...Production and Operations Functions under the changing Techno-structural Environment By Shweta R. Chinchole September 2nd, 2013 Abstract: Majority of organizations today are restructuring, changing the work design and adapting the employee involvement (engagement) process in the business. However every function in an organization may or may not respond well to these changes. This paper focuses on the effects of Downsizing (effective way of restructuring the organization) and employee empowerment on the production and operation functions in the manufacturing industry. Employee empowerment has a positive impact on Production functions under specific conditions and with more of trust and social relationship between the management and employees. Empowerment is a boon to the manufacturing industry, as the in-depth knowledge of technical employees in operations is well utilized by the management. The Operation functions brings together raw materials with the production process to make products that customers need, here employees form the core, around which these processes revolve. Downsizing creates opportunities to identify, train and develop capable employees to fulfill more responsible roles in production and operation departments. Downsizing, from a company perspective, is a very positive event targeted to make their products better, increase their profit, and streamline operations. In organizations that have restructured, many do not handle the process of downsizing well and can...
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...Chapter 2 Effective Operations Management * Read IKEA Case (page 13 – 14): The key point of this case is why IKEA is able to survive and succeed? - It certainly keeps a very tight control of its costs. - It understands its market and how it can serve the needs of its customers. - The products it designs and sells must be regarded by its customers as representing outstanding value for money. - The way it organizes the delivery of its services within its stores. All are engaged in operations management. * Important Definitions: - The Operations Function, it is the arrangement of resources which is devoted to the production of its goods and services, and could be called in other organizations as operation system. - Operations Managers, are the staff who are responsible for managing some or all the resources which compromise the operation function and they are given different titles according to the function of the organization such as 'fleet manager' for distribution company or 'administrative manager' in hospitals an so on. - Operation management, it is used for the activities, decisions and responsibilities of operation manager. OPERATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION * Operation function is an important function but it is not the only one in any organization. Organizations are divided into three major functions beside operation: - The marketing function. - The accounting and finance function. - The product/service development function. * Support functions: ...
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...Part One Introduction 1. The Operations Function 3. Product Design The introductory part of this book provides an overview of the operations management field and some of the prerequisites for decision making in operations: operations strategy and product design. After reading this part, the student should have an appreciation for the importance of operations to the firm, the major decisions made in operations, the linkages of operations decisions to other functions, and the need for strategy to guide all operations decision making. New-product design is treated as a cross-functional decision responsibility that precedes production of goods or services. 2. Operations and Supply Chain Strategy Chapter One The Operations Function Chapter outline 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Why study operations management? Definition of operations management Decisions at Pizza U.S.A. Operations decisions—a framework Cross-functional decision making Operations as a process Contemporary operations themes Key points Student Internet exercises Discussion questions Selected bibliography “What Is OM?” Vol. XI 2 Operations management, as a field, deals with the production of goods and services. Every day we come in contact with an abundant array of goods or services, all of which are produced under the supervision of operations managers. Without effective management of operations, a modern industrialized society cannot exist. Operations is the engine that creates profit for the enterprise...
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...What is operations management? Operations management defined Operations management is the activity of managing the resources which are devoted to the production and delivery of products and services. 1 The consultancy services market – % of world revenues of 40 largest consultancy firms Financial 6 Organizational design 11 Marketing / sales 2 Operations and process management 31 Benefits / actuarial 16 Corporate strategy 17 IT strategy 17 The operations function is fashionable! Back office operation in a bank Kitchen unit manufacturing operation Retail operation They are all operations Take-out / restaurant operation 2 The best way to start understanding the nature of ‘operations’ is to look around you Everything you can see around you (except the flesh and blood) has been processed by an operation Every service you consumed today (radio station, bus service, lecture, etc.) has also been produced by an operation Operations Managers create everything you buy, sit on, wear, eat, throw at people, and throw away A general model of operations management Transformed resources … Materials Information Customers Design Input resources Transforming resources … Facilities Staff Operations management Planning and control Operations strategy The operation’s strategic objectives Operations strategy The operation’s competitive role and position Improvement Output products and services Customers 3 Operations management at IKEA Design...
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...Marketing, Operation Management, Human Resources, and Finance. In addition communication plays an important role in the organizations function. Even though communication is not designated as separate function, communication play a cross functional role. Functions are very important for developing goods and services and making it reach to the consumers which are called task functions. Task functions are basic activities that relates to the completion of the product. Also, there are other functions which are not directed towards are the end results which is known as element function. Some examples of element function are Human Resources, IT, Quality Control, and Maintenance. For each function there is a manager that oversees the work and helps with the coordination of activities and make sure the activities are completed effectively. In addition, there is also a function in management which consists of planning, leading, organizing and controlling. Even though there is a manager in all area of the business, each manager has their way of managing their functional area of the business. Though a business has many functions, a business cannot be viewed as a set of functions which include the following reasons. * There are overlapping functions. For instance a Product manager may do a lot of marketing activities though marketing is a separate function area. * There needs to be communication among the functional area and set activities that are done by functions. This means...
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...management function, in that it can be done independently of the other management functions. The four key functions of management are applied throughout an organization. Management is simply the act of getting people together to achieve desired goal and this is accomplished through the four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Planning means defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them. The intended result is the use of an organization's resources in a way that accomplishes its mission and objectives. However planning alone cannot achieve the organization’s goals or objectives. These functions interact with one another and managers must be skilled in these coordinating processes and functions if they are to accomplish their goals through the efforts of other people. First, one cannot tell which functions are most important and how much time must be allocated to each. All functions are important parts of a manager's job. A manager must have equal amount of planning, organizing, controlling, and directing for the organization to run efficiently. To say Planning is more superior or more important than the other management functions, is to say that planning is independent of the other management functions, is very much incorrect. No management function is independent of each other. In fact they are interdependent on each other. All four functions throughout...
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...the application of linear and quadratic equations, word problems, polynomials, and rational and radical equations. Students perform operations on real numbers and polynomials and simplify algebraic, rational, and radical expressions. Arithmetic and geometric sequences are examined, and linear equations and inequalities are discussed. Students learn to graph linear, quadratic, absolute value, and piecewise-defined functions and solve and graph exponential and logarithmic equations. Other topics include solving applications using linear systems as well as evaluating and finding partial sums of a series. Course Objectives After completing this course, students will be able to: ● Identify and then calculate perimeter, area, surface area, and volume for standard geometric figures ● Perform operations on real numbers and polynomials. ● Simplify algebraic, rational, and radical expressions. ● Solve both linear and quadratic equations and inequalities. ● Solve word problems involving linear and quadratic equations and inequalities. ● Solve polynomial, rational, and radical equations and applications. ● Solve and graph linear, quadratic, absolute value, and piecewise-defined functions. ● Perform operations with functions as well as find composition and inverse functions. ● Graph quadratic, square root, cubic, and cube root functions. ● Graph and find zeroes of polynomial...
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...segment. PDM is used by all functions in managing the projects execution as well as during life cycle of the asset for operation and maintenance. Currently engineering data and documents are produced and managed though many different IT platforms and systems. Due to multiple cycle of information production by different functions, this process is inefficient, high cost and prone to errors. Recent technological innovation provides a common database foundation which is accessible for data and document generation, updating and sharing between different functions. This innovation provides a high quality, lower cost and faster response to project requirements. This application is relevant to all engineering turnkey projects whether in Oil & Gas or other sectors. Integration of centralized PDM foundation database in the work process and Implementing in on the projects is leading to Innovation and positively impacting the project performance. PDM stores all data related to project that is generated and used during design, procurement, fabrication, installation and commissioning followed by operation and maintenance of the asset. Much of the data in PDM comes from sources such as Computer Aided Design ( CAD ) and simulation tools. Data also comes from procurement information, fabrication processes and commissioning systems as well as planning software. Most of this data is generated during design phase of the project and subsequently used by all other function. Procurement uses the equipment...
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...%LJ 2 QRWDWLRQ Big O notation (with a capital letter O, not a zero), also called Landau's symbol, is a symbolism used in complexity theory, computer science, and mathematics to describe the asymptotic behavior of functions. Basically, it tells you how fast a function grows or declines. Landau's symbol comes from the name of the German number theoretician Edmund Landau who invented the notation. The letter O is used because the rate of growth of a function is also called its order. For example, when analyzing some algorithm, one might find that the time (or the number of steps) it takes to complete a problem of size n is given by T(n) = 4 n2 - 2 n + 2. If we ignore constants (which makes sense because those depend on the particular hardware the program is run on) and slower growing terms, we could say "T(n) grows at the order of n2" and write:T(n) = O(n2). In mathematics, it is often important to get a handle on the error term of an approximation. For instance, people will write ex = 1 + x + x2 / 2 + O(x3) for x -> 0 to express the fact that the error is smaller in absolute value than some constant times x3 if x is close enough to 0. For the formal definition, suppose f(x) and g(x) are two functions defined on some subset of the real numbers. We write f(x) = O(g(x)) (or f(x) = O(g(x)) for x -> C such that |f(x)| to be more precise) if and only if there exist constants N and C |g(x)| for all x>N. Intuitively, this means that f does not grow faster...
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...Chapter 18 Production Planning and Control In any manufacturing enterprise production is the driving force to which most other functions react. This is particularly true with inventories; they exist because of the needs of production. In this chapter the relationship of production planning and control to work-in-process inventories is stressed. Objectives of Production Planning Control The ultimate objective of production planning and control, like that of all other manufacturing controls, is to contribute to the profits of the enterprise. As with inventory management and control, this is accomplished by keeping the customers satisfied through the meeting of delivery schedules. Specific objectives of production planning and control are to establish routes and schedules for work that will ensure the optimum utilization of materials, workers, and machines and to provide the means for ensuring the operation of the plant in accordance with these plans. Production Planning and Control Functions All of the four basic phases of control of manufacture are easily identified in production planning and control. The plan for the processing of materials through the plant is established by the functions of process planning, loading, and scheduling. The function of dispatching puts the plan into effect; that is, operations are started in accordance with the plant. Actual performance is then compared to the planned performance, and, when required, corrective action is taken. In some instances...
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...1.0 Introduction An objective of writing this report is to identity and analyzes operation system applied in IKEA, the well-known low cost yet high quality home of furnishing. Function, process and strategy of IKEA operation system will be accessed to identity the core competency that lead to the successfulness of IKEA in the world. Besides, other purpose in complete this report is to analyze the strength and weakness of operation system in IKEA. Operation management is procedure where processes of production or deliver goods and services is being monitoring and managing. Operations management is the activity of managing the resources which produce and deliver products and services (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2010). Operations management is important because without a proper operations management, an organization will unable to transform their knowledge, information, skill and resources to produce products or service in order to add value and satisfaction to their consumers to generate profits. 1.1 Background of IKEA IKEA, an internationally well-known Swedish home of furnishing, started its operation in 1943, by founder - Ingvar Kamprad. It is the largest Swedish home furnishing retailer and designer in the world. IKEA is very famous with it low price concept where they produce and offer well-designed and functional home furnishing products at price as low as possible with variety of choices. They target to sell their brand to as many as possible of consumer who afford...
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...Chapter 18 Production Planning and Control In any manufacturing enterprise production is the driving force to which most other functions react. This is particularly true with inventories; they exist because of the needs of production. In this chapter the relationship of production planning and control to work-in-process inventories is stressed. Objectives of Production Planning Control The ultimate objective of production planning and control, like that of all other manufacturing controls, is to contribute to the profits of the enterprise. As with inventory management and control, this is accomplished by keeping the customers satisfied through the meeting of delivery schedules. Specific objectives of production planning and control are to establish routes and schedules for work that will ensure the optimum utilization of materials, workers, and machines and to provide the means for ensuring the operation of the plant in accordance with these plans. Production Planning and Control Functions All of the four basic phases of control of manufacture are easily identified in production planning and control. The plan for the processing of materials through the plant is established by the functions of process planning, loading, and scheduling. The function of dispatching puts the plan into effect; that is, operations are started in accordance with the plant. Actual performance is then compared to the planned performance, and, when required, corrective action is taken. In some instances...
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...from all functions in Marketing Group, as well as to develop strategy roadmap as guidelines to all functions, in order to ensure that operations are planned and implemented smoothly, as well as to ensure operations are in alignment with overall Telenor Group’s strategic initiative and direction YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES * Ensure understanding of policy and procedures of marketing strategy/plan consolidation operations, in order to understand tasks needed to be carried out, according to function’s policies and frameworks, as well as to ensure alignment and compliance with legal regulations and with Telenor Group’s overall direction, standards and governance * Conduct in-depth market research and analysis on consumer’s lifestyle, competition landscape and other related trends, in order to support and facilitate consolidation of marketing plans from all function across the Marketing Group * Coordinate and execute key activities in the process of aggregating and consolidating marketing plans from all functions across the Marketing Group, in order to produce marketing master business and action plans, as well as to provide holistic view of Marketing Group’s strategic direction * Develop complex marketing activities roadmap, including activities and guidelines, for consolidated marketing strategy and operations master plan, in order to provide direction to other functions in the Marketing Group regarding their roles and responsibilities in business operations * Perform...
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...tJOHN PAUL Q. CHIU BBF 4-11N RESPONSIBILITY OF BSP Overview of Functions and Operations Objectives The BSP’s primary objective is to maintain price stability conducive to a balanced and sustainable economic growth. The BSP also aims to promote and preserve monetary stability and the convertibility of the national currency. Responsibilities The BSP provides policy directions in the areas of money, banking and credit. It supervises operations of banks and exercises regulatory powers over non-bank financial institutions with quasi-banking functions. Under the New Central Bank Act, the BSP performs the following functions, all of which relate to its status as the Republic’s central monetary authority. * Liquidity Management. The BSP formulates and implements monetary policy aimed at influencing money supply consistent with its primary objective to maintain price stability. * Currency issue. The BSP has the exclusive power to issue the national currency. All notes and coins issued by the BSP are fully guaranteed by the Government and are considered legal tender for all private and public debts. * Lender of last resort. The BSP extends discounts, loans and advances to banking institutions for liquidity purposes. * Financial Supervision. The BSP supervises banks and exercises regulatory powers over non-bank institutions performing quasi-banking functions. * Management of foreign currency reserves. The BSP seeks to maintain sufficient international reserves...
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...Operational efficiency is performing operations tasks well, even better than competitors. Strategy, on the other hand, is a plan for competing in the marketplace. Operational efficiency and strategy must be aligned; otherwise, you may be very efficiently performing the wrong task. The role of operations strategy is to make sure that all the tasks performed by the operations function are the right tasks. These include developing an understanding of what business the company is in (the company’s mission), analyzing and developing an understanding of the market (environmental scanning), and identifying the company’s strengths (core competencies). _Mission A statement defining what business an organization is in, who its customers are, and how its core beliefs shape its business. Environmental scanning Monitoring the external environment for changes and trends to determine business opportunities and threats. What Does Environmental Scanning Tell Us? Environmental scanning allows a company to identify opportunities and threats. For example, through environmental scanning we could see gaps in what customers need and what competitors are doing to meet those needs. forming partnerships with international firms, called strategic alliances _Core competencies The unique strengths of a business. Core Competencies The third factor that helps define a business strategy is an understanding of the company’s strengths. These are called core competencies...
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