effect to cause on the local environment outside of taking up large amounts of leeway in industrial-scale generation facilities. Water Management While hydroelectric power can significantly cause changes to the nature of a waterway, this occurrence can have benefits to the community extending to the downstream environment. Hydroelectric plants and also dams can form reservoirs, storing water against droughts and creating new habitats for fish and waterfowl and can also become a recreational area for nearby populations. In addition, dams can assist to minimize the effects of intense rainfall, preventing potentially catastrophic flooding by freeing water to the downstream in carefully controlled intervals. International Actions (Environmental Management July/Aug 1989 Fearnside, Phillip M.) Since International Movements for Rivers and Rights has been established in 1985, International Rivers has always been giving services to network also building the international movement of dam-affected people, an effective social movements, creating NGOs and academics for those who are working and helping to...
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...CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an organization of South Asian nations, which was established on 8 December 1985 when the government of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka formally adopted its charter providing for the promotion of economic and social progress, cultural development within the South Asia region and also for friendship and co-operation with other developing countries. It is dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development emphasising collective self-reliance. Its seven founding members are Sri Lanka, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Afghanistan joined the organization in 2007. Meetings of heads of state are usually scheduled annually; meetings of foreign secretaries, twice annually. It is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal. The combined economy of SAARC is the 3rd largest in the world in the terms of GDP (PPP) after the United States and China and 5th largest in the terms of nominal GDP. SAARC nations comprise 3% of the world's area and contain 21% (around 1.7 billion) of the world's total population and around 9.12% of Global economy as of 2015. SAARC also home to world's 3rd & 7th largest Economy of world in GPP(PPP) &...
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...helps us rise to meet challenges. Anxiety assumes an extremely imperative part on building fixation power. For example, it can keep you on your toes throughout a presentation at work, or drives you to study for an exam than sitting in front of the TV. Anyhow past a certain point, stress quits being useful and begins bringing on real harm to one's health, productivity, relationships, and quality of life. The signs and indications of stress over-burden might be practically anything. Stress influences the brain, body, and conduct from numerous points of view, and everybody encounters push diversely. Overwhelming stress does not only lead to serious mental and physical health problems, but it also can take a toll on your relationships in your social life. Our modern life has become too complicated because of daily hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and too many demands to fulfill. Now days, almost everybody has their own stress. Poor people have their own stress of basic needs such as food and shelter. Middle class people want to...
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...Gautama, who lived about 25 centuries ago in what is now Nepal and northeastern India. He came to be called “the Buddha”, which means “awakened one”, after he experienced a profound realization of the nature of life, death and existence. In English, the Buddha was said to be enlightened, although in Sanskrit it is ‘Bodhi’ means "awakened." Buddhism is divided into two major branches: Theravada, the Way of the Elders, and Mahayana, the Great Vehicle. Buddhism is now prevalent in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, and in China, Japan, Taiwan, Tibet, Nepal, Mongolia, Korea, and Vietnam, and India. As the time go, the number of Buddhists is increasing everyday. Origin of Buddhism Buddhism is a popular religion. Many people in many countries practice it. Buddhism has a long history. 2500 years ago,Buddhism originated from north-east India.It became the most important religious parts of Asia. Buddhisms’ spread to most countries in the world in the 20th centry. It is very helpful to understand the beginning view of the development of the Buddhism,especially to know the aspects of 5 periods of each difficult 500 years(Leukel,2006). As time goes by,Buddhism has changed a lot. There are many kinds of different Buddhism forms appearing in the long history. Buddhism is also very popular to the Asia. Original Goal of Buddhism Some religions come from the movement of revolution. Such as Buddhism which derived from one of the movement called Śrāmaňa revolting against...
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