...texts; a performance of Frank Bridge’s gloriously passionate settings for tenor voice and piano of two poems from The Gardener (composed in 1922: the poems are Nos. 29 and 30, ‘Speak to me, my love’ and ‘Dweller in my deathless dreams’); a presentation on Sriniketan and Dartington (Tagore and Elmhirst) by the The Tagoreans, an old-established London-based group; and a song and dance sequence called ‘The Golden Boat’, designed and performed by the Tagore Centre UK. Also, poem No. 9 from ‘Prantik’ was read in the original Bengali and in English, French, German and Slovenian, to illustrate the ‘third Tagore’ – not the Bengali Rabindranath, not the English Tagore, but the new and fuller impression that is emerging the world over through new translations. One particular memory I shall keep from the evening is the way the two poems I chose from Gitanjali came wonderfully alive as read by my PhD student Mayurika Chakravorty. Listening to her highly dramatic reading in her Calcutta-accented English of Nos. 48 (‘The morning sea of silence’) and 57 (‘Light, my light, the world-filling light’), I realised for the first time that the rhythms of Tagore’s English Gitanjali are Indian rhythms. They need to be read by an Indian voice, with an accent and intonation similar to Tagore’s own, as those were the rhythms that were in his head when he wrote his English versions. It’s taken me...
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...The Role of Translators-Interpreters in Contemporary Society in the US and in Europe: Luxury or Necessity? Dr. Eduardo González University of Nebraska at Kearney Judging by appearances, the US has everything it needs in terms of meeting present-day requirements for language services in all spheres of modern life. There are immigrants from everywhere, millions of bilingual or polyglot people, excellent universities and colleges and so forth. However, the results as to having qualified translators and interpreters fall quite far from the possibilities. This work will attempt to give a general view of the problem and a brief analysis of possible solutions. The Past First England, then the US, have been for at least the last three centuries the most powerful countries in the world. England had a very early Industrial Revolution and its development of machines and ships led to its vast overseas empire. Even during the centuries when Spain was the most powerful nation and its ships traveled the entire world, its war crafts and equipments could not match the British fleet and armies. For a while there was France, with its beautiful Revolution for liberty, equality and fraternity, spreading the power of the bourgeoisie all over Europe. Then arose Napoleon, the Revolution’s emperor, trying to conquer new lands and colonies for France. In the long run, he was no match for the British power either. His ships were blockaded and destroyed at sea and his weary armies were finally crushed at...
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...Eqbal Mohammad Cleared Linguist with CI Polygraph 10429 Rapidan Lane Manassas, VA 20109 Cell: 571-839-1523 meqbal30@gmail.com ------------------------------------------------- Profile More than 9 years of experience in translation , interpretation and Linguist management for Senior U.S Military Personnel and Afghan National Security Forces in Afghanistan which included translation of hundreds of documents and simultaneous and near simultaneous interpretation of dozens of Senior Leader Seminars for Afghan military and civilian officials hosted by U.S military. In addition, I have managed and supervised more than 75 linguists supporting Operations Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. More than 2 years of experience instructing Dari and Pashto languages including a working knowledge of Afghan Culture to the U.S. military in U.S. ------------------------------------------------- WORK EXPERIENCE Dari/Pashto Linguist/Translator Feb.2011-Jun-2014 Mission Essential Personnel LLC.| Afghanistan. * Translated hundreds of projects from Dari to English and vice versa. * Translated military, medical, legal and Afghan Government documents from Dari to English and vice versa * Edited translated documents from Dari to English and vice versa. * Translated/Interpreted for U.S army during Detainees Operation in Bagram Airbase, Afghanistan. Dari Instructor Jan.2009-Feb.2011 American Federal Contractor, (A.F.C) Fort Polk, La, USA * Provided professional...
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...The Interaction between Imagery and Allusions in translating Chinese PoetryBased on Tu Fu’s Poems Shih-ying Liaw Prof. Wang Linguistics and Translation June 18 2012 Shih ying Liaw1 Shih-ying Liaw Prof. Wang Linguistics and Translation June 18 2012 The Interaction between Imagery and Allusions in translating Chinese PoetryBased on Tu Fu’s Poems Though Chinese poetry has been translating for almost a hundred years, there are still many questions about the translation strategies and situations worth discussing. In this paper, the interaction between imagery and allusions when translating are discussed and the practical situation used when translating are presented. To discuss the interaction between imagery and allusions, the first thing is to identify and define each term. First is imagery. Imagery is thought to be the most important factor to the poetry. I use Ezra Pound’s word as definition because he is not only a pioneering translator in Chinese poetry and also a great poet. He says that “an image' is that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time.” Further explanation is given by Professor Liu in “The Art of Chinese Poetry” by putting imagery into two categories. The first is “simple imagery,” which is defined as “a verbal expression that evokes a mental picture, which not merely picture in words but also arouses emotional associations and enriches the poetic context”. The Shih ying Liaw2 second category...
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...Express, an International Journal of Multi Disciplinary Research ISSN: 2348 – 2052 , Vol. 1, Issue 2, Feb 2014 Available at: www.express‐journal.com The Cultural Agenda of Translation & Arabization: Aspects of the Problems by Dr. Ali Albashir Mohammed Al-haj Department of English Faculty of Arts& humanities Jazan University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Abstract Translation is activity – a cultural activity at that-intended to widen the area of human understanding and communication with reference to general and specific information. The basic requirement relevant to good translation is that the translator must have a thorough knowledge of the cultures of both the source language and the target language. The translator needs not sit biting nails and rush to the dictionary every ten minutes. When it has been accepted that translation is not only important but also necessary to our Arab World, there is no point in pondering over the problems of translations. Cultural proximity is a big advantage for translators, it is rewarding for them to look for this when they choose their work. Arabization is part and parcel of the whole journey of the Arab societies to its roots. The starting-off point for any translator is their preferred future; in order to arrive at the destination then it is clearly important to know what the destination is. But it is perhaps better to think 1 Express, an International Journal of Multi Disciplinary Research ...
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...On Translation of English Names from Cultural Perspective Abstract Chinese transliteration of people's English names not only concerns the accuracy of sound between the source and target languages，but also has much to do with the cultural specificity and the characteristics of the respective languages .Name is the most common language Phenomenon which exists in our society. As the communication between the countries all around the word become more and more closely, this paper have being paid more and more attentions to the translation of the names. In this paper, there is a study on the Cultural connotation and characteristics of English names and Chinese name, and then there is also a brief introduction of the way to translate the names. In this paper, there are five translation methods to translate names which we use usually, they are: Transliteration, Annotated Transliteration, Paraphrase, Law of Convention and Their own Chinese name translation. It is hoped that the study in this paper will be helpful for the future study and the translation of names. Key word: English name; Translation methods; culture perspective On Translation of English Names from Cultural Perspective Outline Thesis Statement: This paper through introducing the culture connotation and characteristics of English name, explore the strategies of English name translation, aiming at giving some suggestions in translating English names. 1. Introduction Ⅱ. Cultural connotation and...
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...On Translation of English Names from Cultural Perspective Abstract Chinese transliteration of people's English names not only concerns the accuracy of sound between the source and target languages，but also has much to do with the cultural specificity and the characteristics of the respective languages .Name is the most common language Phenomenon which exists in our society. As the communication between the countries all around the word become more and more closely, this paper have being paid more and more attentions to the translation of the names. In this paper, there is a study on the Cultural connotation and characteristics of English names and Chinese name, and then there is also a brief introduction of the way to translate the names. In this paper, there are five translation methods to translate names which we use usually, they are: Transliteration, Annotated Transliteration, Paraphrase, Law of Convention and Their own Chinese name translation. It is hoped that the study in this paper will be helpful for the future study and the translation of names. Key word: English name; Translation methods; culture perspective On Translation of English Names from Cultural Perspective Outline Thesis Statement: This paper through introducing the culture connotation and characteristics of English name, explore the strategies of English name translation, aiming at giving some suggestions in translating English names. 1. Introduction Ⅱ. Cultural connotation and characteristics...
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...“Reverse engineering is the process of extracting the knowledge or design blueprints from anything man-made. Reverse engineering is usually conducted to obtain missing knowledge, ideas, and design philosophy when such information is unavailable. In some cases, the information is owned by someone who isn't willing to share them. In other cases, the information has been lost or destroyed” (Eilam, 2005). The advantages and disadvantages of reverse engineering are as follows; Advantages * It helps in the evolving of existing computing systems. * “You can change a program's structure and thus directly affect its logical flow. Technically this activity is called patching, because it involves placing new code patches (in a seamless manner) over the original code” (Hoglund & McGraw, 2004). * As a learning tool * As a way to make new compatible products that are cheaper than what's currently on the market. (Schwartz, 2001) * For making software interoperate more effectively or to bridge different operating systems or databases. * To uncover the uncoordinated features of commercial products. Disadvantages * “Manually translated source code often retains the style and flavour of the original implementation”. (Byrne, 1991) * “The most commonly recognized problem with literal translation is summed up as: garbage in, garbage out. If the existing system is not well-structured, both in terms of its architecture and control-flow, then the resulting system will be of the same...
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...Parallel Corpus Hammouda Salhi University of Carthage, Tunisia hammouda_s@hotmail.com Abstract: This article investigates a topic at the interface between translation studies, lexical semantics and corpus linguistics. Its general aim is to show how translation studies could profit from the work done in both lexical semantics and corpus linguistics in an attempt to help ‘endear’ linguists to translators (Malmkjær, 1998). The specific objective is to capture the semantic and pragmatic behavior of the noun ‘destruction’ from its different translations into Arabic. The data are taken from an English-Arabic parallel corpus collected from UN texts and their translations (hereafter EAPCOUNT). While it seems that ‘destruction’ is monosemous, it turns out, after exploring its occurrences, to be highly polysemous and shows a case of complementary polysemy, where a number of alternations can be captured. These findings are broadly in line with the results reached in recent developments in lexical semantics, and more particularly the Generative Lexicon (GL) theory developed by James Pustejovsky. Some concrete suggestions are made at the end on how to enhance the relation between linguists and translators and their mutual cooperation. Key words: Lexical semantics, corpus linguistics, translation studies, complementary polysemy, coercion, parallel corpora, lexical ambiguities Résumé: Le présent article aborde un sujet à la croisée des études de traduction...
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...TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT Translation quality assessment has become one of the key issues in translation studies. This comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of translation evaluation makes explicit the grounds of judging the worth of a translation and emphasizes that translation is, at its core, a linguistic operation. Written by the author of the world’s best known model of translation quality assessment, Juliane House, this book provides an overview of relevant contemporary interdisciplinary research on translation, intercultural communication and globalization, and corpus and psycho- and neuro-linguistic studies. House acknowledges the importance of the socio-cultural and situational contexts in which texts are embedded, and which need to be analysed when they are transferred through space and time in acts of translation, at the same time highlighting the linguistic nature of translation. The text includes a newly revised and presented model of translation quality assessment which, like its predecessors, relies on detailed textual and culturally informed contextual analysis and comparison. The test cases also show that there are two steps in translation evaluation: firstly, analysis, description and explanation; secondly, judgements of value, socio-cultural relevance and appropriateness. The second is futile without the first: to judge is easy, to understand less so. Translation Quality Assessment is an invaluable resource for students and researchers...
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...Professional Study Program “Technical Translation” Text Types and Decision Making in Translation TERM PAPER Riga 2011 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Theoretical Part 4 Practical Part 10 Conclusion 41 Bibliography 42 Appendixes I Glossary of Terms II Source Text Introduction The author of the present term paper is a student of Riga Technical University, Institute of Languages, Georgijs Mitikovs. The term paper titled “Text Types and Decision Making in Translation” consists of two parts: the theoretical part and practical part. In the theoretical part the author of this term paper reviews different types of texts and specific characteristics of each of them as well as a set of methods of translation with examples taken from the translation of a text provided in the second, practical part of this term paper. The practical part consists of translation of a text from the book “The Ascend of Money, A Financial History of the World” (New York, 2008) written by Niall Ferguson. The title of the chosen chapter this book is “Blowing Bubbles”. The author of the term paper has also included all the figures and tables from the source text in the target text. The aim of the author in this term paper is to define different types of text types and to find out the factors which impact the process of decision making in translation. In the practical part of given term paper the aim was to apply the most appropriate translation strategies, methods, approaches...
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...its classification The term ‘realia’ was first used by a famous Soviet scholar A. Fedorov, who states that realia is an extralingual phenomenon [15, 48]. The definition of realia was provided later by S. Vlakhov and S. Florin as words and collocations of a language which denote objects, concepts and phenomena that are peculiar to the life (the geographical surroundings, culture, everyday realities or sociological and historical specifics) of the people of one nation, country or tribe, and alien for another, thus conveying national, local or historical colouring. As a result, they do not have exact equivalents in other languages and, therefore, need to adopt alternative approaches to their translation [11, 47]. The notion of realia was further developed and enriched in terms of the Translation Studies by prof. R. Zorivchak, who suggests the following definition of the term: realia is a mono- and polylexeme unit, whose main lexical meaning contains (in a binary opposition) the traditionally attached complex of ethno-cultural information alien to the objective reality of the target language [15, 58]. Furthermore, the scholar lays great emphasis on the fact that the concept is a relative changeable category which is distinct in the binary contrastive opposition of certain languages and cultures. The aforementioned definition would be a working definition for this chapter of the course paper. The definitions of realia vary with the scholars. A lot of prominent researches have investigated...
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...There are several ways of translating such words. The simplest way is to transcribe them (lobby - лобби, lump - ламп, etc.). This method is widely used for rendering personal names, place names, titles, etc Sometimes transliteration is used for the same purpose, but transcription is preferable because it renders the original sound-form of the word, while transliteration is based upon its graphical presentation (for example, two ways of rendering the name of Shakespeare in Russian: its transcription is Шекспир while its transliteration is Схакесneape). It is evident that for the purposes of oral communication it is necessary to know the sound-form of the names, so with the growth of contacts between the countries transliteration is being gradually ousted by transcription. Those names which have already been rendered by means of translit¬eration are now traditionally used in this form (King George - король Георг, not король Джордж) and there is no need to change them. Such names should not be translated anew, they have their translated equivalents. However, in translating those names which have no equivalents, it is preferable to use tran¬scription. Being a very good way of rendering proper names, transcription is not very convenient for translating notional words. Substitution of the Russian sounds for the English ones does not make the English word understandable for the Russian readers. The words "драгстор" or "ламп" are hardly more in¬formative for them than the original "drugstore"...
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...the time we are born, we have been exposed to different types of knowledge that has been controlled by language and further more influenced by culture. This helps us generate our feelings like expressing our moods, behaviour, what we want; and emotions expressed through the use of language. The statement states that our knowledge is not possible without language and to prove this I will use common everyday life examples to show that knowledge and language cannot be separable. Language in general is always controlled by knowledge as they come hand in hand. It can be expressed through different forms depending on the context and media. Language can be communicated verbally, through the use of words, using signs and signals. For example, a small issue like making a phone call can be shown using actions, signs and words, however this relates to the knowledge one has about making phone calls, hence the language has to be there. Also, on the road, drivers are very familiar with road signs all around the world as it is universal, this makes it an issue considering if knowledge is universal. In my opinion, knowledge is universal because all the drivers anywhere in the world can understand the content and therefore be able to communicate fully without hesitation. The question that arises is that; do you know knowledge the same as I do, and if we speak different languages to express the same knowledge, can the knowledge we wish to express be different? In some languages, there are situations...
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...Abstract This paper is a brief discussion of the importance of culture for marketing and managing in global markets. The major topics discussed are management styles; product development and management; advertising campaigns, and communication as they are affected by various elements of culture and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Management Styles Management styles practiced by domestically run companies will differ from management styles practiced in the countries of companies’ foreign operations. These differences are influenced by the elements of culture that make up the learned behaviors or way of life of a country’s or region’s people (Gaspar, 2013). Yuan (2010) describes reasons for conflict between American managers and Chinese employees in Fortune 500 companies, citing one instance in which a Chinese employee responded to an American manager with an estimated number rather than an accurate one. Because of differing values and attitudes among cultures described by Gaspar, the American manager interpreted the Chinese employee’s response as being deceptive. However, the Chinese employee was avoiding shame, which in Chinese culture results from not knowing the answer to a question. Upon understanding this, the trust grew between the American manager and his Chinese employees likely as the result of the manager changing the way he sought information from his employees. Also, in China it is expected that companies pay newspaper reporters for writing a favorable stories, which...
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