...Benchmark Assignment: Epidemiology Chickenpox Class: NRS-427V Concepts in Community and Public Health May 11, 2015 (O500) Name: Gulshan Kaur Date: May 25, 2015 What is epidemiology? Epidemiology is the study of a disease that is in a large population. There are many diseases that exist today and existed in the past that health professionals have interfered with and had these diseases come to a halt. Epidemiology isn't fully about the study of the disease itself, but it mostly comes in relation with the processes of the disease. Also not only is it about processes but it also about the cure and the curing of patients of the disease. People that inherent the epidemiological approach, they study the frequency of occurrence of the disease in the population. The epidemiologist has a belief that studying the interactions of the disease it will be possible to change and manipulate some of the determinants involved and reduce the amount of times the disease occurs in the population. One the diseases that provide epidemiologists the opportunity to study the disease and provide intervention is chicken pox. Also known as varicella, chicken pox is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus. The disease leaves patients with a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which scab over. This disease usually starts at the face and then quickly develops to the chest and back and then spreads to the rest of...
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... * Dietary changes, increased physical activity and behavior changes can help you lose weight & prevent obesity * Prescription medications and weight-loss surgery are additional options for treating obesity. (MedicineNet.com, 2015) Making changes …. * Even modest weight loss can improve or prevent the health problems associated with obesity * Dietary changes, increased physical activity and behavior changes can help you lose weight & prevent obesity * Prescription medications and weight-loss surgery are additional options for treating obesity. (MedicineNet.com, 2015) Stacy Burks Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community & Public Health NRS-427V Professor Glenda Deahl July 15, 2015 Stacy Burks Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community & Public Health NRS-427V Professor Glenda Deahl July 15, 2015 Obesity & Health Obesity & Health BMI Below 18.5 | underweight | 18.5-24.9 | Normal | 25.0-29.9 | Overweight | 30.0-34.9 | Obese class 1 | 35.0-39.9 | Obese class 2 | 40.0 & higher | Extreme obesity class 3 | A sign of obesity is a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30.0 BMI Below 18.5 | underweight | 18.5-24.9 | Normal | 25.0-29.9 | Overweight | 30.0-34.9 | Obese class 1 | 35.0-39.9 | Obese class 2 | 40.0 & higher | Extreme obesity class 3 | A sign of obesity is a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30.0 Community Resources …. * Kentucky’s Obesity Prevention Program (Partnership for...
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...Community Health-HIV Transmission and Prevention Kimberly Welch Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V Jude Belmonte June 14, 2015 Community Health-HIV Transmission & Prevention One of the most complicated and complex communicable diseases in the world population today is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is estimated that 78 million people have been infected and 39 million people have died worldwide since the virus was first identified ("AIDS statistics," 2015, para. 1). HIV is contracted by direct contact with contaminated blood or body fluids. This infection modifies and destroys the specific cells of the immune system ("HIV basics," 2015, para. 1). The result of HIV infection is the eventual progression to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease) (Klatt, 2015, p. 6). HIV and AIDS are commonly used interchangeably when discussing the disease processes in general terms, but there is a distinctive evolution that identifies the presence of HIV to the development of AIDS. Since HIV targets specific cells, massive cellular destruction leads to the state know as acquired immune deficiency syndrome ("HIV basics," 2015). HIV infection currently has no cure and once acquired. However, with early detection and use of new medication combinations, it can be managed ("HIV Treatment," 2014, para. 3). Epidemiology is the medical study of the causes and transmission of disease within a population. Epidemiologist target specific strategies...
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...Preventing Lead Exposure in Children-A Teaching Experience Samantha Vaughn Grand Canyon University NRS-427V December 20, 2015 Preventing Lead Exposure in Children-A Teaching Experience Young children are most at risk for lead poisoning primarily because of their age. Parents and caregivers need to be aware of ways to prevent lead exposure in small children. A group of young parents ages 20-30 years old attended a brief presentation about lead exposure in children. An educational pamphlet created by myself was handed out to the group. The purpose of this presentation was to give a better understanding of the dangers of lead poisoning. The group was taught simple routines to reduce the possibility of lead exposure in the environment. The presentation began with a brief introduction of lead exposure and prevention methods. After each topic, a brief question and answer discussion took place to evaluate the learning process. The presentation lasted for approximately 30 minutes, which included discussion. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), at least 4 million households have children living in them that are being exposed to lead. There are approximately half a million U.S. children ages 1-5 with blood levels greater than 5 micrograms per deciliter, which is the level the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends health actions to be carried out (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Any lead level in the...
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...CONCEPTS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY Mfon Umanah Grand Canyon University: NRS 427V 11/29/2015 Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that affects mainly the lungs, it is caused by germs that travels through the blood stream and the lymph node, TB is contagious infectious disease and can spread from person to person through the air. It can also affect brain, the kidneys, or the spine. An infected person can die if prompt treatment is not initiated. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria named Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB can be in active or inactive form, if a person with active tuberculosis of the lungs coughs or sneezes, a person who is nearby can inhale the bacteria, a casual or briefed contact with an infectious person may not lead to an infection, It takes long hours of exposure to transmit the infection, unless the contacted person is ill or have a weakened immune system. TB spread easily in a crowded environment. TB is airborne disease and can stay in the air for several hours, depending on the environment. Symptoms includes cough, with bloody sputum, chest pain especially with TB of the lungs, general symptoms of tuberculosis includes malady, weakness, fever, weight lost, excessive night sweat. Other symptoms depends on the part of the body that is affected. TB can be fatal without treatment, it typically affects your lungs, and can spread to other parts of the body through bloodstream, the following complications occurs with untreated infection; Spinal pain, a back pain and stiffness...
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...Community Teaching Experience Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V-0501 July 11, 2013 Community Teaching Experience Health education is considered to be one of the major functions of community nurse; it is a great responsibility that requires the nurse to think critically. No longer are the nurses simply accountable for administering medications and following doctors’ orders. In essence, the nurses are also educators that play a very crucial role in health promotion and assuring that the public is taking preventive measures. Although, public speaking isn’t my best attribute, I strongly believe it is integral part of nursing; as it is one of the avenues via which the nurse enables the client to make informed decision regarding one’s health practices and lifestyle choices. While obesity has become a priority healthcare issue of our nation; nurses, as community educators, share a critical role in increasing awareness of obesity and its detrimental effects. The emphasis should be focused on educating the benefits of a healthy lifestyle, such as healthy diets, and incorporating daily physical activity regimen. The importance of healthy lifestyle choices should be addressed to people of all ages. The public must be encouraged to develop more physically active routine and reduce their dietary intake of processed, high calories, high fat foods and highly sweetened beverages. Epidemiological Rationale Obesity has become a major health concern, and the numerous comorbidities...
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...The Influenza Virus Susan Helmuth Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V December 14,21014 Communicable Disease Communicable diseases have been a global problem for many years. Influenza Virus infection is an internal public health burden. This paper will include a description of influenza and the demographics involved. The health factors that contribute to the virus, the epidemiologic triage as related to the virus. The explanation of the role the community health nurse has and the organizations that addresses influenza virus. In conclusion, the community health nurse plays a major role in increasing immunization coverage, there for decreasing the communicable disease of influenza. Influenza Virus Influenza Virus also calls the Flu, is a contagious viral infection of the nose, throat, and lungs that appears most often in the winter months. It can cause mild to serve reactions. It is a serious infection that affects more than 60 million people in the United States a year. The cause of the Flu is by influenza virus. There are three types being discussed. Type A flu viruses are found in some animals, such as ducks, chickens, pigs and horses. The forms of A and B are responsible for the commune seasonal flu Influenza type B viruses are only found in humans. Influenza type C infection causes mild respiratory infections, and is not thought to be a cause for epidemics. A new or different influenza virus can cause influenza pandemic...
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...Community Teaching Plan: Teaching Experience Paper Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V For my community teaching experience I chose to address a widespread need in my local and surrounding communities. This need is for more education regarding birth control options available for the young adult teenage population. The school districts in my county only require that sexual education be done once in the ninth grade and this class goes over the basics from menarche to sexual reproduction. However they only briefly describe birth control methods alluding to more of an abstinence stance. This brief description leaves many not understanding the way each type of birth control works allowing teens to incorrectly use each method, if they even use one at all. I will discuss my teaching plan and experience in the following paragraphs. Epidemiological Rationale According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) an unintended pregnancy is on that is either unwanted or mistimed which usually result from not using contraception or inconsistent or incorrect use of effective contraceptive methods. Among women aged 19 years and younger, more than 4 out of 5 pregnancies were unintended. The proportion of pregnancies that were unintended was highest among teenagers younger than age 15 years, at 98%. (CDC, 2012) With this education being taught in school at an age where students are already 14 or 15 years old we are doing a huge disservice to these teenagers. They...
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...Diabetes in the Elderly Population Janet Houston Grand Canyon University NRS 427V November 08, 2015 Diabetes in the Elderly Population My goal was to make the people in the community center aware or the cost and aware of ways to help reduce the incidents of diabetes. My goal was not to have them expect I had some cure for diabetes, but information some new and some that I was sure they had heard in the past. Diabetes is the fourth leading cause of death in the African American population. From 1980 through 2009, black males were disproportionately affected by hyperglycemic crises mortality compared to other sex and racial groups (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Throughout this period is found that those rates for hyperglycemic rates were highest among black males and lowest among white females. In a report 2009, from the Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) they found the death rate was 42.6 percent per 100,000 diabetic populations among black males, 19.5 percent among white males, 16.0 percent among black females, and 11.7 percent among white females (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). The cost for diabetic care is extremely high, in 2007 the cost was $147 billion dollars and in 2012 it has gone up to $245 billion according to the American Diabetic Association (American Diabetes Association, 1995-2015). The cost of this disease alone got some of their attention, wondering why medical cost was so high. I explained how...
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...Hepatitis Cinthia Yee Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V LaStassia Williams October 22, 2015 Hepatitis Hepatitits B is an infection of the liver, it’s caused by the hepatitis B virus also known as (HBV). This virus can be transmitted from person to person via blood, semen and other body fluids. Some common ways that (HBV) is transmitted is by sexual contact, having unprotected sex or being in contact with any bodily fluids from an infected person. Sharing needles such as getting a tattoo with equipment that wasn’t sterilized correctly and or accidental needle sticks are other forms of transmission of (HBV), people that share IV drugs are at higher risk for hepatitis B as well. Healthcare workers are at higher risk for transmission of this disease, due to the exposure they have to blood and bodily fluids, that’s why it’s so important to use precautions when dealing with these and making sure that any accidental needle stick gets reported immediately in order to take the necessary steps for treatment if needed. Another way Hepatitis B can be transmitted is by mother to child, pregnant women can transmit the infection during childbirth and although these babies get vaccinated for Heptatitis B after birth to avoid getting infected special precautions must be taken from the expecting mother and getting tested for hepatitis B during pregnancy is recommended. Hepatittis B can be acute and chronic, acute infections can last for a short...
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...Epidemiology Paper: Mononucleosis Naomi R. Walsh Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V January 25, 2014 Epidemiology Paper: Mononucleosis Mononucleosis (mono) is most commonly known as the kissing disease. Mono usually occurs in adolescents and young adults. The virus that causes mono is carried in saliva and passed though such activities as kissing, coughing, sneezing, and sharing of cups and eating utensils. Mono is not a fatal disease, but it can cause weeks of uncomfortable symptoms. Although there is no cure for mono, there are many type of therapies that can help to alleviate some of the symptoms. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012) Description and Demographic Mononucleosis is a disease caused by one of the most common human viruses in the world, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, “mono effects about 45 of 100,000 people, mostly teens and young adults” (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2013). A person with mono is contagious for several days before symptoms begin to appear and for some time after. The virus is spread through saliva by kissing, sharing drinks and food, sharing cups and utensils, sharing toothbrushes, and sharing toys that have drool on them. Many people are infected with the virus and have no symptoms; those that do suffer symptoms are usually teens and young adults. Once the virus is picked up it has an incubation period of four to six weeks (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012) . The most common symptoms...
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...Epidemiology of Chickenpox Erica N. Huckaby Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V February 28, 2016 Epidemiology of Chickenpox Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems (Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary, 2012). Epidemiology can be applied to any disease. It has helped to develop the methodology used in research and public health. For the purpose of this paper, we will explore the childhood illness chickenpox, the factors that contribute to it’s development, the epidemiological triangle, and the role of the community health nurse as related to reporting and follow-up of cases. Description of Chickenpox Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious viral illness caused by the herpes virus, HHV3.4 or varicella zoster virus (Lowth, 2013). Chickenpox is mainly considered a childhood illness but can affect anyone at any age. Symptoms In children the illness generally begins with fever and malaise followed by development of papules on the skin. The day following the first fever a rash often appears on the face and scalp. Within the next 24 hours more papules appear as the first ones turn into vesicles. The rash generally will spread to the trunk, abdomen and limbs. Vesicles can be so few that they go unnoticed and leave the virus undiagnosed or they can cover the entire body including the mucous membranes. The course...
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...Communicable Disease Chickenpox Grand Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS-427V May 01, 2016 Communicable Disease Chickenpox Here is some background on varicella-zoster virus. Chickenpox and Shingles used to be considered two different diseases, but they are both caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ("CDC chickenpox," 2016). Varicella is the primary infection that causes the chickenpox and the herpes zoster is the virus that lays dormant in the host until reactivation and causes shingles. About 70-90% of all chickenpox cases that are reported occur in children under the age of 10 years old ("CDC chickenpox," 2016). Before the vaccine was introduced in March of 1995, there were 4 million cases of the chickenpox reported every year and since the introduction of the vaccine this number has decreased by 90% ("CDC chickenpox," 2016). If a person has the chickenpox and they cough or sneeze they can spread the disease. They release tiny droplets that will carry the virus. If they do this around someone that has never had the virus and didn’t get their immunizations as a child there is a possibility for that person to inhale the virus and contract the virus. When the virus is inhaled it enters the lungs and then will pass into the blood stream. It then is carried to the skin and causes the typical chickenpox rash. The chickenpox are very contagious. It can be spread by airborne, droplet, and direct contact with an infected person...
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...Communicable Disease: Chickenpox Grand Canyon University: NRS 427v December 10, 2014 Communicable Disease: Chickenpox The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) defines a communicable disease as “an illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.” There are numerous communicable diseases being studied, treated, prevented, and diagnosed around the world. For the purpose of this paper, one communicable disease in particular will be examined, chickenpox. This paper will address chickenpox as a communicable disease, determinants of health leading to chickenpox, how chickenpox relates to the epidemiologic triangle, the role of the community nurse in their treatment and prevention of chickenpox, and organizations involved on the national level. Epidemiology Chickenpox is a reaction to a virus by the name of varicella-zoster virus. The varicella-zoster virus is also known to cause a reaction called shingles later in the adult life. Chickenpox causes patients to have an itchy blister-like rash. Other symptoms that are a fever, sleepiness, decrease in appetite, and headache (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012). These symptoms can develop a day or two before the rash (CDC, 2012). Chickenpox can spread easily from an infected...
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...Rupinder Kaur Gurm Rhonda Tanner NRS-427V Grand Canyon University 06 November 2015 TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis which is also known as TB is a communicable disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Which most commonly affect the lungs. Tuberculosis is spread via droplets from person to person from The throat and lungs of people who have the active disease. When person with active disease coughs, Sneezes or speaks TB bacteria travels through air and enter the other person. In healthy people Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection does not cause any symptoms, due to the person's high Immunity, that works as a wall off the bacteria. TB bacteria can live in the body without a person Making sick, and the person cannot spread TB infection, it called as Latent TB infection. TB bacteria becomes present in the after entering the body and increases in number. The individual gets sick with Tuberculosis after having latent TB infection. TB bacteria usually stays in the lungs. Symptoms of tuberculosis includes: 1. Night sweats, fever. 2. Coughing or coughing up sputum/blood. 3. Chest pain, weakness, weight loss. 4. Chills, 5. Loss of appetite. Risk Factors of Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis spread easily, and anyone can get infected with TB. High risk people are the people who Were infected with TB bacteria before, and people with low immunity due to medical conditions. Some Other risks are: 1. Contact with a person infected with TB. 2. Visited a country...
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