...What Made Nonviolence Work? Nonviolence should be tolerated and has 3 leaders to back it up. What paths did it take for Gandhi, King, and Mandela to achive thier goals? Three main ideas in this essay included Breaking laws, Maintaining disipline, and Accepting jail time. Breaking laws included nonviolent protests. This form of disobedience took place when Gandhi fought for his freedom. This shows how motivational Gandhi was and how he created change through Civil disobedience. In document one written by Gandhi, it explains the Salt March, and how laws were broken during that time. Nonviolence has more of a necessity than an option for these people. Nonviolence is handled in methods of principles vs tactics. This second bit of information comes from document 3, where Nelson Mandela wrote his thoughts about nonviolence. Mandela called this form of nonviolence Saryagraha a tactic, that seeks tkok conquer through conversion. Nonviolence is expressed through many thoughts and ideas. Basically, if you didn't abey, you were beaten. If you refused to be beaten, then you were beaten worse. They maintained their disipline throughout. In May of 1930 Webb Miller expressed how crule, and brutal beating were. It says that the western mind finds it difficult to grasp nonresistance (Doc 4). The definence of unjust laws was dangerous. This point was expressed from Mandela (Doc 6). In document 4 the basic idea is to show the truth of things. It was harder in india than it was here. ...
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...Negative nonviolence includes non-cooperation, civil disobedience, breaking unjust laws, declaring and practising autonomy. And positive nonviolence includes clearing the past through conciliation, the present through mediation of dangerous conflicts, and building a future through equitable participation in positive projects. They are not mutually exclusive. Gandhi and Martin Luther King used both. Obviously, both forms refrain from direct physical violence. But negative nonviolence may include symbolic violence like “rude gestures, taunting, haunting officials” (from Gene Sharp’s “The Politics of Nonviolent Action”. Sharp deserves credit for his outstanding work to make such techniques well known -but is it nonviolence?). By contrast, positive nonviolence insists on nonviolent speech and thought, something beyond the psychological capacity of many. How can I be against them and for them at the same time?Yet there is a fifth form of nonviolence, developed by...
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...Throughout the life of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the idea that Justice is a Journey prevails as a recurring theme. In both his speeches and the documentary, King demonstrates his desire for a more peaceful world where the use of violence is simply unnecessary. Although many doubted that his stance of nonviolence would be successful, the outcome of his approach was very effective. He states, “I’ve been to the mountaintop and we will get to the promised land,” which shows that this ideal world is a possibility but getting there will be a journey. Through the use of nonviolence and civil disobedience, Dr. King serves as a significant model for a strong social justice character. In each of the marches and planned protests organized by King,...
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...After the start of World War II, there were laws made in which men had to register through a new classification system. This was passed by Congress after the United States joined the war and was known as the Selective Training and Service Act. This act had several classifications given to the people, which had required some to be drafted to war without a choice. More specifically, the classifications were noted in this document and said, “A person given the 1-A classification was at the top of the conscription list; 4-F meant the person was physically unable to enter the military. The act also assigned two classifications for those opposed to the war: 1-AO, for people who would be willing to work in the medical corps, and 4-E, ...for those...
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...trespassing, and picketing. Dr. King was not dissuaded by the judge and marched in spite of the injunction, and was arrested in result. Days later, clergymen wrote an article condemning Dr. King for hypocrisy and breaking the law. In response to the article, Dr. King wrote the “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” in which he clarified the difference between a just and unjust law, stating we, as human beings, have “not only a legal, but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust...
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...Atlanta and could not stand idly by while there was injustice in Birmingham. He said, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly” (King, 2006). “He wanted to carry the gospel of freedom” (King, 2006). King claimed without direct action there would be no change. 2. King lists four steps to nonviolent campaigns. Name them. “There are four basic steps to any non-violent campaign collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self- purification; and direct action” (King, 2006). King said there were just and unjust laws and legally and morally he had to obey a just law as much as disobeying an unjust law (King, 2006). How did these flow from King’s Christian ethical principles? King said, “One has not only a legal but a moral...
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...background essay to gain more knowledge about these men. Answers should be typed. Plagiarized responses will receive no credit. Document D Questions: 1. What non-violent tactic is being threatened by Gandhi to protest the salt tax? 2. What is civil disobedience? 3. Provide an example of civil disobedience. 4. Inference: Why did Gandhi write the letter to Lord Irwin, telling him in advance what he intended to do? 5. What are the risks of civil disobedience to society? Document E Questions: 1. What is a lunch counter sit-in? 2. Is a lunch counter sit-in an example of civil disobedience? Why? 3. Explain the difference between a strike and a boycott? 4. How does King justify breaking the law at his trial? Examine the Picture 5. What can you tell me about the sit-in and the times from Blackwell’s photo? Explain. a. b. c. Document F Questions: 1. Does the document provide evidence that Mandela supported civil disobedience? Explain. 2. Did Mandela believe that acts of civil disobedience must be non-violent? 3. Under what circumstances might have Mandela supported violence? 4. Think: What does Mandela mean when he says that non-violence is a practical option rather than a moral necessity? Document G, H, I 1. Identify the idea that is common to all three documents? 2. Would you have been able to maintain total discipline at Dharsana? Explain. Documents...
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...semester grade. Read the background essay to gain more knowledge about these men. Answers should be typed. Plagiarized responses will receive no credit. Document D Questions: 1. What non-violent tactic is being threatened by Gandhi to protest the salt tax? 2. What is civil disobedience? 3. Provide an example of civil disobedience. 4. Inference: Why did Gandhi write the letter to Lord Irwin, telling him in advance what he intended to do? 5. What are the risks of civil disobedience to society? Document E Questions: 1. What is a lunch counter sit-in? 2. Is a lunch counter sit-in an example of civil disobedience? Why? 3. Explain the difference between a strike and a boycott? 4. How does King justify breaking the law at his trial? Examine the Picture 5. What can you tell me about the sit-in and the times from Blackwell’s photo? Explain. a. b. c. Document F Questions: 1. Does the document provide evidence that Mandela supported civil disobedience? Explain. 2. Did Mandela believe that acts of civil disobedience must be non-violent? 3. Under what circumstances might have Mandela supported violence? 4. Think: What does Mandela mean when he says that non-violence is a practical option rather than a moral necessity? Document G, H, I 1. Identify the idea that is common to all three documents? 2. Would you have been able to maintain total discipline at Dharsana? Explain. Documents J, K, L 1. What...
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.... . think that they ought to wait until they have persuaded the majority to alter them . . .Why is it not more apt to anticipate and provide for reform?” Thoreau argues that if a law is wrong, it’s wrong, whether or not the majority agrees doesn’t matter. Kim Davis, a Kentucky clerk, argued the same thing when she refused to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. Although not everyone may agree with her, she clearly embodied civil disobedience as she resisted a federal law and was jailed temporarily. Ultimately, these three share the similarity of peacefully fighting against laws they consider immoral. Together, they showed the power that civil disobedience can have at turning hearts. Peaceful resistance to unjust laws serves as a moral checkup for a society, demonstrating its positive impact. Laws are created to serve and protect. They are meant to provide citizens with services they need and to protect them against crimes and infringements upon their rights. When laws break this social contract and are immoral and unfair, they must be peacefully resisted. This resistance will benefit society by promoting change in government and in people’s hearts. What is right never changes although the majority opinion...
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...Black Americans experienced a radical change in their goals, strategies, and support of the civil rights movement during the 1960s due to the eruption of new leaders, sympathetic presidents, radical groups, and a rejuvenation of history and heritage. From the “separate but equal” laws of Plessy v. Ferguson and the Jim Crow Laws of the late 1800’s, the new goals of Martin Luther King Jr. would strive to change African American civil rights through non violence and revealing oppression, while other groups would emphasize the embracement of black culture, both still against the oppression in the United States. Strategies were born from MLK’s ideals, about demonstrating to the American people the horror of oppression, while the Black Power movement...
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...to create logical reasoning that is supported by sources and give his claims more credibility. He supports his logical reasoning that he is allowed to break some laws because laws are unjust and just. He uses the definition of unjust and just laws by Christian philosophers. Therefore he can break the unjust laws because they are laws that are “out of harmony with the moral law (or the law of God as mentioned in the previous sentence).” He, also, refutes the logic used in “A Call for Unity”. They say that because the action of peaceful protest precipitates violence it should be condemned. He asks, “Isn’t this like condemning a robbed man because his possession of money precipitated the evil act of robbery?” He is appealing to the logical reasoning of the reader and also rejecting the logical appeals of his...
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...Famous Thinkers All famous thinkers have a few things in common that make them achieve the level of greatness they acquire through life. Creative ideas are the foundation of the creative process (Goodman and Fritchie, 2011). Many of these ideas revolve around finding a solution to a problem, or changing the way people think about approaching issues. The two famous thinkers this paper will examine—Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), and Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) each used the creative process to change the way people viewed the issues of the day. They each made specific contributions to society during difficult social times. The subject of this paper will examine the specific problems or ideas both of these famous thinkers sought to solve, and the solutions they came up with for implementation. The ideas and solutions met with interference from people opposing the change, and many of the solutions were is a constant state of refinement, but their individual solutions all met the test of logic, enabling them to overcome the difficulties and opposition to resolutions. The thinking of these two men went a long way in changing the way people thought, and shaped the outcome of their individual issues for the better. Russell for analytical philosophy based in realism, and King in defeating the injustice of segregation and inequality. Both men looked at the problem in different ways to find different perspectives that no one else had visited. They both were able to visualize...
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...Peaceful resistance to laws for the benefit of the greater good have a positive impact on free society. Even in a democracy, when necessary, peaceful resistance holds the government accountable. Sometimes laws are legally right but morally wrong. Yet, the government appears stronger than individuals, and peaceful resistance is the only way to restore the balance of power to achieve social justice. While it is a not always successful in accomplishing its initial goal, peaceful resistance draws attention to the issue, changes the hearts and minds of others, and potentially creates a real change in the long-term. Civil disobedience is a not a recent concept, since it has been used throughout history, from the Plebeians protest at the Sacred...
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...Nonviolence was the key to tactical victories won in this era. And the Constitution of the United States was the anchor that provided guarantees that non-violent tactics were legally defensible to provide the gains necessary. People were willing to violate local laws because they believed they answered to a higher law, the Constitution. Students should become aware of the hardships faced by people who were willing to risk job and home and even life to win the prize of justice, self-respect and fair treatment. What gains were made during this decade of marches, meetings, jailings, sit-ins and freedom rides? My unit presents five themes, in the context of barriers to overcome: A. SOCIAL BARRIERS. Racial prejudices and fears that led to the formation of the Ku Klux Klan; fears of black-white race-mixing, culminating in the murder of Emmett Till in Mississippi in 1955. Why did the Till case become a national scandal? Tills mother said, The murder of my son has shown me that what happens to any of us, anywhere in the world, had better be the business of all of us. B. EDUCATIONAL BARRIERS. Implementation of the Brown decision in Little Rock produced heroes and villains like Orval Faubus, Daisy Bates and Thurgood Marshall. What was it like for Mrs. Bates after she was struck by a rock thrown through her living room window with a note, Stone this time. Dynamite next? The confrontation achieved historic proportions when President Eisenhower reluctantly brought in federal...
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...Freedom Riders were a group of 7 African American people and 6 whites that protested against racial segregation. Most of the riders were college students and members of the CORE which stands for Congress of racial Equality. The CORE was founded in the early 1960s which focused on political idea of black national and separatism. Another great organization is the SNCC which stands for Student of Nonviolence Coordinating Committee. The SNCC was founded in April 1960 by young kids that were involved in the sit-ins that were beaten. Page-2 On May 4 1961 the freedom rides started in Washington DC and they also went through Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, New Orleans and Louisiana and through time they improved their numbers by having...
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