...World View Strayer University Psychology 110 Professor Brian Kester Bridget Smalls April 12, 2012 The most important thing that has influences my life or have shape me to become whom I am today. My parents and my grandparent play a great deal in my life. My mother was the firm and structure one that showed us that respected and good behavior will keep you firmly grounded to who you will become today. My father was the financial and disciplinary in the family. My dad made sure that every bill was paid and all our needs were met. My grandparent would tell us stories of their past and that played a great deal on rearing us into become good people. The media was never to influences by them as much but are great in giving information about my surrounding. It a very good educational way of learning the things that goes on in and around the world today. My parent really did not allow is to watch television much, however we used to sit around and listen to the radio as a family. I thought that was a great time for family and way for us to be good listener. I was influence a few times by my peers. I played hooky from school and found out that most of those girls had boyfriends, and they were going to things that I knew was not correctly right. I promise myself that I would never do that again, and it was a good lesson. I never told my parent because I would have upset them. Second was I got pregnant at and early age had a daughter and...
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...Observational Research and its Components Social Psychology Dr. Deborah Harris-Sims July 9, 2011 Observational Research and its Components Social psychology has three well renowned scientific methods for research. These are observational, correlational, and experimental techniques. This paper will explain that the true goal of observational research is description. To understand behavior so that it can be predicted, controlled, or explained, a scientist must describe it accurately (Franzoi, 2009) which I will explain. Observational research is a social technique that involves direct observation of a subject in it natural setting. It involves the recording test results and not manipulating any of the variables, while being able to be broken down into three categories, naturalistic observation, participant observation, and archival research. Naturalistic observation involves the examination of a subject and its behavior in its natural environment. Participant observation involves the examination of a subject and its behavior in its natural environment as a member of the study group. Example, a test is conducted on underage drinking and the observer is a party guest where alcohol is being served. The third and final type of observational research is archival research. Archival research involves the examination of pre-existing records of a group, individual, or culture. It is mainly used to study the beliefs and norms of a specific culture. Naturalistic...
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...Introduction It is estimated that nine out of ten research reports published within a clinical specialty journal described observational studies (Vandenbroucke et al., 2007). Too often, important information is left missing or unclear within these research reports (Elm et al., 2007). Consequently, this poor reporting means that the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results are hindered; therefore, recommendations for the reporting of research may improve the quality of reporting (Elm et al., 2007). In an attempt to demonstrate ‘good reporting’, a research report will be evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist (Elm et al., 2007). Research...
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...Describe the use of observational studies in psychological research discussing the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. To fully be able to do this we must first outline the different types of observational study and their key differences, i.e. the naturalistic, systematic and structured methodologies. For each of these methodologies this essay will not only provide a definition but also present real life studies extracted from peer reviewed sources and for each of these it will outline a brief description of their aims, methods and findings and will be concluded with the relative advantages and disadvantages of each study based on their method. Finally this essay will conclude by expressing the important role each method plays...
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...Organizational Psychology Paper Dana Martinez Organizational Psychology /428 August 9, 2010 Antonio Borrello Abstract Everything we in life has a tremendous impact on the way we behave, from the kind of foods we eat, the cars we drive, to the roof over our heads. Organizational psychology is described as a field that utilizes scientific methodology to better understand individuals working in organizational settings (University of Phoenix 2008). The use of organizational psychologist is designed to help the organization function more effectively. There are several benefits from an effective organization. This paper will not only define organizational psychology, but will also explore the role of research and statistics in organizational psychology and describe how organizational psychology can be used in organizations. Organizational Psychology Organizational psychology is the scientific study of individual and group behavior in formal organizational settings (University of Phoenix 2008).To further this definition, psychology alone focuses on individual behavior. Organizations will fall apart if they would allow its employees to do their own thing and not have structure. Organizational psychology is a must in all organizations. Without organizational psychology, employees will be allowed to do their own thing without being aware of the behavior of their co-workers. Organizational psychology is mostly focused on group-type settings, most commonly in offices and workplace...
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...systems with barcodes, C - paper based systems to administer medication, O – Reducing Medication errors. Research Design According to Houser (2015), quasi-experimental designs are studies of cause and effect that use convenience samples. “The most common quasi-experimental design is the nonequivalent comparison group before/after design” (Houser, 2015. p. 331). Subjects are not chosen randomly as with traditional research design, but are placed in groups of one or two. The research design used in this article is a before and after quasi-experimental study that compared medication errors using traditional paper charting before implementing electronic medication administration systems with barcodes. “Errors that involved early or late administration of medications were classified as timing errors and all others as nontiming errors” (Poon et al., 2010. p. 1)....
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...Descriptive research plays an important role in educational research because it has greatly increased our knowledge about what happens in the classroom. What is descriptive research? Descriptive research can involve collecting quantitative information, or it can describe categories of information such as patterns of interaction when using technology in the classroom. Although it may employ fundamentals of both quantitative and qualitative research, descriptive research does not fit neatly into the definition of either quantitative or qualitative research methodology. Descriptive research takes a “what is” approach. Types of questions that may be addressed using descriptive research include: What is the best way to provide access to computer equipment in schools? Do teachers hold favorable attitudes toward using computers in schools? What have been the reactions of school administrators to technological innovations in teaching? Using descriptive research methodologies with the educational setting may be advantageous for several reasons. Educational research and experiences may contain many variables that cannot be realistically controlled, educational research may require observations of life experiences, and data collection may be spread over a large number of people over a large geographic area. Descriptive research may be used most effectively within the educational setting because educational research experiences cannot be as realistically controlled as laboratory...
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...Math& 146 Project #1 - Research Design Due October 26, 2015 The purpose of this project is to introduce you to some of the considerations involved in collecting data. The process may be daunting, but once you have thought through many of the concerns, you will be well on your way to conducting research on a topic that interests you. To that end, I encourage you to choose a topic that genuinely inspires your curiosity. Project Requirements Type your answers to all questions on a separate sheet(s) of paper, with each response numbered to correspond with the question number. Your answers should be in full sentences, in appropriate English. Make all of your answers specific to the topic that you selected in question 1. Put your name and section on your submission. Cite all of your sources that are not me or the textbook. I do not require any formal citation style, as long as I would be able to track down your source if I needed to. Grading 6 points 6 points 4 points 4 points Coherence: This is not a English paper, but if I can’t understand what you mean, then I can’t give you full credit. Get a friend to read through your paper before you submit. Accuracy: Much of this project is subjective, but any statements of fact have to be true. All statistics terms should be used in accordance with their definitions. Completion: I hope these are 4 free points. Requirements met. The Project 1. Ideally your research idea should come from an area in which you have interest...
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...Health Research and Designs Kimberly Mongold HPR 460 Analysis of Health Research Instructor: Sarah Howell September 07, 2014 Health Research and Designs This paper is in regard to a cross-sectional study that was used to estimate the prevalence of tobacco consumption and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in private cars, commercial vehicles and taxis in the city of Barcelona in Spain (Curto, A., Martínez-Sánchez, J., & Fernández, E. (2011). “Cross sectional studies are the best way to determine prevalence and are useful at identifying associations that can then be more rigorously studied using a cohort study or randomised controlled study. Although they are quick and easy, they do not allow for the distinction between cause and effect” (Mann,C.J., 2003). Although most cross sectional studies are done using questionnaires, in this case the use observation to collect their data. The purpose of this study was to research the health effects from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in in private cars, commercial vehicles and taxis. The sample size was 2442 private cars, commercial vehicles and taxis on 40 public roads. There were two main variables, total tobacco consumption ,either by the driver or the passenger, and SHS exposure. This study provided an estimation of smoking in some types of vehicles and highlighted the need for public health measures that would be aimed at reducing tobacco consumption in private cars, especially in the presence of children...
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...behaviour and mental process with the ultimate goal of understanding consumers and groups of consumers (i.e. markets) for commercial purpose. So the only different in their definition according to me is the word “commercial”. So it is fair enough to say that marketing and psychology only differ in their application part. This research paper will emphasize on the optimistic marketing especially eliminating the use of word “NO” in business and its implications, with some examples from case studies in order to strengthen my argument. The research methodology adopted is observational research. Marketing is all about keeping all your senses open and then ‘sense and satisfy’ the needs of customers. So the examples explained in the research paper is based on the common observations done across some industries and finding out how ignorance has led to the use of negativity in the business and how the use of optimistic marketing can help change the situation. Some supporting examples from successful companies like Disneyland, Nordstorm and Lacoste is also discussed. These case studies and other facts presented in the paper obtained through the observational research throws light on, how creating a positive atmosphere in your business can create wonders. One of the simplest example is of any restaurant you have visited, it carries a signage saying “Outside eatables are NOT allowed” either on their wall or if it is a sophisticated one then in he menu card. Now hardly anybody would have questioned...
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...Organizational Psychology Paper Cherrise Smith University of Phoenix October 25, 2010 Wanda Moore Define organizational psychology The definition of organizational psychology is simple; it involves settings that are based on workplace or office psychology. These settings are applied to different types of groups, which take research, intervention, theories, and communication strategies to a whole different level in both non-workplaces and workplaces. Groups of people in this area get with each other and work together to accomplish important task and assist them to understand there connections. Organizational psychologists work with different types of people from middle executive to those of lower rank and management teams. Some workplaces want the employees to be as creative as possible. All in all, this means making sure everyone is communicating with each other and ensuring their bodies and minds are doing the same. Organizational psychology also focuses on individual behavior. Although it is focused on groups, individual behavior has become common in the setting to obtain information about the individual’s influences. Unlike groups and organizations, people behave. You derive a person’s sense of humor, taste and other behavioral elements from them, not the group or organization they are affiliated with. The focus on how individual’s influence and are influenced explain organizational processes that are not like social science disciplines, which do not...
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...There are many ethical challenges that have specific implications for qualitative research. These arise primarily from the emergent and unpredictable nature of the methodology involved. The ethical challenges that are pertinent to qualitative research concern the issues of informed consent procedures, the researcher-participant relationship, risk-benefit ratio, confidentiality and the dual role of the nurse-researcher. The aim of this paper is to discuss these ethical issues and illustrate how they may be resolved using examples from a multiple case study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with students, staff and educators. In the context of research ethics, the challenges that arose during this research project will be...
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...Introduction to Research 255-D15 LUO Prof. Erik Wiedman April 16, 2014 Introduction to Case Study In this paper, we will discuss what a case study is, reasons for performing case studies and the advantages and disadvantages in using a case study. Many case studies use observational methods classified as primarily quantitative or qualitative. Qualitative focuses on people’s behavior in their natural setting, where as quantitative focuses on behaviors that are counted. What is a Case Study? A case study is the way we describe a specific study of concern in individuals whether it’s their behavior, past history, symptoms, responses and reactions to treatment or any other factor that is relevant to the study. Though some case studies normally include individuals, they also can be in places such as “a business, school or neighborhood” (Ch.6, Pg.121). Case studies can also be performed over the telephone or in library research involving no direct contact in the visual observation of an individual. What are some reasons for using a case study approach? A case study typically is performed on individuals with rare and unusual conditions. This in-depth study is particularly useful when we need to obtain an in-depth appreciation of an issue, event or phenomenon of interest. The study can be in its natural setting or in a real life context. The main purpose is to obtain a great deal of information about important qualitative and quantitative observational methods in questioning...
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... Jennifer Nurse NUR408 January 2011 Nancy Nurse, EdD, RN, PHN, LSN Epidemiology: Global and Public Health According to the Centers for Disease Control, “diabetes affects 25.8 million people, 8.3% of the U.S. population” (Center for Disease control and Prevention, 2012, par 1). Twice as many African Americans are likely to develop diabetes than Caucasian Americans. These statistics represent how serious diabetes has become for the black community. Epidemiology can focus healthcare efforts and interventions to help lower the incidence of diabetes of the African Americans. This paper will focus on the role of epidemiology in the observation of the frequency of diabetes in the morbidity and mortality of American of African decent. This paper will also include the definition and description of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle, types of epidemiology, and prevention that is related with diabetes in the African American community. Definition and Description of Epidemiology Epidemiology is defined as, “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, p. 243). Epidemiology has provided an understanding of the factors, which contribute to health and disease, and the...
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...Paper 2752 ans 1b Management decision problem vs. marketing research problem· The decision problem should focus on what needs to be done? · The research problem should aim at providing information which enable the decision maker to take relevant decisions or carry out relevant actions in order to solve the problem · How can you avoid to make wrong specification of the research problem? o Wait until you have explored the decision problem sufficiently before you state your research problem o The typical research failure is to start the research process by making a proposal stating the methods which is to be used to complete the research o A more fruitful way of doing research is to examine the decision maker’s situation carefully in the first place with focus on: · The decision maker (organization) and its environment · Alternative courses of action · The objective of the decision maker · The consequences of alternative actions · Decision Problem: · The problem facing the decision maker (organization) for which the research is intended to provide answers or information · Research Problem: · A statement of the decision problem into research terms ans 1c. Research question vs. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a tentative statement predicting a particular relationship between two or more variables. If you want to know whether or not your study requires a hypothesis, ask yourself these questions: Are you undertaking a quantitative study...
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