...We propose two distinct analyses based on items re-consumed in the test set. The first one refers to the \textit{recall} of these items. Note that among the training items of each user, there are \textit{(1)} unexpected items; \textit{(2)} expected ones that users re-consumed in the test set; and \textit{(3)} expected items that users did not re-consume. Thus, given the whole training set as input, a good recommender should assign high scores to the re-consumed items. This analysis shows the capability of our heuristics to identify items effectively re-consumed instead of unexpected items potentially relevant. Hence, as the second analysis, we measure how relevant the recommended items might be, considering all users. A good evidence about relevance of an item is the percentage of users who consumed it and re-consumed again after $x$ time units. We assume that the higher this percentage, which we name re-consumption rate (\textit{rerate}), the higher the probability of this item to be a potentially relevant item after $x$ time units. Thus, a good RS of known items should present simultaneously high \textit{recall} and \textit{rerate} levels.\looseness=-1 We evaluate the \textit{recall} of re-consumed items through the following experiment. First, we use the whole training set of each user as input for each proposed heuristic. Then, we retrieve as output recommendations of...
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...Three factors that need to be considered in a cable installation are fire protection, possibility of water damage and protecting from EMI. Fire protection is very important so that if the building were to catch on fire the coating on the cables would not melt or at least not melt as fast. It is also smart to know where fire extinguishers are in order to possibly prevent the fire from spreading if it is not too large. It is important to consider the possibility of water damage because you do not want your servers and equipment ruined by some water that never should have touched it. In this case it is a good idea to know where water pipes run in the building so that you do not risk placing a network closet underneath a bathroom. Or right night to a bathroom for that matter. The possibility of flooding and ruining server equipment, firewall equipment, and cables by a bursting pipe or overflowing flood is just not worth it. You also want to make sure there are sprinklers but maybe not directly over your servers so that there is a possibility of saving them should they be set off for any reason. Protecting from EMI is very important so that you do not have any breaks in signal or weakened signal experiences. Making sure that your cables run perpendicular to power cables is one way to prevent EMI interference. Another way to prevent EMI is to make sure that you have shielded twisted pair cables instead of unshielded twisted pair cables. There are many things to take into consideration...
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...I Thomas Edmond sat alone in the bright, cold, white room on a single blue chair bearing a plastic seat and four stout legs of stainless steel. His legs swung back and forth, barely long enough to touch the white linoleum tile floor but still managing to graze it ever so slightly. The five inch thick steel door directly in front of him has remained both shut and locked for the past five hours. Unbeknownst to Thomas, a small camera hidden beside a ventilation shaft in the ceiling monitored his actions. A calming synthesized female voice sounded from a loudspeaker hidden somewhere in the room. “Subject identified. Edmond, Thomas. Six years of age. Date of birth: The twenty ninth of August, nineteen eighty eight. Edmond, Thomas. Please rise from your seat.” Thomas arose. “Edmond, Thomas. A series of images will be displayed. You are requested to react according to the immediate emotional response each image will elicit of you. Do you have any questions before we begin Task 1A?” “I don’t understand,” replied Thomas, scanning the room for the source of the voice. “Simplified explanation: We will show you some pictures. We want you to show us how each picture makes you feel. Do you have any questions before we start?” He shook his head as a way to say “no”. Suddenly, a blank white projector screen lowered from the ceiling. Its loud motors could be heard whirring as it inched within view of Thomas. He looked on in awe, for he had no idea how this screen was seemingly lowering itself...
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...When Erica is presented with manipulatives and asked “How Many?” She is able to state the correct amount for 1, 100% of occurrences, 2, 100% of occurrences, 3, 80% of occurrences. For 4, 63% and for 5, 25%. There are times her attention gets pulled elsewhere causing her to lose the place she was counting. As the numbers get bigger, Erica has a little harder time keeping track of what number she previously hit and what number comes next. There are times when she will hit the button, but it will not work, so she will skip that number or she will touch it again. But she has already moved her finger to the next manipulative, which throws her off. When Erica is asked to identify her numbers in order without any number cards from 1-10, she...
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...This scenario would generate the maximum surge pressure in start-up case, because of the dead-end pipeline. This surge pressure (14barg), was however, less than network design pressure. PE 1.16) another likely scenario (no. 5) that I envisaged was simultaneous shut down of both pumps while the line is full of water. Since one check valve is installed at the outlet of each pump, upon shutdown of pumps those valves and associated pipes would experience a severe back pressure caused by the huge amount of water inside the pipeline. Software outputs showed that a serious water hammering would happen in this scenario. My recommendation was to shut down pumps in sequence order, first pump A and then after a defined time interval, e.g., 2 minutes, pump B. PE 1.17) The last probable scenario that I modelled was simultaneous start-up of both pumps while the whole pipeline is full of water. This case is prone to cause a considerable surge pressure. The software output graphs...
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...In the beginning of the lab I started by exploring both the tcpClient.c and tcpServer.c code. When I had a rough understanding of how it worked, I tried running it. This caused an error to occur. The problem was I was using Winsock sockets instead of BSD sockets. One, Winsock, is a socket creator for windows, the other BSD socket is an application programming interface for Unix. So, in order to get the application running, I simply had to change WIN to BSD sockets. Next I ran both files again and this time I got back a message from the server saying that it had received a message. Then I opened Wireshark to view what was going on between the client and server. In the top frame, I could see the handshake occurring between the client and server, the client was sending a SYN(Synchronize) and the Server was replying with a SYN-ACK, which means Synchronize acknowledgment. I also noted there was a push function occurring, and when I clicked on the psh function and viewed its output in the bottom frame of Wireshark, I could see the message that has been sent. Next I learnt about how to run the server I had created infinitely, to do this I put the entire code, starting at the #endif underneath “WSAStartup”, in a while loop. This would cause an issue later on in the lab, which I’ll discuss shortly. After putting in the code, I had to compile it again, and then when I ran it, I was able to continuously create a connection via the client. After that I wanted to have one of my classmates...
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...1. Using the Rule of Nines, A.N. sustained burns to 45% of her body when combing A&P sites. 2. Criteria to assess includes burns on the face and neck, singed nasal hair, hoarse, dry cough, bloody/sooty sputum, labored respirations. Additionally, edema, blisters, and ulcerations along the mucosal lining of the oorpharyngeal and laryngeal sites. The edema may continue to increase for 24-48 hours post injury, so close pulmonary assessment is pertinent. Asses initially for need of intubation with mechanical ventilation, continuous O2 saturation monitoring, pulmonary toilet, and CXR. Careful assessment in the order of respiratory distress and airway obstruction is essential. Assess for deep facial and neck burns, stridor, accessory muscle use, hypoxia, blistering/edema to the oropharyngeal airway, continuous ABG assessment in the order of intubation and mechanical ventilation need. 3. H&G 20 and 51 increase during the first 24-48 hours post inhalation injury secondary to hemoconcentration related to intravascular fluid volume loss. This is proportional to the level of fluid volume. As fluid returns to the intravascular space, H&H levels return to normal. H&H should decrease with adequate hydration. Serum potassium of 4.9 initially is expected to increase secondary to cellular lysis and fluid shifts to extracellular...
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...common clock. In the proposed approach although it is considered that cluster head ( a group leader ) is non-malicious but it may be malicious. A malicious cluster head will not report exact time as which it sends reference packets to all intended receivers, i.e. it will send a false time to all receivers. This false time will be used by group members for synchronisation. Hence all group nodes will synchronise to false time. This can be overcome by fixing the initial sender node as non-malicious. The proposed approach is able to overcome from external as well as internal attacker problems is group synchronisation. The external attacks are resolved with the help of MAC message authentication codes and the use of private keys and the internal attacks is finding out on the basis of send and receive time. Fei et al [8] address water monitoring. It has to be monitored as high chemical levels can cause health problems. The authors propose a scalable, low energy, delay tolerant water quality monitoring sensor network model. It is highly variable, has a long propagation delay and mobile. The time synchronisation mechanism can achieve satisfactory timestamp accuracy. The designed a correlation based security model to detect outlier timestamp data and identify nodes generating insider attacks. The scheme can also counter measure insider attacks. It uses low cost water sensors and uses multi hop wireless transmissions to relay data until finally reaching surface stations. The tree like routing...
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...Data usage not stable because it depend on user using internet. This is table of my data usage in three days. • On first day, I less using internet so data usage are less. I just surf internet like search in google, chat in media social, and view email. • Second days, data usage increase because more activities are doing such as watch video on YouTube, download some files, and playing game online. • Last day, I watching movies, playing game online, and update system laptop. Therefore, data usage more used than two days ago. • So last days is more data usage used than other days. Data usage depend on by user using internet. 6.0 Analysis: • This is date rate I took on second day for review data intervals in 1 second(s). • Data rate not stable in 1 second(s), average of data rate is 266k per...
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...generate the watermark an input frame is scanned to compute the , which represents the 128-bit hash value MD5 cryptographic function. The watermark is nothing but the bits of digital signature of hash value and secretes key . In the initial stage we extract the frames from the video sequence. The watermark generation process shown in Fig. 2. is explained in following steps: 1. The hash value is initialized to some arbitrary fixed value. 2. The position of the Last Non Zero (LNZ) level for each block is stored so that it can be used while extracting the watermark. 3. The value of the JPEG quantization matrix corresponding to LNZ is set to 1 so that after embedding the watermark bit the pixel value vary by plus or minus 1 instead of plus or minus . This modification in quantizer value leads to less distortion in video signal....
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...routing before the message is actually delivered to the application on the internet. The TTN backend implements such methods when it is placed between the gateways and the applications.\\ \begin{wrapfigure}{R}{0.5\textwidth} \centering \includegraphics[scale=0.15]{Routing-Services.png}\\ \caption{Routing-Services} \cite{LoRawan - the things network wiki_2017}. \label{fig:Routing-Services} \end{wrapfigure} The TTN backend performs the routing and processing in such a way that any interested party can set up their own network and their own part of the backend yet still utilize the core architecuter offered by the TTN backend. In order to help with the decentralization the components of the TTN backedn were split in a manner shown in the figure above. \\ End devices broadcast LoRaWAN messages over the LoRa radio protocol. These messages are then received by a number of Gateways (G) which is connected to a Router (R). The Router is responsible for managing the gateway's status and for scheduling transmissions. Each Router is connected to one or more Brokers (B). Brokers are the central part of The Things Network. Their responsibility is to map a device to an application, to forward uplink messages to the correct application and to forward downlink messages to the correct Router (which forwards them to a Gateway). The Network Server (NS) is responsible for functionality that is specific for LoRaWAN. A Handler (H) is responsible for handling the data of one...
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...internet based attacks. However, in the case of Stuxnet it is generally understood that the worm entered the system via the use of a USB stick. Once on the system the next step was getting the trust of the LAN within the facility, this was achieved through the use of a digital certificate contained in the worm (believed to be stolen from a company called “JMicron” based in Taiwan). Engineered into the worm and proving again how complex and complete the design was when this digital certificate was discovered it instantly replaced it with another digital certificate from another company called “Realtek”. Further investigation found that Realtek was also based in Taiwan, in fact the two companies where in the same industrial park. Figure 1 - How Stuxnet Works [6] An amazing fact with respect to Stuxnet was that it contained four “Zero Day” exploits, a Zero Day is defined in Wikipedia as follows: “A zero-day (or zero-hour or day zero) attack or threat is an attack that exploits a previously unknown vulnerability in a computer application or operating system, one that developers have not had time to address and patch. It is called a "zero-day" because the programmer has had zero days to fix the flaw (in other words, a patch is not available)”. [7] Stuxnet exploited a printer spooler vulnerability, a .LNK vulnerability along with vulnerabilities in the Task Scheduler files and Windows Keyboard file to elevate its privileges to fully control the system. Finally, the worm also...
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...Standard 5.Rl.2 Determine a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in text, including how characters in a story or drama respond to challenges or how the speaker in a poem reflects upon a topic; summarize the texts. ELA Compare and contrast two or more characters, setting, or events in a story or drama, drawing on specific details in the text (e.g. How characters interact). Content Objective(s) Students will be able to determine the theme, characters, events, and be able to respond to challenge in a fairy tale. Students will be able to compare and contrast the elements of a fairy tale in detail. Language Objective(s) Students will be able to verbally and write the theme of the fairy tale. Also be able to challenge the viewpoints of...
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...Exercise One Nt1310 Week 1 In: Computers and Technology Exercise One Nt1310 Week 1 NT1310:Week 1 Telecommunications By: Kenneth Martin You are an IT Network Specialist and are required to develop the design of the company’s telephone system for its new building which will begin construction in a few months. In order to get a background which will help when developing the new system, your supervisor asked you to research the current Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) currently used by the company. You must research the system components and report back to your supervisor , the Telecommunications Manager, within a week. 1. Describe a local land line phone system based on the following Landline Telephone Components: a. Local Loop a local loop is the wired connection from a telephone company's central office in a locality to its customers' telephones at homes and businesses. This connection is usually on a pair of copper wires called twisted pair. The system was originally designed for voice transmission only using analog transmission technology on a single voice channel. Today, your computer's modem makes the conversion between analog signals and digital signals. With Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), the local loop can carry digital signals directly and at a much higher bandwidth than they do for voice only. b. Central Office In telephone communication in the United States, a central office (CO) is an office in a locality...
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...NT1310 : Project Page 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION As the project manager for the Cable Planning team, you will manage the creation of the cable plan for the new building that will be built, with construction set to begin in six weeks. The deliverables for the entire Cable Plan will consist of an Executive Summary, a PowerPoint Presentation and an Excel Spreadsheet. You will develop different parts of each of these in three parts. The final organization should contain these elements: The Executive Summary: o Project Introduction o Standa rds and Codes Cable Standards and Codes Building Standards and Codes o Project Materials o Copper Cable, Tools, and Test Equipment o Fiber - Optic Cable, Tools, and Test Equipment o Fiber - Optic Design Considerations o Basement Server Complex Design o First Floor Design o Security and Safety o Component Cost, Picture, and source The Excel Spreadsheet: Component Names Component Descriptions Component Costs Total Project Costs The PowerPoint Presentation: Introductory Slide Component Slides with Component Name, Quantity Needed, Description, Price, Picture, and Reference (where to buy the component) Description of the Basement Telecommunications and Network Server Space Network Equipment Required for the Server Farm Cable Plant Design for the Basement NT1310 : Project Page 2 Standard Floor Desig n for Computers and Network Equipment Cable Plant for the Standard Floor Course Objectives Tested: ...
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