...From there, research is conducted to determine what testing has already been done in regards to the selected question. This helps scientists avoid repeating testing unnecessarily and can help the scientist draw conclusions; accept or reject the hypothesis or even modify the hypothesis is necessary. The next step is conducting the experiment, to confirm or disprove the hypothesis. Once the experiment is concluded, the scientist begins reviewing the data analysis of what transpired during the experiment. Once the analysis is reviewed, the scientist will state a conclusion based on the review of data and will determine if the hypothesis was correct. In this paper, the scientific method will be traced in an experiment involving mice and coffee, where the researchers were interested in the effect coffee consumption had upon mice that were genetically engineered to become diabetic. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether the ingestion of coffee amends the development of hyperglycemia and improved insulin sensitivity suggests that coffee has antidiabetic properties and whether caffeine might be one of the...
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...many open ended questions and materials that the children can use their imagination to create different projects. We as teachers can plan activities that will further foster the development of language and creative activities in art based on their observations. Teachers will encourage oral language between children, asking many open-ended questions, and to impose the importance of safety with materials and taking turns. They will also have the experience of joy that comes from creating unique products (West, 2006). Materials non-toxic Glue brushes Scissors Rulers Stencils Tape Hole Punchers Stapler Paper Play Dough Rolling Pins Cookie Cutters Markers Pencils Crayons non-toxic Paints Smocks Easels Drying Rack First, I would read a book during circle time about colors and what happens when you mix them, the activity will be color mixing. I think a good book that depicts this is” Mouse Paint “by Ellen Stoll Wash. The book is about three little white mice that discover jars of red, blue, and yellow paint. It tells the story of what happens when these mice dip into one color...
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...material is biodegradable. However, the process of decomposition is slow and it gives an unpleasant view on the surrounding during this process. Hence, the wasted plant material adds up to a pile of garbage. Therefore, it is better to use the fruit of the Makopa to produce a product out of it in the form of anti-diabetic for every household. Most often, this tree is usually used as shade and the fruit of it is sometimes useless for when it falls to the ground, they are just swept and thrown away. Makopa trees when full grown, can serve as shelter to animals, like the gecko, or bugs and they may eat the fruits. To avoid wasting these fruit, it could be utilized as an anti-diabetic. Makopa should be used in a way that will benefit us. This observation gave the researchers the idea of using the Makopa as an effective treatment to diabetes which is very expensive nowadays. Statement of the Problem This study was conducted to produce sweetener out of the Makopa fruit. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions: 1. What are the active components of makopa extract? 2. What is the level of effectiveness of the makopa extract in reducing the blood sugar of a diabetic rat? 3. Is there a significant effect in the blood sugar level of diabetic rat? Scope and Limitations This study was confined on the analysis of the fruits of Makopa and to find out the glycemic effect of Makopa extract to diabetic rats. The researchers will gather Makopa and it will be...
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...1902 Sutton made a discovery and deduced that chromosomes were the base of heredity. His paper drew the connection between Mendel’s laws of heredity and chromosomes. While conducting his research Walter would have been limited by technology and ideas of the time for example during this time period religion was very powerful and manipulated and shamed many discoveries during this time period that disagreed with their beliefs in this case it meant that a person was not created by god but by DNA. Another limitation that Walter had while researching was the technology available at the time the high tech microscopes needed to assist his research were unavailable. Another great scientist is Thomas Hunt Morgan. American geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan, (1866-1916) is credited with confirming the relationship between chromosomes and heredity in 1910. As well as the discovery of a pair of chromosomes called the sex chromosomes that determine the sex of offspring, Morgan’s fruit fly breeding experiment showed that the information carried is in the form of genes. He was the first geneticist to associate a specific gene with a specific chromosome. Morgan’s research team carried out experiments with white-eyed male fruit flies and red-eyed females flies. After a multitude of mating’s Morgan’s team concluded that white eyes were a characteristic that the male chromosome possessed. Therefore this observation led to them believing that the white eye colour was inherited as well as the sex of the...
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...Galilei(Astronomer) | 1564-1642 | he discovered the four primary moons of Jupiter (now known as the Galilean moons), as well as the rings of Saturn. Though a model of the Earth circling the sun was first proposed by Copernicus, it took some time before it became widely accepted. | Albert Einstein(Astronomer) | 1879-1955 | Einstein suggested that the laws of physics are the same throughout the universe, that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant, and that space and time are linked in an entity known as space-time, which is distorted by gravity | John Dalton(Meteorologist) | 1787 | Dalton was trying to explain why gases stay mixed, instead of settling out in layers in the atmosphere. Atomic weights were basically an afterthought in a paper he presented, and he was encouraged to study them further. | Cleveland Abbe(Meteorologist) | 1871 | Cleveland Abbe inaugurated a public weather service that served as a model for the national weather service, which was organized shortly thereafter as a branch of the U.S. Army Signal Service. In 1871 he was appointed chief meteorologist of the branch, which in 1891 was reorganized as the U.S. Weather Bureau (later the National Weather Service), and he served in that capacity more than 45 years | Vladimir Alekseevich Abazarov(Geologist) | 1930 - 2003 | He took part in discovering of large and unique oil fields in Western Siberia. V. A. Abazarov is a discoverer of the largest Russian Samotlor oil field. | James...
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...Running head: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY PAPER Scientific Discovery Paper On Penicillin Tracey Ann Elledge University of Phoenix, Las Vegas NV Creative Minds and Critical Thinking PHL 458 Cornell Horn, M.A.; M.A. December 01, 2009 Scientific Discovery Paper Penicillin is an antibiotic that destroys bacteria by destroying the cell wall of the microorganism. It does this by inactivating an enzyme necessary for the cross linking of bacterial cell walls. The enzyme is known as the Tran peptidase. It accepts the penicillin as a substrate, it the alkanolates a nucleophilic oxygen of the enzyme, rendering it inactive. Cell wall construction stops and the bacteria soon die. The antibiotic nature of the penicillin so due to the strain lactam ring, on opening the ring strain is relieved this makes penicillin more reactive than ordinary amides. Before penicillin a simple pinprick or tiny cut could have been lethal. There are so many people easily catching infections that would rage out of control. Children died regularly from scarlet fever, from infections of the bones, throat, stomach or, brain. Many of us would not be here today had it not been for the discovery of penicillin. In 1928, Alexander Fleming made a chance discovery from an already discarded, contaminated Petri dish. The mold that had contaminated the experiment turned out to contain powerful antibiotic, penicillin. However, though Fleming was credited with the discovery, it was over a decade...
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...1. the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge"[1]) is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.[2][3][4] In an older and closely related meaning, "science" also refers to a body of knowledge itself, of the type that can be rationally explained and reliably applied. A practitioner of science is known as ascientist. 2. This study examines differences in standards of research publications between the physical sciences and the social sciences. The results of the first two hypotheses tested indicate that the predominant form of publication in the physical sciences are articles, whereas books predominate in the social sciences. Furthermore, differences were found in the relevant dimension of publication between faculties in more prestigious departments and faculties in less prestigious departments. The policy implications of these findings to university administration are discussed. Physical Science is an encompassing term for the branches of natural science and science that study non-living systems, in contrast to the life sciences. However, the term "physical" creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary distinction, since many branches of physical science also study biological phenomena. There is a difference...
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...Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Setting Introduction Thrombocytopenia or abnormally low platelet counts in the body are typically caused by genetic disorder or fatal diseases. This condition may result from thromboembolic or hemorrhagic complications caused by heparin as well as from various diseases states such as chronic liver disease and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In most rural areas a health care institution is often inaccessible and most patients cannot afford high cost medication. Henceforth, herbal medicines are often used as an alternative treatment. Inadequacy of providing supportive treatment to correct the decrease of platelet is fatal to patients. Thus, several decoctions of herbal plants are purportedly used to improve platelet count. Recently, the mortality rate in heparin – induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) has been reported as high as 20% (Greinacher & Lubanow, 2003). Retrospective data shows that up to 8% of heparinized patients will develop the antibody associated with HIT and that approximately 1–5% of patients on heparin will progress to develop HIT with thrombocytopenia suffering from venous and/or arterial thrombosis in at least one-third of cases (Warkentin et al., 1998). Heparin – induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially devastating immune mediated adverse drug reaction caused by the emergence of antibodies that activate platelets in the presence of heparin. Despite thrombocytopenia, bleeding is rare; rather, HIT is strongly associated with...
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...Charles Darwin & Evolution Life Work Evolution Pre Darwinian ideas Variation Natural Selection Sexual Selection Speciation Human evolution The Response to Darwin What about Wallace? Impact Updating Darwin Case Studies Applications Darwin & Cambridge Today For Kids For Teachers Natural Selection Natural selection is Darwin’s most famous theory; it states that evolutionary change comes through the production of variation in each generation and differential survival of individuals with different combinations of these variable characters. Individuals with characteristics which increase their probability of survival will have more opportunities to reproduce and their offspring will also benefit from the heritable, advantageous character. So over time these variants will spread through the population. Natural selection in the evolutionary framework: For natural selection to work, it has to occur along with a bunch of other things. Historians and biologists who have analysed Darwin’s work, for example Ernst Mayr, have identified five theories which Darwin outlined in On the Origin of Species, and which work together to bring about evolution. Darwin’s five theories were: 1. Evolution: species come and go through time, while they exist they change. 2. Common descent: organisms are descended from one, or several common ancestors and have diversified from this original stock 3. Species multiply: the diversification of life involves populations of one species diverging until...
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...immunological applications and for testing novel therapeutics, and it is a reliable, clinically relevant facsimile of the human disease. Here we investigate whether this model can be used to study other components of the human body, e.g. ultrastrucure. In particular, we investigate the effect of the phytomedicine Euphorbia hirta (used to treat asthma), on the ultrastructure of fibrin as well as platelets, cellular structures that both play an important role in the coagulation process. Hydrocortisone is used as positive control. Ultrastructure of the fibrin networks and platelets of control mice were compared to mice that were asthmatic, treated with two concentrations of hydrocortisone and one concentration of the plant material. Results indicate control mice possess major, thick fibers and minor thin fibers as well as tight round platelet aggregates with typical pseudopodia formation. Minor fibers of asthmatic mice have a netlike appearance covering the major fibers, while the platelets seem to form loosely connected, granular aggregates. Both concentrations of hydrocortisone make the fibrin more fragile and that platelet morphology changes form a tight platelet aggregate to a more granular aggregate not closely fused to each other. We conclude that E. hirta does not impact on the fragility of the fibrin and that it prevents the minor fibers...
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...OFFICE ERGONOMICS The purpose of the visits to the worksite was to determine the physical demands of the pre-injury job duties and provide an opinion on whether the job demands exceed the precautions for the worker’s bilateral wrist injury. ABC Company recently purchased new workstations for two employees one of the employee’s voiced some new concerns. The employee has been experiencing ongoing right elbow and right wrist pain. The employee indicated that they were receiving physiotherapy treatments for their discomfort. The employee reported experiencing mid back discomfort since their return to work from a short absence due to illness and began using the new workstation. The purpose of this evaluation was to review the workstation, determine any areas of concern and provide recommendations. The new workstation is adjustable in 1/2” increments. The employee performs most of their tasks on the computer working on computer software with clicking and manipulating the mouse. The employee reviews plot sheets and writes notes on the sheets and makes necessary changes on the computer. Setting the proper desk height and keyboard height are key elements to avoiding non-neutral postures of the back, shoulders, neck, arms and wrists. The desk was set at the employees optimal work height. End-user orientation was completed to demonstrate the use of the articulating keyboard tray. It was determined that the tray height was positioned too high which promoted increased elevation...
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...Astronomy Research and the Search of Extraterrestrial Life Faith M. Sorensen SCI/151 March 22, 1015 John Serri The search for life outside of our world has become a full time job for our astrophysicists they search day in and day out looking and seeking for life on other planets and in other solar systems. The life on earth as we know it can only exist because we have the right mixture of properties to provide us with the perfect planet setting and atmosphere. Describe the properties of life on Earth. All living creatures and organisms have the same basic characteristics and/or functions, sensitivity, response or order to their environment, development and growth, reproduction, homeostasis, regulation and processing energy. When we view these together the eight items define life. Organisms and creatures are organized and coordinated structures that consist of one or more cells. Even the very simple, single-celled organisms and creatures are complex. Inside each cell atoms make up molecules, these atoms and molecules in turn make up organelles and other inclusions. In a multicellular organism or creature similar cells from tissues. These tissues in turn work together to form organs. Organs collaborate to form organ systems. Organisms respond to different stimulus. A good example of this is that plants grow toward the light they also climb on walls and fences or respond to the touch. Even the smallest bacteria can move away or toward chemicals. Movement toward...
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...University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Business - Papers Faculty of Business 2014 Actor Network Theory Karin Garrety University of Wollongong, karin@uow.edu.au Publication Details Garrety, K. (2014). Actor Network Theory. In H. Hasan (Eds.), Being Practical with Theory: A Window into Business Research (pp. 15-19). Wollongong, Australia: THEORI. http://eurekaconnection.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/p-15-19-actor-network-theorytheori-ebook_finaljan2014-v3.pdf Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: research-pubs@uow.edu.au Actor Network Theory Abstract Actor-Network Theory (ANT) emerged from science and technology studies, though it was inspired by grounded theory and semiotics. In the 1970s, Bruno Latour (a French anthropologist and social scientist) and Steve Woolgar (a British sociologist) undertook ethnographic field work at the Salk Institute in California. This research was inspired by grounded theory and Latour and Woolgar approached their study of work in the endocrinology laboratory as if they were anthropologists observing a hitherto unknown and strange set of practices. In other words, they did not fit their observations into any preconceived notions of scientific method, or how science 'should' be done. The resulting, highly influential book Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts(1979, re-released...
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...Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in the first 3 years of life, and affects the brain's normal development of social, communication skills, and restricted and repetitive behavior. It affects the processing and organization of information to the brain. But this is only one of the recognized disorders in the autism spectrum, the other two are Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder. Autism has a strong genetic basis, and in rare cases, is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child's life. The signs usually develop gradually, but some autistic children first develop more normally and then regress. Early behavioral or cognitive intervention can help autistic children gain self-care, social, and communication skills. Although there is no known cure, there have been reported cases of children who recovered. Not many children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, though some become successful. An autistic culture has developed, with some individuals seeking a cure and others believing autism should be accepted as a difference and not treated as a disorder. Social deficits distinguish autism and the related autism spectrum disorders from other developmental disorders. People with autism have social impairments and often lack the intuition about others that many people take for granted. Some unusual social development becomes noticeable in early childhood...
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...Collating and Interpreting the Scientific Data (Methodology) 5 5 Primary Reciprocal Effects between High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Systems (Biophysical and Biochemical Processes) 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 Thermal Effects 3.1.1 Effects of Homogenous Warming 3.1.2 Microthermal Effects Direct Field Effects 3.2.1 Effects from the Electrical Component of the Electromagnetic Field 3.2.2 Effects from the Magnetic Component of the Electromagnetic Field Quantum Effects Other Effects Particular Properties of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Biological Primary Effects of High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Effects on Cellular Level 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 Criteria for the Selection of Papers Assessment Criteria Gene Toxicity Cellular Processes 4.2.1 Gene‐Transcription and Gene‐Translation 4.2.2...
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