...Stacie Rollins Thursday, January 8, 2015 NT 2640 Unit 1 Assignment 1 Network IDs used to be divided into classes, which were Class A, B, and C. These classes were allowed to have a range of addresses. This class-based system would work well for a while, but the rapid growth of the Internet it becomes evident that this addressing scheme had to be changed in order to support the many networks that were being created. A class full system would be created and still used the IP addressing fundament of a classless system. This 32-bit IP addressing system is subdivided into two portions; the network address space are the host address space. Class A addresses were created for a very large network with few logical network segments and many hosts that have the high-order bit set to zero. The first octet is used to define the network ID. Class A address cannot be greater than 127 because a value of 128 would require the left-most bit be set to 1. Class B addresses always have the first two high-order bits that are set to 10 and are used for medium-sized networks that have a moderate number of hosts connected to them. The Class B network ID, will utilize the first two octets for the network ID, which allows more network IDs and fewer hosts than a Class A network, because it uses an additional octet for the network. Class C addresses are for small networks with few hosts. These addresses have the first three high-order bits set to 110, because Class C addresses use the first three...
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...Niki Scott April 22, 2014 NT 2640 Cisco Networks – EIGRP versus OSPF Categories | EIGRP | OSPF | Type | Advanced Distance Vector | Link – State | Metric | Composite | Cost | Administrative Distance | 120 | 110 | Algorithm | SPF Algorithm fast convergence loop free hop based. Bellman – Ford | Dual algorithm could be in status, query out the whole network shortest path. | Protocol | USP | IP | Topology | Can build a hierarchical and scalable network. | Cannot build a hierarchical network with this protocol. | The Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an advanced distance – vector routing protocol that is used on a computer network to help automate routing decisions and configuration. The protocol was designed by Cisco systems as a proprietary protocol, available only on Cisco routers, but Cisco converted it to an open standard in 2013. EIGRP allows a router to share information it knows about the network with neighboring routers within the same logical area known as an autonomous system. Contrary to other well known routing protocols such as routing information protocol, EIGRP only shares information that a neighboring router would not have, rather than sending all of its information. EIGRP is optimized to help reduce the workload of the router and the amount data that needs to be transmitted between routers. The features that support EIGRP are the following; support for Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) and variable length subnet masking...
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...Unit 1 Summary: Chapters 1,2,3,4 Chapter 1 – The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models: * A network model sometimes also called either a networking architecture or networking blueprint refers to a comprehensive set of documents used to describe the functions of a network as a whole * The international organization for standardization (ISO) took on the task to create such a model, starting as early as the late 1970’s beginning work on what would become known as the open systems interconnection (OSI) networking model. * IP defines addresses for several important reasons. First each device that uses TCP/IP needs a unique address so that it can be identified on the network and IP also figures out how to group addresses together. * The term IP host refers to any device, regardless of size or power that has an IP address and connects to any TCP/IP network * The Current OSI Model: 1. Application 2. Presentation 3. Session 4. Transport 5. Network 6. Data Link 7. Physical Chapter 2 – LAN Fundamentals: * File Sharing: Each computer can be configured to share all or parts of its file system so that the other computers can read, or possibly read and write, the files on another computer. * File Transfers: A computer could install a file transfer server, thereby allowing other computers to send and receive files to and from that computer. * The term collision domain defines the set of devices whose frames could collide * Broadcast...
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...Scenario 1: End user complains of lack of connectivity to any resource not on the directly connected network. The host cannot ping its default gateway. The output of the “ipconfig /all” command is below. Also the IP address assigned to the router for that segment is also displayed below. What do you think the problem is with the configuration of this host? PC “ipconfig /all” output (summarized) Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-AB-C5-00-00-00 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.40.9 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.128 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.40.254 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 8.8.8.8 Router “show ip interface brief” Router# show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0 192.168.40.254 YES NVRAM up up Answer: The problem is that either the IP address is wrong or the subnet mask is wrong. That is because the 192.168.40.9 IP address is not in the same subnet as the default gateway IP address (192.168.40.254). Changing the subnet mask to 255.255.255.0 or changing the IP address to 192.168.40.129 – 192.168.40.253 would resolve the problem. The ping command can be used to check for connectivity, and it was. The tracert command could have been used to see where the ping failed. Scenario 2: One user complains of lack of connectivity...
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...Windows 8 is a Microsoft operating system that is designed for home users as well as for business purpose. Its development started even before its predecessor’s release Windows 7 in 2009.Windows 8 is a system that is particularly orientated to touchscreen hardware. There are some important changes and additives that make it look and differently than the users are used to. For example, the Start menu is completely substituted by a Start screen that can be taken away from the desktop easily by touch screen pen and also by just a normal mouse or keyboard key combination. It contains all the important applications also the ones that are active at the moment. All the icons in the old version of the operating system are changed into tiles that can be juggled with. It can stay constantly on the screen or can be hidden.And now the most important that users expect to hear – when will it be available for the public and for what price? The official release date is the 26th of October, 2012. It was preceded by three pre-release editions while still being developed and tested for the period of the 13th of September 2011 until 31st of May 2012. There will be four editions issued on the market – two general editions just for conventional use, one Pro release of Windows most ardent devotees and Enterprise edition which is for business purposes. ² Windows 8 is the current release of the Windows operating system, produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business...
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...WEEK 8, ASSIGNMENT 2Ireti Kayode Strayer University | | CIS 175 Dr. William McConnell12/03/2013 | | | | | Ocper, Inc. Server Proposal Given Ocper, Inc.’s expanding network scenario there is a clear need to maximize the available resources between employees then it is appropriate to add additional servers to facilitate the sharing of files as well as the configuration of remote access services to allow for remote and secure working. In order to complement the existing network scenario this proposal is based around the configuration and deployment of Microsoft Windows Server 2012 as the network operating system. This is a stable and secure server environment which will allow the designated services to be configured and will equally allow for scalability while at the same time decreasing the overall maintenance and administration to support the network and associated servers. Given the size of the current organization and the IT systems at present, Windows Server 2012 Standard edition would be the most appropriate version for deployment as this will also keep the up-front costs down to a minimum – there is no requirement for the Enterprise Edition whose features will not be required in this implementation. One of the critical roles for the new server implementations will be that of a File Server capability – this can be easily configured within the Ocper, Inc. network through a Static IP address being assigned to this machine and then the...
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...Updating From Microsoft Windows XP to Microsoft Windows 7 A lot of problems can arise when trying to update an older machine such as this from Microsoft Windows XP to Microsoft Windows 7. Microsoft has not made it easy for XP users to move to Win7. You won't be able to run the upgrade disk and have the newer operating system install on top of XP, leaving your data and programs in place. Instead, you have two options: 1. You can do a Clean install, in which you wipe the hard drive clean and install a virgin copy of Windows 7, then reinstall your software and copy your data back to the drive. 2. You can do a Custom install, in which your older setup is squirreled away in a folder called WINDOWS.OLD. This will include your program files, though you won't be able to run your software from there. It will also include data files, but you shouldn't rely on this as your sole backup strategy prior to upgrading. First and foremost When performing and update such as this: make sure that all hardware on the machine that is being updated is compatible and will meet Windows 7's minimum system requirements. A good way to do this is simply to go to the Microsoft website and download the windows 7 advisor at: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/downloads/upgrade-advisor. This tool can be very helpful in determining if a system is capable of running windows 7. Some of the Windows 7 system requirements are: * 1 GHz processor (32- or 64-bit) * 1 GB of RAM (32-bit); 2 GB of...
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...The current architecture of the Riordan Manufacturing Company Inc. Wide Area Network and network security in place requires updated documentation. The purpose of this paper is to gather the existing information into a single format and evaluate the WAN and security documentation for an executive overview. Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. is an industry leader in the field of plastic injection molding. With state-of-the art design capabilities, they create innovative plastic designs that have earned international acclaim. Attention to detail, extreme precision and enthusiastic quality control are the hallmarks of Riordan Manufacturing. With facilities in San Jose, California, Albany, Georgia, Pontiac, Michigan and Hangzhou, China, the company is heavily dependent upon their communication networks. The documentation produced by this analysis will give the management at Riordan Manufacturing an understanding of their networks today, a plan for future upgrades and a baseline to evaluate security. The goal of this exercise is three fold. Our first will be to provide an inventory of the existing network components for Riordan Manufacturing designated by location, review the network security for each site, and our last goal is to document the current security plan for use in future planning. Because of the limited scope of the project, several assumptions must be made. The first assumption is that Riordan Manufacturing has accurate records of the current infrastructure and no changes will...
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...Курс по операционным системам (на примере ОС Windows) Основан на учебном курсе Windows Operating System Internals Curriculum Resource Kit (авторы David A. Solomon, Mark E. Russinovich, Andreas Polze), Цель курса: дать основы функционирования современных операционных систем на примере ОС Windows с возможностью модификации исходного кода учебной операционной системы (Project OZ) с последующей её сборкой и отладкой на виртуальной машине. Краткое содержание курса Тема 1: Введение в операционные системы Тема 2: Принципы функционирования операционных систем Тема 3: Параллельное выполнение операций Тема 4: Планировщик задач Тема 5: Управление памятью Тема 6: Управление устройствами и система ввода-вывода Тема 7: Защита и безопасность Тема 8: Файловая система Тема 9: Встраиваемые системы и реальное время Тема 10: Отказоустойчивость Тема 11: Оценка производительности Тема 12: Автоматизация управления Дополнительные разделы Тема 1: Сетевые возможности Windows Тема 2: Сравнение ядер Linux и Windows Тема 3: Возможность взаимодействия Windows и Unix Содержание разделов курса Тема 1: Введение в операционные системы Обзор курса Эволюция операционных систем Семейство операционных систем Windows – концепции и инструменты Тема 2: Принципы функционирования операционных систем Структурирование операционных систем Windows Базовые механизмы работы Windows Окна в ОС Windows Windows API – типы данных и соглашения о именовании идентификаторов Тема 3: Параллельное...
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...Windows 3.0 was released May, 22 1990. Microsoft Windows 3.0 full version was priced at $149.95 and the upgrade version was priced at $79.95. 1991 Following its decision not to develop operating systems cooperatively with IBM, Microsoft changes the name of OS/2 to Windows NT. 1991 Microsoft Windows 3.0 or Windows 3.0a with multimedia was released October, 1991. 1992 Microsoft Windows 3.1 was released April, 1992 and sells more than 1 Million copies within the first two months of its release. 1992 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.1 was released October, 1992. 1993 Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 was released July 27, 1993. 1993 Microsoft Windows 3.11, an update to Windows 3.1 is released December 31, 1993. 1993 The number of licensed users of Microsoft Windows now totals more than 25 Million. 1994 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was released February, 1994. 1994 Microsoft Windows NT 3.5 was released September 21, 1994. 1995 Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 was released May 30, 1995. 1995 Microsoft Windows 95 was released August 24, 1995 and sells more than 1 Million copies within 4 days. 1995 Microsoft Windows 95 Service Pack 1 (4.00.950A) is released February 14, 1996. 1996 Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released July 29, 1996. 1996 Microsoft Windows 95 (4.00.950B) aka OSR2 with FAT32 and MMX support is released August 24, 1996. 1996...
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...NTFS AND HYPER V The New Technology File System (NTFS) is the standard file structure for the Windows NT operating system. It is used for retrieving and storing files on the hard disk. The NTFS introduced a number of enhancements, including innovative data structures that increased performance, improved metadata, and added expansions like security access control, reliability, disk space utilization, and file system journaling. The NTFS replaced the OS/2 High-Performance File System and the Windows 95 file allocation table (FAT), which was used in MS-DOS and earlier operating system versions. NTFS is also used with Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003.NTFS was initially designed for the Intel i860 XR processor released by Microsoft in 1993. Although IBM and Microsoft worked together to create the graphical operating system known as the OS/2, they disagreed on many important issues and they eventually separated. IBM continued to work on the OS/2, while Microsoft started working on Windows NT. The OS/2 HPFS had many new features that were also used with Windows NT. Both HPFS and NTFS share the same disk partition identification type code (07), which is unusual because there are dozens of codes available. The new reliable features of the NTFS include a fault tolerance system that automatically repairs hard drive errors without error messages. The NTFS also retains detailed transaction records that keep track of hard drive errors. This feature is beneficial in...
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...H Hoffman Trucking Operating Systems Overview POS 355 January 23, 2012 Hoffman Trucking Operating Systems Overview Hoffman Trucking is using a mix of operating systems based on technology which is at least ten years old. The company started out in Cleveland, Ohio and really started to grow with the acquisition of five other regional trucking companies from 1948 through 1976 and became a national carrier after 1980. The home office’s current operating systems consist of a mainframe system probably running Unix or Linux in the maintenance plant. The users interface with the mainframe through dumb terminals connected to a token ring network. The administrative offices use Novell 5.1 to handle directory services, Lotus Notes to handle e-mail services, Linux is used at the operating system for the web server, A Macintosh computer for marketing, Windows 2000 Workstation, Windows XP Pro and ten machines running Windows 2000 Server. These systems are also running on a token ring network with a Fractional T1 connection to the Internet to allow communications with the other offices. The Missouri office is a mirror image of the home office. The offices in New Jersey and California are also duplicates of each other but are totally different in architecture. The office system are very old as well centering around Microsoft operating systems ranging from Windows 3.1 which is a DOS based operating system to Windows 2000 Server running as the IIS server. Other operating systems...
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...Microsoft Windows File Systems Jon Bartholf POS421: Windows Server Networking December 13, 2010 Ali Shokraee TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 3 FILE AND FILE SYSTEM: WHAT THEY ARE.................................................................. 3 FILE ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT)...................................................................................... 4 FAT12 (12-bit)....................................................................................................................... 4 FAT16 (16-bit)....................................................................................................................... 4 FAT32 (32-bit)....................................................................................................................... 5 HIGH PERFORMANCE FILE SYSTEM (HPFS)................................................................ 5 NEW TECHNOLOGY FILE SYSTEM (NTFS).................................................................... 5 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................... 6 APPENDIXES............................................................................................................................ 7 Appendix A: File Allocation Table (FAT) Bit and Usage (Figure...
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...Roberto Gonzalez Cpmt 1445 04/06/10 http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc722173(WS.10).aspx Microsoft Windows Vista includes Windows Reliability and Performance Monitor, which is a Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in that combines the functionality of previous stand-alone tools including Performance Logs and Alerts, Server Performance Advisor, and System Monitor. It provides a graphical interface for customizing Data Collector Sets and Event Trace Sessions. http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc766260(WS.10).aspx This collection contains information to help IT Pros troubleshoot and resolve specific system errors and events, as well as networking and Group Policy issues. It also provides links to general Windows Vista troubleshooting topics at the Windows Vista Help and How-to Support site and Windows Vista Solution Center site. http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc766048(WS.10).aspx Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE) is an extensible recovery platform based on Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE). When the computer fails to start, Windows automatically fails over into this environment, and the Startup Repair tool in Windows RE automates the diagnosis and repair of an unbootable Windows Vista installation. Furthermore, Windows RE is a starting point for various tools for manual system recovery. The primary audience of this technology includes original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), original device manufacturers...
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...Overview Infosys Improves competitiveness and cuts Total cost of ownership (TCO) with Microsoft Solution for SAP System. Infosys set up a Windows cluster across two of its data centers, consolidating its hardware from 30 nodes to two four-node clusters. It deployed two new SAP modules—for a total of 15—and upgraded to Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise and SQL Server 2008 R2 Enterprise. The software was deployed on HP ProLiant DL785 and HP ProLiant BL680 server computers. 1. What is the significance of this development? The significance of this development is that this innovative development will help infosys to upgrade its infrastructure and reduce its hardware and maintenance costs. It will also help Infosys to cope the competitive pressure and solve the problem of aging software and become more efficient.Moreover, Infosys gained a solution with a low total cost of ownership (TCO), without sacrificing the high availability or performance of its SAP system. Furthermore, the development will enhance the ability of infosys to compete. In other words, it can also be said that the company can use its newly developed applications more efficiently at less cost and that too without sacrificing its performance or availability. 2. Who will benefit from this development? The company as well as the users both will benefit from this development.The company will benefit as the development will result in attaining improved competitiveness. Furthermore, Infosys has gained a solution that...
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