...CHAPTER 20 SYSTEMS DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION In chapter 18 we focused on the first phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle – Systems Analysis. Chapter 20 deals with the remaining four phases: - conceptual systems design - physical systems design - systems implementation and conversion - operation and maintenance CONCEPTUAL SYSTEMS DESIGN In the conceptual systems design phase, the developer creates a general framework for implementing user requirements and solving problems identified in the analysis phase. As shown in Figure 20-1 on page 747 HC (page 637 SC), there are three main steps in conceptual design: 1. evaluating design alternatives, 2. preparing design specifications, and 3. preparing the conceptual systems design report. [pic] Evaluate Design Alternatives There are many ways to design an AIS, so accountants and others involved in systems design must continually make design decisions. [pic] The design team should identify a variety of design alternatives and evaluate each with respect to the following standards: 1) how well it meets organizational and system objectives, 2) how well it meets user needs, 3) whether it is economically feasible, and 4) what its advantages and disadvantages are. The steering committee evaluates the alternatives. Table 20-1 on page 748 HC (page 638 SC) presents examples of conceptual and physical design considerations and their corresponding...
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...An analysis of the Case We Googled You In partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Written Analysis and Communication (WAC) course April 1, 2014 Memo of Transmittal 1-Apr-2014 Prof. Madhushri Shrivastava IIM Indore India Sub: Submission of WAC report o the ase We Googled You Dear Madam, As per your instructions, I have prepared a detailed analysis report on the situation faced by Fred Westen. I suggest that Fred should not hire Mimi for the company s China operations. Instead, he should hire Mimi for another position in USA. The following pages present a detailed analysis of the situation and available options and their evaluation, recommendation and action steps to be followed. Executive Summary Fred Westen was contacted by his old roommate John Brewster to consider his daughter Mimi for Fred s company s decision to expand into China. When Fred forwarded Mimi s profile to Virginia, she did a normal Google search on her. The search revealed Mimi s involvement in protests that included China s treatment against a dissident journalist. Based on these findings, Fred is in a dilemma whether to hire Mimi for China operations. He has to take into account various factors like the success of expansion plans, both company s and his personal reputation. Considering various evaluation criteria and options, I suggest Fred should not hire Mimi for the expansion plan in China. But given her credentials, he should hire her for a position in USA. Table of Contents ...
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...Week 4: Harnischfeger Inc. 1. Describe clearly all of the accounting changes Harnischfeger made in 1984. 1. There is a change in the depreciation method. They change from accelerated depreciation to straight line method. Because they change for the accelerated depreciation to straight line depreciation the will record lower cost. This will lower the total cost en thereby increase the net profit. 2. The estimated depreciation lives of the assets in U.S. are revalued. In the notes they say that they record a profit by recalculating the depreciation live of the assets. These two changes are giving me the impression that the managers do this for showing a positive net income. 2. What is the effect of the depreciation accounting method change on the reported income in 1984? How will this change affect profits in future years? The change of the depreciation method form accelerated method to a straight-line method will lower the depreciation cost. Thereby they also changed the estimated depreciation live form the asset in U.S.. This could be done for lowering the depreciation cost. Because the way of calculating the straightline depreciation cost depends on the estimeted live of the assets the management could extend the estimaten depreciation live to lower the anually depreciationcost. 3. What is the effect of the change in depreciation lives? How will this change affect future reported profits? The changes of the estimated depreciationlives wil affect the anually...
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...VRIO Framework of KFC VRIO framework use to find out the core competencies or sustainable competitive advantages which are helping firm to operate profitably in long term. For KFC, we try to find out its competitive advantage where we used four key components which help to identify in what KFC have competitive advantage compare to its competitors. Resources Valuable Rare Inimitable Exploited by the Organization Brand Recipe Experience X X Location X X Price X X Advertisement X X X Through the use of VRIO framework we have found that brand value and the recipe of making food in KFC are its competitive advantages. The reason behind these- Brand: The brand or the logo of Kentucky Fried Chicken, the KFC, is a registered trademark for their company which is a part of Yum! Brand. As it is registered it is inimitable and thus it is rare, as only the company it is franchised to gets the right to use this logo. The logo acts as a brand name, with Colonel Sanders with his signature string tie, wearing a red apron, and with this uniqueness they have become very famous and this individuality has made it easier for people to recognize it, making it a very valuable essential for the company. And since the beginning of the KFC it has been exploited by the company thoroughly, first by Colonel Sanders himself, and then by the companies that owned it. Recipe: The secret recipe that was used by Colonel Sanders since 1940 has been invariably one of the...
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...Royal Dutch Shell Exxon Mobil Team #1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Exxon Mobil Corporation (ExxonMobil) is an oil and gas company. It is the world’s largest integrated oil company. The company carries out the exploration and production of oil and gas; refining, transportation and marketing of oil and natural gas; and manufacture and sale of petroleum products. ExxonMobil also has interests in petrochemicals and electricity generation facilities. The company operates through three reportable business segments, namely, Upstream, Downstream and Chemical. It offers products and services under various brands such as Exxon, Esso and Mobil. ExxonMobil has presence in Americas, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Australia and Africa. ExxonMobil is headquartered in Texas, the US. Royal Dutch Shell Plc commonly known as Shell is an independent company with its registered office located in London, UK and headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands operating in the oil and gas industry globally. It is the second largest oil company in the world. The operations of the company are divided into three main segments including: Downstream, Upstream and Projects and Technology. The Upstream segment combines activities involved in the search for and recovery, liquefaction and transportation of oils and natural gas and wind energy. The Downstream segment is engaged in the activities of manufacturing, distributing and marketing of chemicals and oil products. Finally, the Projects and Technology segment includes all the...
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...Adodis Technologies: Tracking Structural Evolution of a Web-Startup A report submitted to tejas@iimb This report captures the insights derived from the study of internal and external factors of Adodis Technologies along with the interaction between the two and role played in determining structure. This report aims at applying classroom concepts to tackle real life situations in an organization. 1 Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Strategy & Other factors affecting Structure 2.1 Strategy 2.2 Environment 2.3 Stage in the Life Cycle 3 Evolution of Structure 3.1 Problems in the Current Structure 4 Culture and Control 4.1 Preliminary Observations 4.2 Survey Analysis Results 4.3 Team Wise Trends 5 Structural Recommendations 6 Conclusion Author Details Appendix References 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 13 2 Abstract This article contains the brief analysis of the evolution of structure and culture of a rapidly growing entrepreneurial venture-Adodis Technologies, founded in 2008. The vision and mission perceived by the CEO has helped this web technology start-up to quickly carve a niche for itself in the market and to go international within only 3 years of its inception. Low start-up and operational costs for companies operating in the web development area have created an extremely competitive market, in which Adodis is still a new player. Thus, although its primary role and image in the market is still that of a low-cost player, the CEO has been taking several...
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...Walkthrough Major Study and Learning Features The following section highlights the key features developed to provide you with the best overall text available. We hope these features give you maximum support to learn, understand, and apply operations concepts. C STRAEPYTANDR 2 H AT G E SUSTA Chapter Opener INABILITY Learning Obj LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 ectives Understand the parameters of a sustainable opera Understand the tions and supply competitive dim chain strategy. ensions of opera Identify order tions and supply winners and or chain strategy. der qualifiers. See how strategy is implemented through operatio Introduce the co ns and supply ch ncepts of risk as ain activities. sessment and mi Show how prod tigation. uctivity is me asured and ho supply chain pr w it relates to ocesses. operations and Chapter Outlin e 25 Mi ssi on St at em en ts wi th As pir at ion s be yo nd Ma 26 A Su sta ina kin g a Pr of it ble Op er at ion s an d Su pp ly Ch ain St rat eg y 28 W ha t Is Op er at ion s an d Su pp ly Ch ain Competitive Dim St rat eg y? ensions The Notion of Trade-Offs Order Winners and Order Qualifi ers: The Marketing–O perations Link Operations and Sustainability defi ned Triple bottom line defined supply chain str ategy defined Operations eff ectiveness defi ned Straddling defi ned Order winner defi ned Order qualifier defined e Ris k As so cia system maps defi ned te d wi th Op er at ion s an d Framework Su pp ly Ch ain St rat eg ies 37 Pr od uc tiv ity Supply chain risk...
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...The Transformation Continues QANTAS SUSTAINABILITY REVIEW 2013 This page has been intentionally left blank TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction Governance − − − − Corporate Governance Business Resilience Group Security Group Risk and Audit 2 4 4 9 10 11 13 15 19 22 31 38 45 49 56 57 Stakeholder Engagement Financial Safety and Health Customer People Environment Procurement Community Measures Glossary The Group Strategy, supported by environment, procurement and community strategies, underpins the identification and reporting on material items. To support the Group’s core goal of delivering sustainable returns to shareholders, areas of focus are used to measure, monitor and report on the Group’s performance. Areas of focus and measures are reviewed and updated to ensure that they remain relevant. The Group Strategy drives sustainable outcomes Governance Corporate governance is core to ensuring the creation, protection and enhancement of shareholder value. Stakeholders We are committed to communicating effectively with our stakeholders. Financial Safety and Health To be recognised as the world’s leading airline group in air, ground and people safety and health. Customers Our Customers are the core of everything we do. The Group is continually striving towards providing exceptional customer experiences. Vision We strive to build a strong viable business capable of delivering sustainable returns...
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...aberidoost et al. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013, 21:69 http://www.darujps.com/content/21/1/69 REVIEW ARTICLE Open Access Pharmaceutical supply chain risks: a systematic review Mona Jaberidoost1, Shekoufeh Nikfar1, Akbar Abdollahiasl1,2 and Rassoul Dinarvand1,3* Abstract Introduction: Supply of medicine as a strategic product in any health system is a top priority. Pharmaceutical companies, a major player of the drug supply chain, are subject to many risks. These risks disrupt the supply of medicine in many ways such as their quantity and quality and their delivery to the right place and customers and at the right time. Therefore risk identification in the supply process of pharmaceutical companies and mitigate them is highly recommended. Objective: In this study it is attempted to investigate pharmaceutical supply chain risks with perspective of manufacturing companies. Methods: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science bibliographic databases and Google scholar scientific search engines were searched for pharmaceutical supply chain risk management studies with 6 different groups of keywords. All results found by keywords were reviewed and none-relevant articles were excluded by outcome of interests and researcher boundaries of study within 4 steps and through a systematic method. Results: Nine articles were included in the systematic review and totally 50 main risks based on study outcome of interest extracted which classified in 7 categories. Most of reported...
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...Matrix Organizations: Design for Collaboration and Agility Nick Horney, Ph.D. & Tom O’Shea, CMC, Principals, Agility Consulting 9/1/2009 M A T R I X O R G A N I Z A T I O N S Matrix Organizations Success in a matrix happens when you focus on building a new organization rather than simply installing a new structure. “S I C O N K E Y ince the end of World War II, corporate strategy has survived several generations of painful transformations and has grown appropriately agile and athletic. Unfortunately, organizational development has not kept pace, and managerial attitudes lag even farther behind. As a result, corporations now commonly design strategies that seem impossible to implement, for the simple reason that no one can effectively implement third-generation strategies through secondgeneration organizations run by first-generation managers. Today, the most successful companies are those where top executives recognize the need to manage the new environmental and competitive demands by focusing less on the quest for an ideal structure and more on developing the abilities, behavior, and performance of individual managers.” This assessment of matrix management, published in the Harvard Business Review in 1990, is a stinging portrayal of the state of matrix organizations at the time the article was written. Fortunately, both the times and the ability of organizations to adapt have changed. Organizations have become much more adept in implementing complex...
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...Monitoring sustainability with a monitoring system that is itself sustainable: addressing the cause and the symptoms IAN WATSON,1 AND PAUL NOVELLY, 2 1 Department of Agriculture and Centre for Management of Arid Environments PO Box 483 Northam, Western Australia, 6401 Ph 08 9690 2000 Fax 08 9622 1902 iwatson@agric.wa.gov.au 2 Department of Agriculture and Tropical Savannas CRC Kununurra, Western Australia ABSTRACT Throughout the 1970s and 1980s much effort was expended on a range monitoring program in Western Australia. Unfortunately, much of the system put in place is now inactive. Such a situation is not unique and the rangelands of the world are littered with monitoring sites that are no longer part of an operating system. A need has emerged for a biodiversity monitoring system in the rangelands and the discussion is currently at the point where the range management discipline was in the early 1970s. Efficiencies can be made when developing the biodiversity monitoring system by learning from the experience of the range management profession. Monitoring sustainability will only be possible if the monitoring system is itself sustainable. We suggest a number of attributes for the system that need to be in place before the system can be judged at all sustainable. These attributes are a mix of biophysical, social and institutional and highlight the view that monitoring systems of the type being suggested constitute an unusual mixture of attributes not found in...
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...E-Business advantages for Airline Industries Analysis of the supply chain structure of the Airline Industry to highlight the advantages of the e–Business systems Index E-Business advantages for Airline Industries ................................................................................................ 1 Introduction and scope ............................................................................................................................... 2 The Airline Industry .................................................................................................................................. 2 External actors ........................................................................................................................................... 2 I.C.A.O................................................................................................................................................... 3 I.A.T.A. .................................................................................................................................................. 3 EUROCONTROL.................................................................................................................................. 4 The digital flight, how the e-business revolutionized the Airline Industry ...............................................4 Can we make the journey experience different? Should we do it?........................................................ 5 ...
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...Pengukuran Kinerja Mesin Produksi Dengan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness Pada Pt. Cahaya Biru Sakti Abadi PENGUKURAN KINERJA MESIN PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS PADA PT. CAHAYA BIRU SAKTI ABADI Nofi Erni , Andri Fajar Maulana Jurusan Teknik Industri, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta Jln. Arjuna Utara Tol Tomang-Kebon Jeruk Jakarta nofi.erni@esaunggul.ac.id Abstrak PT. Cahaya Biru Sakti Abadi merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang industri manufaktur cairan penghapus tinta. Perusahaan pada saat ini menghadapi permasalahan tingkat reject produk yang tinggi, breakdown mesin yang tinggi, waktu setup mesin yang tidak standar, yang berdampak pada penurunan kualitas produk. Untuk mengetahui kinerja mesin dilakukan pengukuran dengan metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). Nilai pengukuran OEE didapat dari 3 faktor yaitu availability, performance, dan quality. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan availability, performance, quality untuk enam mesin utama yaitu Mesin blowing 1, Blowing 2, Arburg 3, dan Arburg 4, rasio yang belum ideal adalah performance ratio dan quality ratio. Jika digabung secara keseluruhan nilai ratio tersebut telah memenuhi nilai OEE yang ideal. Penyebab tidak idealnya kondisi mesin yang mengakibatkan losses performance, adalah waiting time berupa waktu mesin menganggur untuk menunggu peralatan beroperasi. Penyebab tidak idealnya quality ratio mesin disebabkan tingginya total defect part screw cap yang diproses...
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...Tijdschrift voor Econoniie e n M a n a g e m e n t Vol. XLI, 4, 1996 A Review of Brand-Loyalty Measures in Marketing by M. MELLENS", M. G. DEIh;ircs. iriight ;-',ISbe easier 2 to zhoose the right decision unit (condition d). They are usualiy based on surveys, and it may be possible to get data from the decision maker rather than the puxchaser by asking questions 410 the righe individual, Finakiy, they give insight into the rnoiivations for the corrsr~mer's cinoice behaviur, and these mativations are less ~ri:eiy to be influenced by random short-run fluctuations: Hoy:ex~er> attitu.dfl:ii measgrcs mqi net be scc-rafe rep;eselltaticn of ~eaiily they are nstbbasea on actual prrrrcmses. A consu-as mer ma.y r~~tionalize choice when questioned by ths researcher, and his make up a~ zvaluaticjn of brands even when no explici! evaluation is made in r e d shopping siiuarions. Moreoverj other variables t h a ~ attitudes are I~aown inRuence actxai purchases. For example. an Into tchwards Porsclle, but still not dividual n a y have a favo.=sbleattit~ade buy it due to hudget .;onsrr:iii~rs. Xenze, the validiijl of attitiid'l~~al q ~ v measures depends on the strength of the attitude-behavior relationship. Furthermore, attituclinal measures are often based on data observed at a sing12 point in time. Their incideiltal n a b r e might be attenuated by collecting attitudillal data on a longitudinal basis, but the costs in doing so may quickly become prohibitive. I~:cii1)r'dzrn!-cirit...
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...Supply Cha S ain Manage nt Pro emen oject ‐ Reta ail Sup Chain at pply C Project Group – Balaji Nag garajan (Roll n no: EPGP‐04A A‐016) Deepak M Mittal (Roll no: EPGP‐04A‐0 026) Kannan S (Roll no: EPG GP‐04A‐044) Mahesh R Rajesham (Roll no: EPGP‐04 A‐115) Mansi Sha arma (Roll no o : EPGP‐04 A‐ ‐051) Dr. Priyan nka Mallick (R Roll no : EPGP‐04 A‐068) Sandeep G Gawde (Roll n no : EPGP‐04 A‐030) SCM Project – Retail Supply Chain at Wal‐Mart Table of Contents 1. 2. I. II. 3. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3 About Wal‐Mart .................................................................................................................................... 4 Operating Divisions ........................................................................................................................... 4 Competition and Regional Alignments ............................................................................................. 8 Components of Supply Chain Management (SCM) ............................................................................ 11 A. Main Elements ................................................................................................................................ 11 4. Wal‐Mart’s Method of Managing the Supply Chain .............
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