...Jean-Paul Sartre claims that man is completely free. To understand what this statement means, this essay will look at Existentialist philosophy and evaluate the central concepts namely freedom, anguish, abandonment and despair. Through analysing Sartre’s lecture entitled ‘Existentialism and Humanism’ and his book, ‘Being and Nothingness’ this essay will explain what he meant by this statement and will argue that while man is free to a certain extent, he is not completely free. Sartre delivered his lecture in a time of guarded optimism and unrest. The truth about the Nazi power and Auschwitz had just become known and the first atomic bomb had been dropped. People were becoming aware of how evil others could be and were looking for answers. There was a need to re-examine life as they knew it and Sartre, through Existentialism, offered a new approach to life. While Sartre himself later repudiated parts of his lecture it still remains his most widely read writing. (Philosophynow.org, 2016) Sartre used the word, ‘freedom’ which would have appealed to the people of that epoch having just been freed from Nazi occupation, however he says man is condemned to be free as he believed freedom came with great responsibility. The main reason for Sartre’s lecture was to defend Existentialism against its critics who thought it would lead to ‘quietism of despair’. They thought it was contemplative and would discourage people from taking action. Due to the words he used, namely anguish, abandonment...
Words: 2709 - Pages: 11
...all of the odd and new feelings and events that occur when this new feeling occurs and hopefully to determine the extent and nature of the change. He is overwhelmed with this feeling that he explains is called nausea. The nausea occurred internally and externally when he held a chestnut, a rock, and a wet paper on the street. When he held the objects he called it “nausea of the hands.” In order to take his mind off of nausea he decides to research more about Rollebon but begins to question his own existence. He concludes that all the research his done about Rollebon justified his existence, but it was the exact opposite he had been hiding from his existence. He abandoned his research on Rollebon and focused on objects but only transparency not the actually essence of the object. His nausea roots from his perception of an objects essence, where he tries look past its essence and focus on its existence. That’s when he starts to see objects and people masked. He believed he lost a complete connection with the external world because he lived a life of solidarity. His solidarity had him believe that he only exists. His conscious mind knew of existence but an existence is nothingness. He made a friend named Self-taught man in order to not be lonely although they argued a lot they spent much time together. He then...
Words: 1073 - Pages: 5
...to the public. It was big news because a lot of people actually looked up to Lance Armstrong for fighting cancer and winning the Tour De France , but now that he has been caught and his titles have been stripped from the record books only shame is brought towards Armstrong. When the case of Lance Armstrong was released to the public there was a lot of guilt being pushed towards lance for what he has done. Not only did Lance Armstrong win the Tour De France he has overcome the battle of testicular cancer. Lance knew that overcoming cancer was tough, so he decided to make a company called livestrong, and what this company does is it raises money for research to find a cure for cancer. They have raised about 470 million dollars for cancer research. Since the drug scandal people have stopped purchasing Livestrong merchandise, which has lead to the decline in money that is being put towards cancer research,but also now nobody is purchasing Livestrong products, so they have to put a stop to the production of all Livestrong merchandise.(“Hero”) Armstrong has become a major impact bringing more people to a sport that is mainly popular in other nations but does not have a very big name for it in the United States, But now Lance lost close to all of his popularity and fame because of the drug scandal, most people do not look up to him now. Some people would say that he has a psychological problem and others would say he is still one of the best athletes there is. (“Day-to-Day”) According...
Words: 1351 - Pages: 6
...How would the human psyche respond to a cyclic universe? For this paper, I am going to demonstrate the possibility of a cyclic galaxy and the effects this could have on human perception of time. The universe is a large and complex entity. Scientists research and experiment to discover more information about the universe in either small or large ranges. The scientific community will come up with theories trying to explain the universe, and usually a large section of the scientific community will support on theory over another. An example of this is the geocentric and heliocentric galaxy’s, while the geocentric theory was much more popular in the past, it is now believed that the geocentric theory is the correct one. If the universe could be...
Words: 1482 - Pages: 6
...Assignment 1: World View Chart Writing Assignment Tanisha Hayden Professor Sean-David McGoran World Religions 212 December 14, 2015 In the course of recent weeks there has been a lot of information about how diverse religions handle numerous themes, for example, human instinct, if there is a God or divine beings, great and detestable, and different ceremonies that are imperative to perform. This paper will take a gander at all the distinctive religions that we have concentrated on and directed through the semester, yet we will be looking at one particular classification and that is of the Afterlife in these religions. The one point that I discovered the most fascinating and illuminating is the way diverse religions handle the considered passing and if there is life after death. Religion all through history has tried to lighten this worry by clarifying what happens after death while also working it into the teachings of good, malevolence, mortality, and salvation. In spite of the fact that there is a wide assortment of convictions they can be contracted down to two focal conviction designs, the thought of resurrection or the thought of the individual heading off to an alternate other worldly plane, for example, the thought of Heaven and Hell. select one (1) category from the completed World View Chart. Provide a rationale for choosing this category. The category that I thought was most intriguing was the views of the afterlife. The reason this subject was selected was to better...
Words: 1091 - Pages: 5
...The Evolution of the Universe edited by David L. Alles Western Washington University e-mail: alles@biol.wwu.edu Last Updated 2013-7-14 Note: In PDF format most of the images in this web paper can be enlarged for greater detail. 1 “If being educated means having an informed sense of time and place, then it is essential for a person to be familiar with the scientific aspects of the universe and know something of its origin and structure.” Project 2061, American Association for the Advancement of Science ---------------------------"The effort to understand the universe is one of the very few things that lifts human life a little above the level of farce, and gives it some of the grace of tragedy."—Steven Weinberg Steven Weinberg is winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979, and author of the book "The First Three Minutes". 2 Introduction Science at the beginning of the twenty-first century can make some bold, yet simple observations: 1) the universe has evolved; 2) we are a result of that evolution. “We are the first generation of human beings to glimpse the sweep of cosmic history, from the universe's fiery origin in the Big Bang to the silent, stately flight of galaxies through the intergalactic night.” (National Research Council) Order in the Universe Cosmology is the study of the evolution of the universe from its first moments to the present. In cosmology the most fundamental question we can ask is: Does our universe have intelligible regularities that...
Words: 8900 - Pages: 36
...Fear of Aging and Dying in America Hollis Phelps Liberty Developmental Psychology PSYCH 210 Dr. Shaw July 21, 2014 Fear of Aging and Dying in America Abstract The fear of aging and death is nothing new. Anthropologists, philosophers, sociologists, and psychologists are in agreement that since the beginning of mankind’s history, fear is the universal response to death. In America, the reaction is far greater striking chords of terror so horrific and becoming innately ingrained in the fabric of society to affect most every segment. This paper will look at this fear and determine the affects it has had on present day America’s behaviors toward and beliefs about the aging population and correlate it to the society’s fear of death. Everyone has heard the expression that “time flies by like the blink of an eye.” Humans have been attempting for centuries to make sense of and accept the concept of time. The great Albert Einstein, the most prolific physicist of the 20th century, in his Theory of Relativity proved that time was relative. In other words, time and it’s accepted concept of constant, continual progression at a fixed rate was incorrect or not an absolute. Einstein convinced himself and many others that the past, present, and future were only an illusion (Schwartz, 2003). However, to the majority of the world’s population, time is not a theory. It is something that propels us into old age and beyond. The subject of time has inspired many artists to attempt stopping...
Words: 2112 - Pages: 9
...Meaning and Existentialism in My Life - Existentialism is a phiosophy which revolves around the central belief that we create ourselves. External factors are not important. It is the way that we let external factors affect us that determines who we are. As individuals we all have the freedom to choose our own path and that is what life is all about. Along with the freedom of choice comes the responsibilty of one's actions which can make some people anxious but give others meaning to their lives. To overcome this anxiousness and accept responsibilty is to meet the challenges of life and to truly live it.... [tags: Existentialism, ] 675 words (1.9 pages) $14.95 [preview] Understanding Existentialism - Do we matter. Do we seek personal happiness in life. These are questions from existentialism. The dictionary defines existentialism as an individual’s experience filled with isolation in a hostile universe where a human being attempts to find true self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility. Hamlet is an existentialist character who believes that he is forced to avenge his father’s death and the hatred builds in his heart because of the many betrayals which direct him towards a senseless life and constant thoughts about suicide; this ultimately leads to his demise and he is left with naught.... [tags: Existentialism] 872 words (2.5 pages) $14.95 [preview] Life Value vs. Existentialism in Grendel - A main theme in John Gardner’s Grendel...
Words: 3737 - Pages: 15
...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter the researcher will give the topics that he will discuss. The topic of this chapter includes an introduction of the topic, statement of the problem, significance of the study, delimitation and methodology. 1. Introduction The rise of modern science had created a great impact in the lives of each individual especially in the environment where human being lives. Inclusive of this great impact, innovations in every aspect was rapid. Looking at the different angles of innovations of modern science greatly affect individuals by putting man at the center of the world. The growth of technical knowledge through application of scientific discoveries has brought human beings the luxury of spoiling their resources. Man focused more on the thing that can make him happy, feel comfortable, relax and even more have an easy life. Without all of these, he is being driven to do inhumane things like killing for the sake of having such. The absence of technology for man is misery. In this time of modern age, man is being blinded from the effects of the innovations that the modern world had introduced. He does not have any idea of his termination in the world while exhausting his body to the luxury of technology. That’s why, at certain events, man’s close encounter of death confronts him. “How many of us, though, can succeed in feeling these truths as consolations? We are not good at coping with death, especially in our contemporary materialistic age,...
Words: 2996 - Pages: 12
...discourse that refuses to conclusively resolve the tension between profit-seeking and prosociality, CSR expresses an important critical perspective which demands that firms act responsibly, while retaining the overall corporate frame of shareholder supremacy. CSR does this by ambivalently affirming both profit-seeking and prosociality, a necessary contradiction. Attempts to reduce CSR’s ambiguity can thus only succeed by undermining its viability as a normative discourse that captures how certain elements of society understand how firms should act. The analysis suggests that greater scholarly attention is needed with regard to the material discursive environments within which discourses such as CSR are deployed. A discursive approach to research could thus benefit future practitioners, who have to act according to fluid standards of responsibility that cannot be authoritatively defined, but which can be better understood than they are at present. ´ Keywords Corporate social responsibility Á Differance Á Discourse Á Jacques Derrida Á Supplementarity Á Undecidability C. Sabadoz (&) Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, 100 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5R3G3, Canada e-mail:...
Words: 13268 - Pages: 54
...mystic that Meister Eckhart excelled. In his day Meister Eckhart enjoyed success as a popular preacher and churchman of high rank in his order, the Dominicans. However, Meister Eckhart was the only theologian of the medieval period to be formally charged with heresy. The shock of his trial for heresy and the condemnation of some of his work by Pope John XXII in Argo Dominco has cast a shadow over his reputation and a lingering suspicion over his orthodoxy that has lasted to this day. This research paper will focus on the intellectual and social history of Meister Eckhart. The development in thought of any theologian emerges from the life world of the theologian. [4] The life world is formed by the meeting of the cultural, social, and religious history of the day. Theologians are continually searching for new and meaningful ways to interpret religious experience. Meister Eckhart interpreted the religious experience of his day in a way that no others at the time did. I will explore in this paper some of the intellectual forces at work at the time and how he interpreted and connected with these. Secondly, it is important to understand the social history of the time. No theologians' thought is ever formed by simply offering commentary on previous thinkers. As a preacher Meister Eckhart would certainly have been aware of the needs and various expressions of the community. I will explore some of the religious social movements that emerged from the life world of the era, particularly...
Words: 8164 - Pages: 33
...mystic that Meister Eckhart excelled. In his day Meister Eckhart enjoyed success as a popular preacher and churchman of high rank in his order, the Dominicans. However, Meister Eckhart was the only theologian of the medieval period to be formally charged with heresy. The shock of his trial for heresy and the condemnation of some of his work by Pope John XXII in Argo Dominco has cast a shadow over his reputation and a lingering suspicion over his orthodoxy that has lasted to this day. This research paper will focus on the intellectual and social history of Meister Eckhart. The development in thought of any theologian emerges from the life world of the theologian. [4] The life world is formed by the meeting of the cultural, social, and religious history of the day. Theologians are continually searching for new and meaningful ways to interpret religious experience. Meister Eckhart interpreted the religious experience of his day in a way that no others at the time did. I will explore in this paper some of the intellectual forces at work at the time and how he interpreted and connected with these. Secondly, it is important to understand the social history of the time. No theologians' thought is ever formed by simply offering commentary on previous thinkers. As a preacher Meister Eckhart would certainly have been aware of the needs and various expressions of the community. I will explore some of the religious social movements that emerged from the life world of the era, particularly...
Words: 8164 - Pages: 33
...jokes Abstract Looking back at the history, humorous language and behaviour had been treated as frivolous, ludicrous, and even evil. However, with the development of social civilization, people have gradually realized that humour actually is indispensable for our monotonous and regular life. Humour is embodied in operas, movies, writings, conversations, etc. And the most common type is humorous conversations. In many pragmatics books, lots of humorous conversations can be found, which are employed to analyze pragmatics. So we can see that humour and pragmatics are closely connected. However, papers about humorous language with a pragmatic view are comparatively only a few. Besides, most of them only focus on certain aspects of pragmatics, for example, cooperative principle. Based on the main parts of pragmatics, this paper does a comparatively detailed research on the humorous language in English conversations. At the beginning of the thesis, some popular definitions of humour are compared and a conclusion is made. Then humour is classified into four types and its functions in the social interaction are specified. Key Words: English Humour; Conversational implicature; Violation; Humorous effects 摘 要 回望历史，幽默的语言和行为都被视为琐屑无聊，很可笑，和甚至邪恶。然而，随着社会文明的发展，人们逐渐认识幽默实际上是为我们的单调和定期生活不可或缺。幽默被体现在歌剧、 电影、 文字、 对话等。最常见的类型是幽默的交谈。 在许多语用学书籍，大量的幽默对话可以被发现，是用来分析语用学。所以我们可以看到幽默和语用学紧密相连的。然而，关于幽默的语言与语用的视图文件是相对较少。此外，绝大多数人只专注于某些方面的语用学，例如，合作原则。基于语用学的主要部分，本文做了较为详细的研究在英语会话幽默的语言。 ...
Words: 5553 - Pages: 23
...Comics as Archives: MetaMetaMaus Hillary Chute | University of Chicago Abstract: In the view of some critics, the form of comics is a locus of the archival, a place where we can identify an archival turn. Art Spiegelman’s Maus first and perhaps most forcefully established the connection between archives and comics. His groundbreaking work documenting his father’s experience in WWII Poland, where he survived internment in Auschwitz, is a visual narrative based on oral testimony that consistently heightens our awareness of visual, written, and oral archives, and where they interact, overlap, or get transposed one into the other. Hillary Chute recounts and interprets her collaboration with Spiegelman in the process of assembling MetaMaus, a book compiling interviews and archival materials on the making of Maus. MetaMaus, argues Chute, reflects the tension between different kinds of extant archives—oral, written, photographic—and the cross-discursive work of (re)building new archives that motivates Maus. Its defining feature is that it shows the materiality of Spiegelman’s archive; it is about the embodiment of archives. The subject of Maus is the retrieval of memory and ultimately, the creation of memory…. It’s about choices being made, of finding what one can tell, and what one can reveal, and what one can reveal beyond what one knows one is revealing. Those are the things that give real tensile strength to the work—putting the dead into little boxes. – Art Spiegelman (MetaMaus...
Words: 10659 - Pages: 43
...CHAPTER (IN MADRID 1890) Early in August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid -Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal immediately sought help of the Filipino colony, The Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, and the liberal Spanish newspaper in securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants · El Resumen- a Madrid newspaper which sympathized with the Filipino cause, said: “To cover the ear, open the purse, and fold the arms—this is the Spanish colonial policy · La Epoca- an anti-Filipino newspaper in Madrid 1. Jose Ma. Panganiban, his talented co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, died in Barcelona on August 19, 1890, after a lingering illness 2. Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna—Luna was bitter because of his frustrated romance with Nellie Boustead. Deep in his heart, he was blaming Rizal for his failure to win her, although Rizal had previously explained to him that he had nothing to do about it. Luna uttered certain unsavory remarks about Nellie, Rizal heard him and angered by the slanderous remarks, he challenged Luna, his friend, to a duel. Fortunately, Luna realized that he had made a fool of himself during his drunken state, he apologized for his bad remarks about the girl and Rizal accepted his apology and they became good friends again 3. Rizal challenges Retana to Due l—Wenceslao E. Retana, his bitter enemy of the pen, a talented Spanish scholar, was then a press agent of the friars in Spain. He used to attack the Filipinos in various newspapers in Madrid and other cities in...
Words: 5137 - Pages: 21
