...PROGRAM FRAMEWORK WITHIN THE NONPROFIT Program Framework within the Nonprofit Organization: How to Create a Successful Nonprofit Khalid Abuhassan, Helen Alexander, Tanaya Horne, Andrew Lang, Lisa Long, Joshua Wheeler Liberty University Abstract The program framework of a nonprofit organization is the planning foundation that it is built on. The authors of this paper recognize the importance of creating a strong blueprint from which a nonprofit is then realized. An explanation factoring each step of the strategic planning process from a start-up perspective is followed by the authors applying the newly acquired knowledge to broadly create a “mock” foundation. Program Framework within the Nonprofit Organization: How to Create a Successful Nonprofit Harvard Kennedy School’s curriculum for one of their nonprofit classes states that “Strategic Frameworks for Nonprofit Organizations is designed to help nonprofit and NGO leaders use strategic management frameworks to improve their organizations.” (Letts, 2012) Smith, Bucklin & Associates, Inc. teaches: “Strategic planning is a management tool that can help focus – and periodically refocus – an organization’s vision and priorities. This planning process establishes choices about how best to accomplish the organization’s mission.” (Smith, 2000) Carl Richardson simplifies the urgency of strategic planning by asserting “An organization that is growing and hopes to sustain that growth needs a set of strategies to guide...
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...society and human necessities. Nonprofit organizations function on responsibilities to society, profit organizations function on responsibilities to themselves. Nonprofit organizations foundation is the “pluralistic theory, it means that a mosaic of agencies try to meet the needs”, of others. Citizens view themselves as benevolent and truly care for others, their needs, and are ready at moments’ notices to assist with solving their basic needs. Charity dates back to the new world in New England as religious missions, and the people providing the services were referred to as overseers of the poor. The overseers sought basic necessities of life to allow the needed short term relief during distress of the poor. The public view of nonprofit organizations is a complex sociological concert and is a solid foundation of real return of resources. Nonprofit organizations have interactions with mutual benefits and it structure (“History and Theory” 2010). GOVERNANCE “Governance in South Africa” (2013) defined governance as the act of governing, it is what governing bodies do (govern). Governance deals with decisions which defines expectation, validates performance or awards power. It is a portion of the decision making process or the leadership process. Governance deals with the quality of governance within an organization and is compared to standard of good governance. When speaking of nonprofit organizations governance looks at management, intransigent policies, and responsibilities...
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...The 2011 Barcelona European Academic Conference Barcelona, Spain 2011 A Study Of Consumer Behavior Of Elderly Consumers With Special Reference To Green Products S.D.Singh, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India ABSTRACT This paper focuses on studying the consumer behavior of elderly customers for green products, the so called ‘environmental friendly products.’ The researcher also highlights the emerging awareness of elderly consumers about the green products. This concern has started showing the trends in their purchasing patterns. This paper also identifies the factors affecting their buying behavior. Keywords: Green marketing; Green Products; Consumer behavior INTRODUCTION According to American Marketing Association (AMA), Green marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally safe. Thus, Green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the packaging as well as modifying advertizing. Hence, green marketing refers to holistic marketing concept wherein the production, marketing, consumption and disposal of products and services happen in a manner that is less detrimental to the environment. Over the years, a majority of consumers have realized that their behavior had a direct impact on environment. There is a growing amount of evidence indicating that consumers are choosing products or avoiding others based on their impact on the natural environment. Consumer behavior is the study of how...
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...TEKNOLOGI MARA, SHAH ALAM FACULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT MASTERS OF BUSINESS ASMINISTRATION (BM 770) MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING (ACC 770) INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT: CONTEMPORARY MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING (CONCENTRATION AREA: TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT) PREPARED BY: STUDENT ID.: PREPARED FOR: NURWAHIDA BT. MOHD. YAAKUB 2009782101 DR. AZIZAH BT. ABDULLAH SUBMISSOION DATE: 10 FEBRUARY 2010 Table of Contents Contents Chapter One: Introduction to Contemporary Managerial Accounting Concepts 1. 2. Value Chain a. Just in Time (JIT) b. Total Quality Management (TQM) c. Theory of Constraints 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Target Costing Kaizen Costing Life Cycle Costing (LCC) Pricing Methods Uses and Limitations of Cost-Based and Market-Based Pricing Factors Affecting Prices Pricing Models for Not-for-Profit Organizations 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 Page Chapter Two: Total Quality Management (TQM) – an Introduction and Its Applications Chapter Three: Conclusion Appendix 1: References 12 23 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS Over the years, the managerial accounting practices had evolved. From the traditional costing method, many firms now have adopted the contemporary managerial practices to achieve better product costing and manufacturing processes. There are many contemporary managerial accounting in practice, some of them being Value Chain, Just-In-Time (JIT) Manufacturing, Total Quality Management (TQM) and the Theory of Constraints (TOC). All...
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...conducted an interactive Workshop on Ethics in Business in August 2010, which was very successful. A year later in August 2011, on popular demand, Spinlondon organised a Round-Table discussion on the subject of Ethics which eventually led to planning and conducting a Panel Discussion event on Ethics in the Workplace. This short report highlights some key points from an exciting and thought provoking discussion that took place on the evening of 11th of October 2011 in London at the Accenture offices on the topic of Ethics in the Workplace. The diverse panel consisted of representatives from Reed Smith, Diverse Ethics, Institute of Business Ethics, Accenture and Centre for Social Brilliance and a very participative and enthusiastic audience. 2 Testimonial “I had a very engaging time discussing business ethics with the panellists and attendees. I am always impressed by how deeply our people care about ethics and values in the workplace, and I think we all know that without integrity and values, we have no business. I found it quite interesting how several panellists noted that more and more, new employees are looking for an ethical organization to join … I think that in the coming war for talent, the values posture of the company will be a key differentiator which sets the successful apart.” Jay Mumford Director, Office of Ethics & Compliance, Accenture 3 Ethics in the Workplace This event provided an opportunity to discuss the relevance of ethics in the modern professions...
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...close business match. The ratio has been chosen to show profitability. Efficiency, Liquidity, Financial gearing and investment Black, (2009). To begin with, Sainsbury’s and TESCO operate in the UK grocery sector, with both companies classed in the big-4 supermarkets. According, to the latest Kantar Worldplanel (2014) report, TESCO held 29.6% of the UK grocery market in top place, while Sainsbury held 17% of the market, holding third place after ASDA. Furthermore, both companies have business in other services, including clothing, non-food items, banking and insurance services as well as international operations for TESCO. According, to Sainsbury’s latest Annual Report (2014), total revenue (all – UK) amounts to £23.949Billion, with non- food and banking making up a much bigger proportion of sales, Sainsbury’s (2014). In comparison, with Tesco’s latest Annual Report (2014), sales from non-Uk markets represent £63.557Billion. Ratio Analysis and Key Highlights of the Report In this report, ratio analysis has been conducted to evaluate the profitability and performance of the two retail companies, TESCO and Sainsbury. In other words, this analysis will help to understand the ratios and will be used to make interpretations about both company’s condition. According, to Maheshwari et al (2011), “Financial statements are prepared with the objective of knowing the profitability and financial...
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...“Best Perspectives to Human Resource Management” Author: Arrey Mbongaya Ivo ©2006 African Centre for Community and Development (www.africancentreforcommunity.com ) All rights reserved. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction, Perspectives in Management and the genesis of Human Resource Management 1.1 Scientific or Closed management, Human Relations or Semi open system, Open System or Contingency system 1.2 Personnel management/ Personnel Manager 1.3 The genesis of Human Resource Management(HRM)/Defining Human Resource Management 1.4 What is ‘Hard’ and ‘Soft’ HRM? 1.5 The Debate between Human Relations(HR) and Human Resource Management(HRM) 1.6 The Human Resource Manager and his role 2.0 Attempting a framework for Human Resource Management(HRM) 2.1 Using HRM as a style, a strategy and an outcome 2.2 Is HRM a restatement of Personnel Management? 2.3 Is HRM a new managerial discipline? 2.4 HRM as a resource-based dimension of management 2.5 The Strategic and international possibilities of HRM 3.0Using some models of HRM to critically assess HRM “Hard” and “Soft” Approaches. 3.1The Harvard Model 3.2The Michigan Model 3.3Guest comparative models 3.4The ‘Choice Model’ and its benefits. 4.0The influence of senior management and their Effectiveness 4.1 policy makers 4.2 senior managers and their frames of reference 4.3 The more effective the better the policies 4.4 The Japanese example 5.0 Conclusion, limitations and proposals 5.1HRM a widespread contemporary, evolving & contingent...
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...Building a New India The Role of Organized Retail in Driving Inclusive Growth Building a New India: The Role of Organized Retail in Driving Inclusive Growth A The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) is a global management consulting firm and the world’s leading advisor on business strategy. We partner with clients in all sectors and regions to identify their highest–value opportunities, address their most critical challenges, and transform their businesses. Our customized approach combines deep insight into the dynamics of companies and markets with close collaboration at all levels of the client organization. This ensures that our clients achieve sustainable competitive advantage, build more capable organizations, and secure lasting results. Founded in 1963, BCG is a private company with 71 offices in 41 countries. For more information, please visit www.bcg.com. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works to create and sustain an environment conducive to the growth of industry in India, partnering industry and Government alike through advisory and consultative processes. CII is a non–government, not–for–profit, industry led and industry managed organisation, playing a proactive role in India’s development process. Founded over 115 years ago, it is India’s premier business association, with a direct membership of over 8100 organisations from the private as well as public sectors, including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 90,000 companies from around...
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...Contingency theory is perceived by some scholars as a fragmentation of various ideals patched together into a theory of management accounting, nevertheless, it should be recognised that it provides a wealth of knowledge into contemporary management accounting practices. Contingency theory provides enhanced information to the individual which ultimately improves decision making and assists in achieving organisational objectives (Hamas and Lääts, 2002, p. 379). This theory has invaluably provided research evidence that are attributable to contemporary management accounting knowledge and designs. It has provided a profound method to adjust to ever changing external environments and the need for changes in internal factors (Otley, 1980, p. 413). Strengths of contingency theory style research Challenging the criticisms of contingency theory for being fragmentary and contradictory due to its methodological limitations, it is the failure of critiques in realising the many different forms of management accounting designs under the contingency approach and the relationships between those design which have perpetuated this idea (Gerdin and Greves, 2004, p.303). Attention should be shifted to the concepts under which contingency theory has been applied. Contingency theory in its simplest form highlights that an organisation’s structure is conditional upon contextual factors such as environment, strategy and size. One of its key strengths is a congruence approach that it represents...
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...Corporate Reporting | | British American Tobacco was founded in 1902 and just 10 years after incorporation it was one of the world’s top 12 companies in terms of market capitalization. The group is the world’s second largest stock market listed tobacco group. With products being sold in over 180 markets worldwide, they have market leadership in over 50 markets. They have had a significant global occupancy in over a century and in 2011 alone, its subsidiaries had a sale of 705 billion cigarettes. They have 46 cigarette factories spread over 39 countries. (British American Tobacco, 2012) They employ a workforce of over 55,000 people worldwide. They work internationally with thousands of farmers, securing 70% of their raw material directly from farmers.. They have the most vertically integrated supply chain in the tobacco industry.(British American Tobacco, 2012) In 2011, the group agreed to purchase privately-owned Protabaco, the second largest cigarette company in Colombia. The deal was worth US$452 million and was internally financed. The group also set up a new company called Nicoventures, to develop and test alternative nicotine products. (The Financial Times, 2011) In December 2012, British American Tobacco acquired CN Creative, a UK-based start-up which specializes in the development of ecigarettes, for an undisclosed sum. (The Financial Times, 2012) Tobacco Industry: Tobacco companies have to deal with a highly competitive marketplace and despite the adversity...
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... A New Look At Management Accounting Mohammad Talha, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia John B. Raja, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia A. Seetharaman, S P Jain Center of Management, Singapore ABSTRACT This paper presents a comparison of the traditional management accounting with the new approach of management accounting with the use of latest information technology and manufacturing technologies. The information and data of the research were gathered from various sources of secondary data. Many online articles and journals were available through these search engines such as Google, Infoseek, Lycos, Excites and Altavista. These articles were downloaded from Internet Websites including IFAC library, CPA online newsletters, Institute of Management Accountants, CIMA (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants), Technical Bulletin and Institute of Commercial and Financial Accountants. The modern techniques used in Management Accounting are discussed. TQM (Total Quality Management), ABC (Activity Based Costing) and BSC (Balanced score card) are some of the tools that are introduced in management accounting to keep up with the latest technology. This research highlights the emergence of new, more proactive management accounting that increasingly becomes part of the management team with the business process. The future roles and expectations of these accountants in the competitive global economy are discussed. Keywords: Management accounting, Standard...
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...1.1 Describe the purpose of performance management and its relationship to business objectives. Performance management can be defined as “a continuous process, which contributes to the effective management of individuals and teams in order to achieve high levels of organisational performance. As such, it establishes shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an approach to leading and developing people which will ensure that it is achieved” (Armstrong & Baron, 2014). Performance management should be implemented as a strategy which can relate to all aspects of the organisation and it should run in parallel to the organisations HR policies, culture, style and communication infrastructure; hence why it will vary from business to business. When managing performance it should be taken into account that it can often be a complicated notion, and sometimes difficult to measure. Campbell 1990 suggested that performance is the outcome of three determinants: 1. Declarative knowledge 2. Procedural knowledge and skills 3. Motivation Therefore then assessing and rewarding performance a number of different factors will have to be taken into account including both outputs (results – i.e. turnover figures etc.) and inputs (behaviours – i.e. motivation). Effective performance management will ensure that employees working for the organisation will be aware of what the business aims to achieve and their role in helping them achieve these goals. It should also let them...
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...facility management at Saxion by identifying the needs of international students residing at the University’s accommodation facilities. This thesis will advise Saxion director of facility management on how to incorporate sustainability in its facility management practices in order to minimize life-cycle costs of assets, preserve the environment, and better the lives of employees and other stakeholders such as students, teachers and suppliers. Project objective formulation: The facility management process at Saxion University has no sustainability component associated with it. However, the facility management profession has reached a stage in which sustainability is indispensable. Therefore Saxion University will like to know how to incorporate sustainability into its facility management process. This thesis is to help gain insight, identify, and understand the barriers and gaps which inhibit the inclusion of sustainability in current facility management at Saxion University as well as to provide foundational information on how sustainable facility management can be designed for people from different cultures (international students). Findings from this thesis will form the basis of recommendations to the Saxion facility management directorate. Some of the expected recommendations include i) how to overcome the inhibitors of sustainable facility management, ii) how to incorporate sustainability into facility management process, iii) how sustainable facility management can be...
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...South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases http://bmc.sagepub.com/ Business Turnaround Plan: The Experience of Malaysia Airlines Herwina Rosnan and Razmah Mahmod South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 2012 1: 211 DOI: 10.1177/2277977912459444 The online version of this article can be found at: http://bmc.sagepub.com/content/1/2/211 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Birla Institute of Management Technology Additional services and information for South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases can be found at: Email Alerts: http://bmc.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://bmc.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://bmc.sagepub.com/content/1/2/211.refs.html Downloaded from bmc.sagepub.com at Fachhochschule Kufstein on December 3, 2013 >> Version of Record - Jan 8, 2013 What is This? Downloaded from bmc.sagepub.com at Fachhochschule Kufstein on December 3, 2013 Case Business Turnaround Plan: The Experience of Malaysia Airlines Herwina Rosnan Razmah Mahmod South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 1(2) 211–221 © 2012 Birla Institute of Management Technology SAGE Publications Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC DOI: 10.1177/2277977912459444 http://bmc.sagepub.com Abstract Malaysia Airlines (MAS) is the Malaysian national air carrier. It...
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...Journal of Economics, Business and Management, Vol. 1, No. 1, February 2013 Corporate Social Responsibility to Reflect Organization‟s Corporate Identity: A Content Analysis Musdiana Mohamad Salleh, Nabsiah Abdul Wahid, and Malliga Marimuthu Abstract—The authors propose corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a useful element in reflecting an organization’s corporate identity (CI) to its target audiences. The inclusion of CSR highlights organization’s role as a ‘good’ citizen in society and is the basis for any beneficial exchanges between the parties. Content analyses on CSR of 10 top ranked Malaysian companies supported this proposition. Index Terms—Corporate social responsibility, corporate identity, content analysis. effort in integrating their stakeholders‟ social and environmental expectations and/or concerns into their daily operations and their interaction with the stakeholders. B. Corporate Identity Corporate identity (CI) has been used as the basis for other various corporate level concepts like image, reputation or corporate communications; and is even considered fundamental in corporate marketing field [1]-[2]. The traditional VI perspective sees CI being used at the early stage of organization‟s operation as it becomes the mean for CI transmission e.g. through logos, brand images and other visual manifestations representing them [3]. CI has evolved from this definition from focusing only on the minor elements of the organization to now emphasizing more on the core...
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