...Assignment in Physics... 1. Definition of Science, Major branches of science 2. Scientific Method 3. Definition of Physics and its major branches 4. Notable Physicist and their contribution 5. Importance of Physics in our everyday life and in our society. (Write the references) Short bond paper, written or computerized (font: Times New Roman/font size: 12) Reading assign. Measurement Diff. system of measurement fundamentals and derive quantities scientific notation rules in significant figures conversion of units http://www.hep.man.ac.uk/babarph/babarphysics/physicists.html ) I.1 Science The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. I.2 The Branches of Science The Physical Sciences * Physics: The study of matter and energy and the interactions between them. Physicists study such subjects as gravity, light, and time. Albert Einstein, a famous physicist, developed the Theory of Relativity. * Chemistry: The science that deals with the composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of matter. The chemist Louis Pasteur, for example, discovered pasteurization, which is the process of heating liquids such as milk and orange juice to kill harmful germs. * Astronomy: The study of the universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth Sciences * Geology: The science of the origin, history, and structure...
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...Physics of Natural Disasters: Tsunamis Abstract This paper will be focusing on the physics generated from natural disasters. The specific natural disaster that will be focused on in this essay is tsunami waves. The paper will explain various ways that tsunamis may be generated which can even happen from the results of another natural disaster, the damage that tsunamis can cause as it hits land, and of course the physics in the tsunami’s waves relative to the damages. Most of the information for this paper will be taken from a study of the physics of tsunamis by the University of Washington, an explanation of the equations for tsunami waves and a few other sites mainly as visionary evidence. Formulas to better help understand the tsunamis and damage capabilities will be provided as well as photographic imagery so the formulas and information can be better related by actual visionary evidence of the tsunami and the destructive force that comes from the tsunami as contact is made with land. Photos will be numbered for reference through the essay and will appear in the end for reference. Tsunamis are one of the world’s most dangerous and a commonly formed natural disaster needing only a build up into a wall of water forced by other natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic eruptions. These cause the waves to become vertically displaced and they begin to form into much larger waves due to gravitational influence as the water attempts to find its equilibrium...
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...a way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments. It is also a good tool when we are searching for cause and effect relationships in nature. We already know the primary question being asked: How are the bodies of water on Earth affected by the Moon? To begin to answer our primary question we next ask: what causes tides? There are several kinds of tides. The ones that break upon a beach every 10 seconds to a minute are caused by sea level disturbances out in the ocean produced by such things as storms. Also the various circulation currents of sea water can have velocity components directed toward the land which will bring water up onto the beach. As this water travels toward the beach from deep water to shallow water, its amplitude will increase until it finally “breaks” as a full-fledged breaker, suitable for surfing, etc. Underlying this minute to minute activity is a slower water wave that causes in most places directly on the ocean an alternating pattern of high-tide, low-tide, high-tide, low-tide. This roughly six hour cycle is caused by the gravitational tugging of the Moon upon the Earth. This 'tidal' pull causes the shape of the solid Earth not to be perfectly round by something like a few dozen yards over its entire 43,452.288 kilometer circumference...
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...was through his extensive research in the general circulations, that modern day weather forecasting has emerged to what it has become today. Rossby had a well-established career in the geosciences, with a broad educational background. It wasn’t until later in his life did he come to publish his greatest works. Rossby published three works in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s that involve potential vorticity, which would help establish the ground work for his most famous work on Rossby waves. The 1936 paper shows the conservation of potential vorticity in a hydrostatic, shallow fluid state, while the 1938 paper is an extension to the highly stratified hydrostatic flow, this time using isentropic coordinates. The term potential vorticity is actually never used until the 1940 paper where it is introduced. The 1939 work by Rossby is considered by some the most famous work contributed by Rossby, as he explains the semipermanent centers of action which would become the well-known Rossby waves. INTRODUCTION When people think of meteorology, the first names to appear are John Dalton, Gabriel Fahrenheit, William Ferrel, and Anders Celsius. These men are the founders of modern meteorology and made tremendous contributions to the field. These names appear in many text books and are known throughout the world. However one such name that is only known in the science of Meteorology and not so much outside is that is Carl Gustaf Rossby. Rossby not only...
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...Joseph N. Frederick III PSC 1121C Spring 2011 Geophysics Geophysics can be broken down into several groups that deal with physical science and the earth. It is a field and profession that combines geology, mathematics, and physics all in an effort for people across the world to understand the ways of the world and exactly what it takes for certain seemingly unnatural events to happen. Geophysics covers a range of ideas from gravity, heat flow, seismic waves that cause vibrations through the Earth’s layers, radioactivity both geothermal and geochronological, electricity, electromagnetic waves and magnetism, fluid dynamics, and even condensed matter physics. So as we see, geophysics is indeed a very broad subject, yet when looked at under specific lights, we see that geophysics is no more than a name, a container, for all matters Earthly related. Most of these topics will most definitely be covered in this essay and if not talked about in depth, definitely mentioned seeing as how all of these ideas are valuable to everyone worldwide in getting to know and understand the way our home planet works in relation to ourselves and the space we occupy in the universe. (Beroza, Nelson, and Ilich, "The Department of Geophysics"). History The first traces of anything geophysically related first appear in regions inside of China during the Qin dynasty somewhere between two hundred twenty-one and two hundred six B.C. when Chinese fortunetellers used lodestones to create their fortune...
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...The Ocean The ocean makes up around 70% of the Earth’s surface. It is divided into several separate oceans which interconnect bodies of salt water. The major oceans are the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Artic Ocean. The ocean has many functions. It keeps the Earth’s temperature moderate by absorbing solar radiation. It is then stored as heat energy which is distributed around the globe by the ocean currents. This keeps the land and air warm during the winter and cools it down during the summer. According to MarineBio, temperature and density share an inverse relationship. As temperature increases, the density—spaces between the water molecules—decreases. On the other hand, salinity and density share a positive relationship. As density increases so does the salinity—the amount of salt in the water. Temperature will always change within the depths of the ocean because warm seawater floats and cold seawater sinks. When the temperature, density, or salinity of a layer of ocean changes rapidly, the region is known as a cline. Thermoclines are areas of rapid change in temperature, where most people swim in the ocean and are the most important. Pycnoclines are areas of rapid change in density and haloclines are areas of rapid change in salinity. Living in San Francisco, the ocean is pretty hard to ignore. Around my neighborhood tons of people head out to Ocean Beach on a hot sunny day. Watching the waves go back and forth from the shore to the ocean is hypnotizing...
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...Roger Truong Week 4 Physics Notes Experiment 1 * Rise and fall is pressure in the sound wave makes the flame move * The rise and fall in pressure makes the click sound * The rise and fall in the disturbance to what brings the sound to your ear * The square waves to what makes the flame move and bring the sound to your ear * The air molecules don’t move the disturbance does * For a 0.5 Hz your hear a click and the flame moves and resets * For 100 Hz the flame remains displaced and doesn’t recover * The transition from a click to a tone is between 20 and 50 Hz Reflection * Change in direction of a wave at an interference between two media wave returns into media from which it originated form. Wave Refraction * Change in direction of a wave when it passes from one medium to another caused by the different speeds of a wave * When water moves into different depths Wave Diffraction * Bending waves when they encounter an obstacle Absorption of waves * Reduction of energy in wave consumed by medium which it travels. * The main cause of absorption is Viscosity Interference * Two or more waves form coming together to make up a new wave Resonance * Tendency of a system to oscillate at a large amplitude at certain frequencies * Tendency to magnify a sound * The difference between an acoustic and electric guitar Wave Motion in Space and Time * Wave Motion in Space * Horizontal Axis:...
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...Application of Ocean Wave Generator Equipment K’Adesh A.D. Hepburn University of Arkansas Department of Electrical Engineering, Energy Systems Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 Abstract- This paper purposes the techniques and optimization of Ocean Wave Generation equipment. This paper analysis the characteristics and operational reformation of Power generation through Ocean wave technology, with special background in Oceanology. “Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy around the world.(Carbon Trust 2006)” [3]. Ocean Wave generator equipment should be primarily use for power generation. Ocean wave can be advantageous due to nonexistence fossil fuel coal emission and nuclear radiation. The most basic functionality requirement of a generator in a wave energy converter (WEC) is that of mechanical to electrical power conversion – in similar manner to the functionality of a generator in a fossil fuel power plant. [2]. Oppose to on water oil rigs, whose residue still resides in the gulf coast. Ocean Wave generator can be the future of renewable energy. The gist of Ocean Wave generation relies mostly on kinetic energy of the tidal wave develop by the wind. Power generation can be control with an Ocean Wave generator. Research is also being conduct on Ocean wave harvesting allowing us to harness this energy. However, there is the question about Marine life, if there are any harmful toxins that can jeopardize the marine life in a particular...
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...section of a whale's head. The sound a whale produces starts at the phonic Lips, that like a humans larynx, makes sound by vibrating in air. This sound makes it out of a whales head and into the water medium by passing through the whales melon shown as a big fatty lump between the whales blow hole and their nose. The purpose of the melon is to minimise the losses as the sound moves from the phonic lips (in air) out to the ocean (the water). The whale also uses its melon to change the direction. The sound move away from its head in the same way that a human cups there hands to better direct their hands to a far away listener. The whale varies the shape of the melon using air sacs that make up the shape of the melon. Toothed whales use echolocation to...
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...PHYSICS HISTORY OF PHYSICS Physics (from the Ancient Greek φύσις physis meaning "nature") is the fundamental branch of science that developed out of the study of nature and philosophy known, until around the end of the 19th century, as "natural philosophy". Today, physics is ultimately defined as the study of matter, energy and the relationships between them. Physics is, in some senses, the oldest and most basic pure science; its discoveries find applications throughout the natural sciences, since matter and energy are the basic constituents of the natural world. The other sciences are generally more limited in their scope and may be considered branches that have split off from physics to become sciences in their own right. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics. Ancient history Elements of what became physics were drawn primarily from the fields of astronomy, optics, and mechanics, which were methodologically united through the study of geometry. These mathematical disciplines began in antiquity with the Babylonians and with Hellenistic writers such as Archimedes and Ptolemy. Ancient philosophy, meanwhile – including what was called "physics" – focused on explaining nature through ideas such as Aristotle's four types of "cause". MAJOR FIELDS Branches of physics Physics deals with the combination of matter and energy. It also deals with a wide variety of systems, about which theories have been developed that are used by physicists...
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...Physics Project Earthquake Report Earthquakes are vibrations produced in the earth's outer layer, or crust, when forces pushing on a mass of rock overcome the friction holding the rock in place and blocks of rock slip against each other. The vibrations can range from barely noticeable to very destructive. There are 6 types of shock waves. Two are classified as body waves which means they travel through the earth's interior and the other four are surface waves. The waves are changed by the rock types or formations they hit. Primary or compressional waves which are referred to as "P waves" send particles moving back and forth in the same direction as the waves are traveling, secondary or transverse shear waves which are known as "S waves" send vibrations perpendicular to their direction of travel. P waves always travel at higher velocities than S waves. Three general classes of earthquakes are now recognized as tectonic, volcanic, and artificially produced. The tectonic variety is by far the most destructive. The most common cause of tectonic quakes are stresses by movements of the dozen of major and minor plates that make up the earth's crust . Most tectonic quakes occur at the boundaries of these plates, in zones where one plate slides past another Subduction-zone quakes account for nearly half of the world's destructive seismic events and 75% of the earth's seismic energy. They are along the Ring of Fire, a narrow band...
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...How is the scientific method used to solve problems? Scientific method used to solve problems by keen observations, rational analysis, and experimentation. Observation: Closely observe the physical world around you. How is the scientific method used to solve problems? Scientific method used to solve problems by keen observations, rational analysis, and experimentation. Observation: Closely observe the physical world around you. Question: Recognize a question or a problem. Hypothesis: An educated guess or a reasonable explanation. When the hypothesis can be tested by experiment, it qualifies as a scientific hypothesis Prediction: Consequences that can be observed if the hypothesis is correct. The consequences should be absent if the hypothesis is not correct. Conclusion: Formulate the simplest general rule that organizes the hypothesis, predicted effects, and experimental findings. What is the principle of falsifiability? For a hypothesis to be considered scientific it must be testable?it must, in principle, be capable of being proven wrong. Fact: A phenomenon about which competent observers can agree. Theory: A synthesis of a large body of information that encompasses well-tested hypotheses about certain aspects of the natural world. Law: A general hypothesis or statement about the relationship of natural quantities that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted. Also known as a principle. Evidence: which...
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...water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet; the liquid water component of the earth – includes atmospheric water vapor, ground water, lakes, rivers, polar icecaps, oceans * Oceans 87.54% * Ice caps 1.81% * Groundwater .63% * Everything else .02% | Condensation | The conversion of water from the vapor to the liquid state. When it occurs, the energy required to vaporize the water is released into the atmosphere. This is about 585 calories per gram of water at 20°C | Viscosity | A property of a substance to offer resistance to flow caused by internal friction | Latent heat | The quantity of heat gained or lost per unit of mass as a substance undergoes a change of state (such as liquid to solid) at a given temperature and pressure | Icecap | Ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area | Dissolved solids | Cl, Na, SO4, Mg, Ca, K; Salinity is a measure of amount of dissolved material in water after correcting for gases and organic material | Dissolved gases | At the ocean/atmosphere interface, gases are added to seawater by diffusion and wave action. Gas composition at the ocean surface is in equilibrium with atmosphere. Gas composition changes with time and depth in the oceans | Hydrologic cycle | The cycle of water exchange among the atmosphere, land, and ocean through the processes of evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and subsurface percolation. Also called the water cycle | Ground water | Water located beneath the Earth’s surface...
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...of scattering, and some other properties of light. Get as many of the following materials as possible: A 1 liter beaker or 1 qt glass jar (a 12 oz glass will do), some milk, a laser pointer or other low power laser, a prism or diffraction grating and some lenses, and a lab notebook to record your observations. Fill the beaker with cold tap water and shine your laser through it. Mix 2-3 drops of milk into the water. Take the mixture into a dimly lit, or dark, room. Shine the laser through the side of the beaker and look through the top of the beaker, jar, or glass. What do you see? The mixture you made is called a colloidal suspension. Now shine the laser up through the side of the beaker toward the center of surface of the suspension. [Physics FAQ] - [Copyright] Original by Philip Gibbs May 1997. Why is the sky blue? A clear cloudless day-time sky is blue because molecules in the air scatter blue light from the sun more than they scatter red light. When we look towards the sun at sunset, we see red and orange colours because the blue light has been scattered out and away from the line of sight. The white light from the sun is a mixture of all colours of the rainbow. This was demonstrated by Isaac Newton, who used a prism to separate the different colours and so form a spectrum. The colours of light are distinguished by their different wavelengths. The visible part of the spectrum ranges from red light with a...
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...School Physics Effectively Christopher C. Bernido and l\faria Victoria Carpio-.Rernido Research Center for Theoretical Physics Central Visayan Institute Foundation Jagna, Bohol 6308, Philippines The Ascending Levels of Learning and Pedagogical ~1axims that could guide effective teaching of physics are presented. As an example of how these may be applied, the Dynamic Learning Prof:,lfam (DLP) of the Central Visayan Institute Foundation is briefly discussed. The DLP, together with 21st century technology, provides a scenario where the perennial lack of high school physics teachers in the Philippines can be bypassed. Introduction The breadth of topics that may be covered in teaching physics can be extremely wide. After all, physics probes the smallest things in the universe (the quarks and leptons), aiJ the way up to the "biggest" subject one can think of-the birth, death, and fate of the universe itself. One definition for physics states that it is the study of matter and energy. Most everything in the universe is either matter or energy, and this can make physics quite interdisciplinary. No wonder, therefore, that sub-areas in physics may be referred to as Biophysics, Geophysics~ Chemical Physics, Mathematical Physics, Astrophysics, Nuclear Physics, Econophysics, etc., and one also has the physics of sports, the physics of art, and so on. Because of its breadth, there is always the danger to learn physics by rote. How then do we approach the teaching of physics? Ideally...
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