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Nonviolence and Social Change

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Definitions
Civil Rights Movement- a worldwide political movement for equality before the law occurring between approximately 1950 and 1980. * The Civil Rights movement of the United States began in 1954 and “ended” in 1968
Indian independence movement- a wide spectrum of political organizations, philosophies, and movements that all aimed at ending British colonial authority in South Asia
Satyagraha- originally Sanskrit, loosely translates into “Soul Force”, “truth force”, or “holding on to truth”
Ahimsa- the avoidance of violence * An important tenet (law) of Indian religions such as: Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism
Barrister- a member of one of the two classes of lawyer found in many common law jurisdictions with split legal professions. * Specialize in courtroom advocacy, drafting legal pleadings and giving expert legal opinions.
Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2nd, 1869 in Porbandar, Bombay (then apart of Presidency, British India. He was the son of the diwan or Prime Minister of the Porbander state. He married at age 13, as was custom in the region and had his first child at 15. When he was 18, Gandhi travelled to London, England to study law at University College London and to train as a barrister. Gandhi first employed civil disobedience while an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, during the resident Indian community's struggle there for civil rights. During this time, he wrote articles for Indian newspapers about black people that some modern readers consider racist. After his return to India in 1915, he organised protests by peasants, farmers, and urban labourers concerning excessive land-tax and discrimination. After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, end untouchability, and increase

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