Survey Camp Report
Group 3
The Technical University of Kenya

Acknowledgements
Group 3 thanks the entire School of Surveying and Geospatial Sciences for the exercise, Dr. Wayumba in particular for making it a success. The group also thanks Mr. Wangili, Mr. Shabola and Mr. Kayako for their time and dedication in the field. Their assiduous supervision and patronage throughout the entire exercise was invaluable.

Table of Contents MEMBERS: 4 INTRODUCTION 5 OBJECTIVES 5 SURVEY TASKS 6 DAILY SURVEY TASKS 6 DAY ONE- Saturday, 14thJune 2014 6 DAY TWO- Sunday, 15thJune 2014 7 DAY THREE- Monday, 16thJune 2014 7 DAY FOUR- Tuesday, 17th June 2014 8 DAY FIVE-Wednesday, 18th June 2014 9 DAY SIX-Thursday, 19thJune 2014 9 DAY SEVEN-Friday, 20 June 2014 9 DAY EIGHT-Saturday, 21 June 2014 10 DAY NINE-Sunday, 22 June 2014 10 DAY TEN-Monday, 23 June 2014 10 DAY ELEVEN- Tuesday, 24TH June 2014 11 DAY TWELVE- Wednesday, 25th June 2014 11 Procedures 12 Cadastral Surveying 12 Setting out of a curve 12 Conclusion 13 Recommendations 13

MEMBERS:
Virginia Mweru Maina 111/00727
Martin Mwai Kamau 111/00101
Stephen Muthee Mwai 111/00279
David Mwangi Waruingi 111/00771
Reuel Warungu Nderitu 111/00234
Tarus Kipruto George 111/00130
Sila Nyota Mgunya 111/00153
Duration: Friday 13th June 2014 to Thursday 26th June 2014
Facilitators: Dr. Wayumba Mr. Wangili Mr. Kayako Mr. Shabola

INTRODUCTION
The survey camp, dubbed the Geospatial Engineering camp, is an annual activity in the School of Surveying and Geospatial Science. The camp is part of the B. Eng Geospatial curriculum, and students are expected to partake and complete all the slated activities in their fourth year. The activities the students engaged in are listed below, subsequent to which the resultant technical report is documented. This report is a technical account of the various activities the students in Group 3 engaged in on a daily basis whilst at the University of Nairobi Kibwezi Field Survey Station.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the two-week activity were as follows: * To expose the students to real-life scenarios surveyors encounter in the field from time to time * To educate the students on how to best deal with real life challenges albeit in a diligent manner as a surveyor should * To confer on the students a taste of the real-life conditions pertaining to data collection, processing, and presentation of the findings in a presentable manner. * To expose students to the various surveying equipment and instruments, including levels and theodolites, and perfect their individual skills in using each of them in real life situations.

SURVEY TASKS
The following is the sequential account of the activities the group engaged in: i. Triangulation around the field station for the purpose of fixing control points ii. Levelling from the field station to Kisayani town iii. Topographical survey of the field station iv. Running a traverse around the field station for the purpose of cadastral survey work
DAILY SURVEY TASKS
DAY ONE- Saturday, 14thJune 2014
Group 3 kicked off the survey camp by familiarizing with the survey equipment. In so doing, the group performed model operations using the theodolites, carrying out trial triangulation processes using targets set up within the compound of the facility. Two main theodolites were used throughout this exercise: Wild T2 and the Leica Wild T2.
Under the guidance of the lecturers, the group partook in the familiarization exercise, which included activities such as group members setting up the equipment at a fixed point in turns, focusing on given targets or signals, reading the inferential angles/bearings, and finally booking the observations on the provided field booking sheets. The lecturers were keen to demonstrate the correct procedure for setting up the instruments, ensuring that every group member was involved.
Each group member took turns to make a round of vertical and horizontal observations. This was the first phase of the familiarization process.

DAY TWO- Sunday, 15thJune 2014
The second phase involved levelling, where the lecturers performed the same procedure as they did with the theodolites, from setting up to taking and booking readings. The group’s familiarization process for the levelling exercise was achieved by tasking out the operation on one of the pavements, a distance of about 200 meters.
The levelling machine used in this exercise was the Kern Tilting Level. In this exercise, the group carried out operations such as setting up the equipment, locating benchmarks, making readings on the levelling staff, booking the observations on field notes, and then reducing the results.
The purpose of this exercise was to apprise the students on how to set up, operate, and make correct scale readings using the equipment. At the end of the exercise, every member of the group was acquainted with both the instruments and their applications in the field.

DAY THREE- Monday, 16thJune 2014
The group set off for a reconnaissance, to identify locations to place signals to be used for the triangulation of control points to Kibwezi Field Survey Station. Unfortunately, our objective of the reconnaissance was aborted due to unavoidable circumstances. We then headed back to the facility.
On returning, our instructors laid out new points to be fixed using triangulation from old known control points within the compound.
Old points: - i. HQ01 ii. HQ02 iii. HQ03 iv. HQ05 v. Gate
New points:- i. Juma ii. Shabola
The triangulation exercise was scheduled to begin the following day.
DAY FOUR- Tuesday, 17th June 2014
Horizontal and Vertical observations
Apparatus:
* The Wild T2 Theodolite * Tripods * Booking sheets * Tape measure * Plumb bobs
The weather conditions were favorable for making vertical and horizontal observations. We set our theodolite on the control point HQ05, from where we observed points HQ01, Gate and Shabola.
The new point Juma was not inter-visible with our station and so could not be observed. The first step we took was to set up the targets, then measure the heights. Subsequent to this, we oriented the theodolite to point HQ01, bearing 204˚26’38”. From here, observations ensued. Observations on the horizontal angles were recorded for two swings: face-right and face-left. This was the procedure for one quadrant, which we then repeated for the remaining three, while disturbing the horizontal circle.
After we were done with the horizontal angles, we started observing the vertical angles. However, the high temperatures caused a shimmering effect, which impeded on our observations. As such, we had to postpone this activity to the next day.
Reduction of Horizontal Angles
Since we couldn’t make any observations, we instead went ahead and reduced the horizontal angles that we had recorded on the triangulation field notes. In this activity, reductions on the various rounds of observations made were done, and the group ascertained that the error margin was acceptable.
DAY FIVE-Wednesday, 18th June 2014
The group commenced this day by making observations on the vertical angles, which it had been forced to postpone on the previous evening. On completing the observations and recording them, the group went ahead to reduce the vertical angles.
DAY SIX-Thursday, 19thJune 2014
We started this day by concluding on some computations from the previous day. We were done by noon. In the afternoon, the group embarked on the leveling exercise from a benchmark around the facility to a temporary benchmark along the Kibwezi-Kitui road.
Apparatus:
* Kern Tilting Level * Leveling Staff * Tape measure * Booking sheets
The exercise began at a benchmark just around the Utafiti entry point, which had a height of 792 meters. Back sights and foresights were booked accordingly. The levelling network started at the entry point, through the bridge, all the way to Kisayani shopping centre at regular intervals. On reaching Kisayani town closing point, the group carried out a reciprocal levelling exercise back to the starting benchmark, dubbed ‘flying back’.
DAY SEVEN-Friday, 20 June 2014
The group began the day by finalizing on computations and reductions from the previous day.We were scheduled to conduct a topographic survey of the field station in the afternoon. Our assigned point of origin was HQ05. From here, our area of survey included the area behind the camp site kitchen. We started off this exercise at the storage unit behind the kitchen. Points such as the water tank, trees, footpaths, road corners, the small round about at the end of the road, the fence, all the way to the gate and back were taken. All these readings were taken and recorded on the topo field sheets. However, we could not conclusively complete the exercise due to time constraints, so we called it a day. The activity was to be finalized on the next day.
DAY EIGHT-Saturday, 21 June 2014
The day began with a continuation of the activity of the previous day, topographical survey. We completed the topographical survey of the assigned area from the reference point HQ05 throughout the day.
DAY NINE-Sunday, 22 June 2014
On this day, the group carried out a traversing exercise, under the patronage of Mr. Wangili. The standard traverse begun at one of the new control points, Juma which had been fixed by triangulation. The point’s coordinates were: +9744808.686 +391675.979. These enabled the group to do join computations to the visible old control points, HQ01, HQ02 and HQ03 for the sake of opening orientations. We ran the traverse all the way to the other new control point, Shabola and using the points Gate, HQO1 and HQ03 we did our closing orientations. The group managed to fix traverse points TR1, TR2, TR3, TR4, TR5, TR6 and TR7 around and outside the field station.
DAY TEN-Monday, 23 June 2014
The day finds us at the facility lab, engrossed in reductions to the previously obtained data and traverse computations in order to determine the coordinates of the traverse points. Subsequently the data from the topographic survey was then transferred onto a Microsoft excel sheet for further processing. This data was then manipulated and converted into a format recognizable by the ArcGIS software, a software we used in plotting and drawing the topographic map.

DAY ELEVEN- Tuesday, 24TH June 2014
Cadastral survey entails the subdivision of land into smaller portions. The corners of each subdivision are then marked on the ground using beacons. Prior to subdivision, however, theoretical computations are requisite, to determine the end-positions of the new boundaries, along with their orientation. These values are then realized on the ground.
The group was assigned a part development plan of the area where the cadastral survey was to be conducted. On this day, therefore, the group was involved in the calculation and establishing of the bearings of these subdivisions from each other, as well as their orientation from each other i.e. placing data.
We also did the computations of setting out a curve of a road which was designed by our facilitators. The curve was to be set out just outside the field station.
DAY TWELVE- Wednesday, 25th June 2014
The lecturers assembled all group members at the traverse point TR5 for a demonstration exercise of cadastral surveying and engineering survey (Curve setting out).
Apparatus
* Theodolite * EDM * Ranging rod with a reflector * Wooden Pegs * Tape measure * Targets/Signals

Procedures
Cadastral Surveying 1) Placing of the beacons of each individual point from the traverse points TR5 and TR6 using the placing data. 2) Setting up targets at the placed beacons and taking observations of distances and bearings from the traverse points used to place them and recording those readings accordingly. 3) Establishment of a check points along the traverse line 4) Setting up the equipment at the check points and making observations once again to the placed beacons 5) Demonstration calculations to determine whether the beacons were placed within the acceptable standards which are 0.03m within urban areas and 0.05m within rural areas.
Setting out of a curve 1) Setting up the equipment at the point of curvature T1 and orienting to the intersection point, I. 2) Using the setting out data computed, you place wooden pegs along the curve according to the intervals specified. 3) Closing the setting out by finally checking whether the setting out data places the point of tangency, T2 where it is supposed to be.
This was the last day of the camp.

Conclusion
The group ascertains that the survey camp was a success, and that all the aforementioned objectives were successfully achieved. The camping was not only a necessary break from the monotony of classroom work, but as far as surveying goes, each member of the group acknowledges the immense hands-on experience acquired in the course of the survey camp. The exercises the group undertook in the two-week period were quite comprehensive and all-encompassing, and the members had a taste of how real-life survey works. Also, the members not only proved that they can work under pressure and produce results, the exercise also provided a necessary boost to their confidence as surveyors, as they came to the realization that they are capable of partaking common survey operations and deliver as expected. Though some of the results veered slightly from the expectations, the deadlines were also met.
Recommendations
The group recommends an upgrade to the equipment, lest we come across as technologically averse graduates in the field, where technological advancements are extremely dynamic. We appreciated the use of the conventional methods of surveying but a combination of both the conventional and modern equipments would make us even better surveyors.