...A Justice Policy Institute Report By Barry Holman and Jason Ziedenberg The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities The Dangers of Detention: The Impact of Incarcerating Youth in Detention and Other Secure Facilities The Dangers of Detention: A Justice Policy Institute Report by Barry Holman and Jason Ziedenberg 1 The Dangers of Detention1 Introduction: The Growing Impact of Youth Detention Despite the lowest youth crime rates in 20 years, hundreds of thousands of young people are locked away every year in the nation’s 591 secure detention centers. Detention centers are intended to temporarily house youth who pose a high risk of re-offending before their trial, or who are deemed likely to not appear for their trial. But the nation’s use of detention is steadily rising, and facilities are packed with young people who do not meet those high-risk criteria—about 70 percent are detained for nonviolent offenses.2 “[F]airly viewed, pretrial detention of a juvenile gives rise to injuries comparable to those associated with the imprisonment of an adult. ” –Justice Marshall for the minority in Schall v. Martin, 1984. “Detention: A form of locked custody of youth pre-trial who are arrested— juvenile detention centers are the juvenile justice system’s version of “jail, in which most young people are being held before the court has ” judged them delinquent. Some youth in detention are there because they fail the conditions of their...
Words: 2245 - Pages: 9
...CHAPTER 11 BAIL AND BONDS 11.1 PROVISIONS AS TO BAIL AND BONDS- Provisions regarding bail can be categorised into- 1. Bailable cases; and 2. Non-bailable cases. In bailable cases, the grant of bail is a matter of duration given either by the police officer having the accused in his custody or by the court, by executing a bond and even without sureties under section 436 (1). In non-bailable cases the accused may be released on bail but bail cannot be granted where the accused appears on sensible reasons to be guilty of an offence punishable either with death or with imprisonment for life. Rule does not apply to a individual under sixteen years of age, a woman or a sick...
Words: 898 - Pages: 4
...who are in custody report nearly twice the rate of past violence and physical abuse and nearly 4 times the amount of sexual abuse as boys. For girls with histories of abuse interventions at the time of crisis lead to increased self-injury and use of physical restraints. Girls also have a higher rate of trying to run away then the boys do. The percentage of incarcerated juveniles has jumped from 20% to 60%. Kids were double, sometimes triple bunked. This is more than traumatizing for these kids especially those being help for minor infractions. The research was clear: Putting all kids who committed a crime, even if the crime was minor and they posed no threat to society what so ever, into a locked and crowded detention center increased the likelihood that they would end up...
Words: 638 - Pages: 3
...price. The Government of Accountability office found that the way the consultants were conducting the financial reports make cost savings appear greater than they really were. In 2007, a survey by the International City/County Management Association, 52% of governments ended up bringing services back because the savings did not add up. In Wisconsin, the Legislative Audit Bureau revealed that Department of Transportation for the state ended up squandered well over $ 1 million dollars by outsourcing to private contractors. The report also revealed that 60% of the outsourced positions, had they been done in-house, would have not only been cost effective but also saved the state about $1.2 million. Another myth is that private corporations tend to do a better job than the local sector. However, studies show that many private contractors fail to deliver. Many companies even leave communities without the services promised or any way to recover any assets. Another downside to this with any private corporation, they main goal is profit, by any means necessary. During 2010, Gary Indiana, they cancelled a decade long contract with its main water company, United Way. In mid-2008, the state found that the company violated the discharge limits 84 times in 2 years. Inspectors also found over 20 pieces of equipment broken and below standards as well as incomplete monitoring reports. When the state cancelled their contract with United...
Words: 628 - Pages: 3
...debate. It often takes high profile inquires, or tragic incidents to put the issue on the front pages of newspapers One document that highlights the high rates of over-representation is The Royal commission into Aboriginal death in custody, which was established in October 1987. This inquiry was mainly established to investigate the death of ninety-nine Indigenous people who died in custody over a period of nearly ten years. Despite the fact that, the issue of Indigenous over-representation is not an issue that occupies the minds of most people in Australia on a regular basis, it is a phenomenon which continues to have devastating effects on Indigenous people nation-wide, especially those who resided in rural areas. Reference: National report of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Death in custody vol.2 (p.3): History and Legislation Indigenous communities in Australia had and continue to have very different cultural notions in relation to childhood and young Aboriginal people in the past. Generally there is no the same separation or exclusion of children being treated differently from the adult world. Responsibility of children and young Aboriginal people tend to be allocated through the kinship system and the wider Aboriginal communities. (Sansom & Bains 1988; Watson 1989). There have been three modes of colonisation and neo-colonial intervention into the lives of Aboriginal people during the last two centuries. These...
Words: 2764 - Pages: 12
...Citizenship Midterm Report: United States D0393920 - Robert A. Spearman What is the human rights status in your country ? use your own word, make a brief introduction to the status and / or development of equality rights and social rights of your nation. Are there things to do to make improvement for the status? Guidelines: * Equality between sexes * Racial equality * Religion equality * Classes equality * Education right * Property Right * Environmental Right * Right to Privacy The United States of America is a country where its foundation was built up by a large diversity of religion and races from all parts of the globe. A major portion of the population however, is consisted of Caucasians, or in simpler words, white people. The US history was and still is full of conflicts between different races and major disputes between people of different skin colors. One of the major issues from its past is the slave system before and during the Civil War. We also had a deep history of keeping balance between sexes and justice rights. These problems are still addressed in the present day although compared to the past being fewer, still remain occurring in the country’s barriers and are in need to be resolved. The United States is far from being a perfect country, it never was one, and still needs years to come in order to improve. One of the key topics to be addressed in this article is the abuse of the justice...
Words: 939 - Pages: 4
...respect. We believe that each person has innate worth, dignity and capacity for positive change. We value services that are ethical, effective and culturally competent. We hold high and promote a positive image of the department, the employees and our role within the community. We take pride in an environment that promotes initiative, productivity, teamwork and professional growth. We uphold to an atmosphere which stresses tolerance and is free of discrimination. We strive in developing collaborative efforts with judicial, legislative and community partners. The Harris County Juvenile Probation Department operates a Leadership Academy, a Detention Center, a secure residential treatment center and a non-secure residential treatment center. ( hcjpd. Org, 2009). The Texas Family Code, Chapter 58 requires that agencies in Texas report juvenile criminal history to the Department of Public Safety in Austin beginning January 1, 1996. The Harris County Juvenile Probation Department is committed to the protection of the public, utilizing intervention strategies that are community-based, family-oriented and least restrictive while emphasizing responsibility and accountability of both parent and child. The department handles a lot of paper work regarding information, court actions and every detail that aids the right handling of juvenile offenders....
Words: 2114 - Pages: 9
...CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF THE STATE R.A. 9372. AN ACT TO SECURE THE STATE AND PROTECT OUR PEOPLE FROM TERRORISM (THE HUMAN SECURITY ACT OF 2007) 1. It created the crime known as terrorism and declared it to be “a crime against the Filipino people, against humanity, and against the law of nations”. II. Defines the crime of terrorism to be the commission of “any of the crimes of: A. Under the Revised Penal Code. i. Piracy in general and Mutiny in the High Seas or in the Philippine Waters ii. Rebellion iii. Coup d’état iv. Murder v. Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention B. Under Special Laws i. Arson under P.D. 1613 ii. Violation of R.A. 6969 (Toxic Substance ad Nuclear Waste Control) iii. R.A. 5207 ( Atomic Energy Regulatory and Liability Act of 1968) iv. Hijacking v. Piracy in Phil. Waters and Highway Robbery vi. P.D. 1866 ( Possession and Manufacture of Firearms/explosives) thereby sowing and creating a condition of widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among the populace, in order to coerce the government to give in to an unlawful demand” III. Requirements for Terrorism A. The accused (maybe a single individual or a group) must commit any of the enumerated crimes B. There results a condition of widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among the populace i. The extent and degree of fear and panic, including the number of people affected in order to meet the term “populace”, are questions of facts...
Words: 1706 - Pages: 7
...Neorehabilitaive reforms maintain the dame framework of exclusion that created policies that increased prison populations even though the rhetoric of reform has changed. So to speak, “unless and until the public politicians develop the will to fund a reintegrative system, economic sanctions may be another alternative to incarceration implemented in the wrong way despite the ally’s efforts to the contrary.” (Eaglin, J pp. 1851) In regards to describing alternatives to incarceration that juvenile courts currently use, some of the best practices point to “the use of standardized risk-assessment instruments, which can objectively determine which young people pose a danger to society. Such assessments can limit and target the use of detention and secure placement and make the use of...
Words: 747 - Pages: 3
...Jails and Prisons August 12, 2013 Jails and Prisons Prisons are identified by federal, state, or private facilities, and are classified by security levels. Security levels in state go from level one to four acting as maximum, federal level one acting as a maximum to level five acting as an administrative, special needs unit. Private prisons are contracted by the state and federal ones to reduce spending. Jails and prisons both house inmates however, have a distinct difference. Jail is for the low level convicted, non-convicted, protected and a holding place for the Jails mentally ill. Jails, such as the Fresno County jails operate to protect the immediate community. Prison is strictly for the convicted. California state prison Corcoran houses the convicted and commits to wellness of the inmates through medical, dental, and educational needs. Inmates in prison and jail adapt to the environment around them and commit to the prisonization culture discussed later in the paper. * * Prisons in the Unites States are identified as federal, state, or privately run institutions. Within each of the institutions prisons are classified by security levels. The security levels in state prisons range from level one through four. Level four houses the higher security level inmates. State prisons also provide special security housing units for inmates with special needs, such as mental health, disabilities, high threat levels, and protective custody. Federal prisons operate with...
Words: 1088 - Pages: 5
...THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM CHAPTER ONE Chapter Outline Origins of the Juvenile Justice System Juvenile Court Jurisdiction Defining Delinquency Defining a Juvenile Chapter Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. 2. Explain what is meant by delinquency. 3. Explain what is meant by status offenses. 4. Compare the ways in which the various states define a juvenile. 5. Identify and define the unique terms used in the juvenile justice system. 6. Outline the three major steps in the juvenile justice process. 7. Describe the five decision points in the juvenile justice process. The Language of Juvenile Justice Overview of the Juvenile Justice System Law Enforcement and Other Referral Sources Juvenile Court Disposition Comparison of Juvenile and Criminal Justice Systems 8. Compare and contrast the juvenile and criminal justice systems. 3 4 PART ONE Juvenile Justice and Delinquency in the United States Origins of the Juvenile Justice System Before the establishment of the juvenile justice system, courts and judges treated juveniles as adults and, in many instances, juvenile offenders received the same punishment as adults. There was only one system of justice in the United States, and all offenders were processed through it without regard to age. Under common law doctrine, the legal system the American colonists brought from England, a juvenile age seven or older could receive the same...
Words: 8330 - Pages: 34
...Privatization of Prisons Private Prison, Inc. Introduction America has been getting tougher on lawbreakers. This is something that the public long has been demanding. The problem it creates, however, is a shortage of prison capacity to hold the increased numbers of convicted criminals. This has led to: prison overcrowding, sometimes prompting court actions against penal systems; rapidly rising operational outlays; and taxpayer resistance to the cost of new prisons. A partial answer to the problems of prison overcrowding and high costs may be the "privatization" of prisons. Costs and overcrowding problems are the driving force behind the privatization phenomenon. As a national average, it costs roughly $20,000 per year to keep an inmate in prison. There are approximately 650,000 inmates in state and local prisons. This costs taxpayers an estimated $18 billion each year. More than two thirds of the states are facing serious overcrowding problems, and many are operating at least 50 percent over capacity. Cost comparisons between private and government operation of prisons show frequent cost savings under private management. While the national average cost to hold a prisoner in a government run prison is $40 per inmate a day, many privately run prisons charge the governments on average lower fees. U.S. Corrections Corporation (USCC), a private company headquartered in Louisville charges Kentucky charges a daily fee of $25 per inmate. In their first year of operation in...
Words: 3474 - Pages: 14
...CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal justice assessment toolkit 1 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit UNITED NATIONS New York, 2006 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations, the Secretariat and Institutions of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Belgian 2006 OSCE Chairmanship concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUE ..................................................................................... 1 2. OVERVIEW: GENERAL AND STATISTICAL DATA ......................................................... 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2 OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY AND PRISON SYSTEM.............................................. 5 PRISON POPULATION ........................................................................................... 6 PROFILE OF PRISON POPULATION..................................................................... 6 QUALITY OF DATA ......................................
Words: 26294 - Pages: 106
...Introduction 3 Population of Mentally Ill Inmates in the Correctional Facilities 3 Mentally ill inmates: The Cost 4 The Treatment of Mentally Ill Inmates 6 Selection Process for Mentally Ill Inmates 7 Isolation and Restraints 9 Conclusion 11 References 12 Introduction When a person thinks about a correction facility many only think that there is only regular criminals that are perfectly well, but what they neglect to know is that it is also housed with mentally ill inmates as well. Many of the people has been brained washed by media and movies that prisoners are to be normal criminals who have done things wrong in which has lead into a correction facility but what the fail to publicize is that they are also house by people who are not mentally stable, and who may receive different treatment from regular inmates. Correctional facilities have many types of inmates and undergo various dilemmas therefore they must try to deal with the cost of the inmates, provide different treatment and must undergo special screening in order to determine if they are ill or not. Population of Mentally Ill Inmates in the Correctional Facilities The country that has the greatest rate of adult imprisonment is the United States; it has 2.2 million presently in the correctional facilities (Annaceri, 2007). Individuals with psychological problems have been progressively more imprisoned within the last three decades, most likely the consequence of the deinstitutionalization of the state psychological...
Words: 2481 - Pages: 10
...men in a moving private bus, where one of the assaulters was a 17 and half year old. These incidents have shocked the conscience of humanity. The tragic link between the three cases across different jurisdictions is increasing number of heinous crimes committed by juveniles. In the first case Jordan Brown was charged for shooting and adjudicated guilty. He was initially tried as an adult but after spending three years in detention he was tried as a juvenile. In the second case, the 14 year old was initially booked into juvenile detention for rape but later was charged as an adult with heavy fine. While in the ‘Delhi Gang-Rape Case’ the 17 and half year old boy was tried as a juvenile and was sent to detention facility for a period of 3 years. Comparing the juvenile justice laws as USA had not ratified the...
Words: 1574 - Pages: 7
