...restructuring process from 1994-2000. In 1999 the company announced it intended to double its generation capacity by 2005 “through acquisition of existing plants and development of new plants” (Esty, Ferman 4). Jim Abel and PPL’s Finance team determined that in order to execute this new strategy PPL needed to maintain access to large amounts of capital at low cost while maintaining the financial soundness of the corporate balance sheet. This culminated in the separation of its unregulated generation businesses from its regulated distribution and transmission businesses in 2000(Esty, Ferman 4). The environment PPL was operating in during this time was not conducive to PPL Global using Corporate Finance to raise the billions of dollars needed to fund the expansion of the company’s generation portfolio. To use Corporate Finance would result in a burden on the company as a whole while putting the PPL at risk of credit downgrades resulting in it becoming increasingly difficult to raise additional needed capital. Thus, the finance team evaluated raising funds at the PPL Global level through project financing and Leasing structures to provide the financial flexibility needed to raise capital while maintaining a sound financial soundness to the corporate balance sheet. Jim Abel expressed that initial...
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...There are a very wide variety of options available for an MBA with specialization in Finance. Today, an MBA with a Finance Specialization learns a variety of subjects like Corporate finance, Costing, Budgeting, International Finance, working Capital management, investments and securities etc.With increased financial liberalization a wide array and wide variety of jobs are available to an MBA with specialization in finance. He can be working in the corporate Finance function of a major manufacturing Organization looking after management of funds for that corporate, working out working capital limits of the corporate and dealing with Banks and other financial lending institutions etc. | | A finance MBA has an option of working with leading banks or with leading Non banking Finance Companies or leading Finance Companies other than Banks. He also has options of working as a securities analyst or working with brokerage firms and dealing in buying and selling securities. Operations in the security market or the stock market is the biggest industry in India. With increased opening up of the Indian Financial market and increased international money pouring into the Indian Stocks the option available for MBA Finance are endless. Same is true of a person dealing in Foreign Currency transaction either in bank of in a manufacturing Company.But here is a word of caution: jobs of security analyst and that of Foreign currency trader are high pressure jobs which at times lead to significant...
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...traded companies. To understand adequately the landscape of executive compensation, however, one must recognize that the design of compensation arrangements is also partly a product of this same agency problem. Alternative Approaches to Executive Compensation Our focus in this paper is on publicly traded companies without a controlling shareholder. When ownership and management are separated in this way, managers might have substantial power. This recognition goes back, of course, to Berle and Means (1932, p. 139) who observed that top corporate executives, “while in office, have almost complete discretion in management.” Since Jensen and Meckling (1976), the problem of managerial power and discretion has been analyzed in modern finance as an “agency problem.” Managers may use their discretion to benefit themselves personally in a variety y Lucian Arye Bebchuk is the William J. Friedman Professor of Law, Economics and Finance, Harvard Law School, and Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Jesse M. Fried is a Professor of Law at Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California. Their e-mail addresses are ͗bebchuk@law.havard.edu͘ and ͗friedj@law.berkeley.edu͘, respectively. 72 Journal of...
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...| | | |Equivalent Modules Master List |Equivalent courses offered at Aalto University, School Of Economics. | | | | | |Courses offered are subject to changes. | | |Updated information on the courses will be sent to successful candidates by Aalto | | |University, School Of Economics. | | | | | |*The same course can be transferred only as 1 course. | |First Level Modules | | |ACC1006 Accounting Information Systems |International...
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...V O LU M E 2 0 | N U M B E R 2 | s p RiN g 2 0 0 8 Journal of APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE A MO RG A N S TA N L E Y P U B L I C AT I O N In This Issue: Valuation and Corporate portfolio Management Corporate portfolio Management Roundtable Presented by Ernst & Young 8 Panelists: Robert Bruner, University of Virginia; Robert Pozen, MFS Investment Management; Anne Madden, Honeywell International; Aileen Stockburger, Johnson & Johnson; Forbes Alexander, Jabil Circuit; Steve Munger and Don Chew, Morgan Stanley. Moderated by Jeff Greene, Ernst & Young Liquidity, the Value of the Firm, and Corporate Finance 32 Yakov Amihud, New York University, and Haim Mendelson, Stanford University Real Asset Valuation: A Back-to-Basics Approach 46 David Laughton, University of Alberta; Raul Guerrero, Asymmetric Strategy LLC; and Donald Lessard, MIT Sloan School of Management Expected Inflation and the Constant-Growth Valuation Model 66 Michael Bradley, Duke University, and Gregg Jarrell, University of Rochester Single vs. Multiple Discount Rates: How to Limit “Influence Costs” in the Capital Allocation process 79 The Era of Cross-Border M&A: How Current Market Dynamics are Changing the M&A Landscape 84 Transfer pricing for Corporate Treasury in the Multinational Enterprise 97 The Equity Market Risk premium and Valuation of Overseas investments John Martin, Baylor University, and Sheridan Titman, University of Texas at Austin ...
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... Journal of APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE A MO RG A N S TA N L E Y P U B L I C AT I O N In This Issue: Valuation, Capital Budgeting, and Disclosure Enterprise Valuation Roundtable Presented by Ernst & Young 8 Panelists: Richard Ruback, Harvard Business School; Trevor Harris, Morgan Stanley; Aileen Stockburger, Johnson & Johnson; Dino Mauricio, General Electric; Christian Roch, BNP Paribas; Ken Meyers, Siemens Corporation; and Charles Kantor, Lehman Brothers. Moderated by Jeff Greene, Ernst & Young. The Case for Real Options Made Simple 39 Raul Guerrero, Asymmetric Strategy Valuing the Debt Tax Shield 50 Ian Cooper, London Business School, and Kjell G. Nyborg, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration Measuring Free Cash Flows for Equity Valuation: Pitfalls and Possible Solutions 60 Juliet Estridge, Morgan Stanley, and Barbara Lougee, University of San Diego Discount Rates in Emerging Markets: Four Models and an Application 72 Javier Estrada, IESE Business School Rail Companies: Prospects for Privatization and Consolidation 78 James Runde, Morgan Stanley A Real Option in a Jet Engine Maintenance Contract 88 Richard L. Shockley, Jr., University of Indiana A Practical Method for Valuing Real Options: The Boeing Approach 95 Scott Mathews, The Boeing Company, Vinay Datar, Seattle University, and Blake Johnson, Stanford University Accounting for Employee Stock Options and Other Contingent Equity...
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...The Development of Modern Finance "A Short History of Value" David Roubaud & Jean-Charles Bagneris 10/2011 The Main Steps of the Theory Building • Portfolio Selection (Markowitz, 1952) • CAPM (Sharpe, 1963) • Financing and Dividend Decisions Neutrality (Modigliani et Miller, 1958, 1961,1963) • Efficient Markets (Fama, 1965, 1970) • Options Pricing Theory (Black & Scholes, 1973, Myers, 1977) • Agency Theory (Jensen, Meckling, 1976) • Efficient Markets II (Fama, 1991) • Behavioural Finance (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979, Shiller, 1981, 2000) Portfolio Selection • Investors are rationals and risk averse • Diversification lowers specific risk • Any portfolio is a combination of the market portfolio and the riskless asset The CAPM Capital Asset Pricing Model • Systematic risk of an asset is measured by its beta coefficient • The model calibrates the risk-return relationship • Simple, elegant and linear model => big success • Low explaining power (strong assumptions) • Alternative models are difficult to use 1 The Development of Modern Finance 2 Financial Markets Efficiency "At any given point in time, assets prices on financial markets account for all available information." • Strong assumptions on: – markets organization – investors behaviour • One consequence of EMH is Random Walk Hypothesis • Assumptions are not always true: 3 forms of efficiency (strong, semi-strong, weak) The irrelevance of financing and dividends decisions In a world without taxes and with perfect financial markets...
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...tly A sk ed Fr equen in s Question orporate C FinanCe io, a llocch ur izio D uiry, M a lv i Pa sc a l Q tonio Sa Le Fur , A n Ya nn From the team behind Pierre Vernimmen’s % = Corporate FinanCe + 3 Frequently Asked Questions in Corporate Finance Frequently Asked Questions in Corporate Finance Pierre Vernimmen, Pascal Quiry, Antonio Salvi, Maurizio Dallocchio and Yann LeFur A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published in 2011 Copyright 2011 Pierre Vernimmen Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com The rights of Pierre Vernimmen, Pascal Quiry, Antonio Salvi, Maurizio Dallocchio and Yann LeFur to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with...
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...Finance Theories Taxonomy 1 Finance Theories Taxonomy 2 Finance Theories Taxonomy This document presents a taxonomy of selected finance theories developed in past 5 decades by academics, practitioners and scholars in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America. A total of 14 theories and models are synthesized in this work, organized in five tables with the same structure: Theories of capital structure; capital budgeting and cost of equity; asset valuation, financial behavior and international finances. Each table contains theories organized alphabetically with an indication of its germinal or current character. The description of the theory is accompanied by current examples of empirical research that updates or contradicts the theory and additional information about limitations, scope and opportunities of research. Finance Theories Taxonomy 3 Table 1 Finance Theories Taxonomy: Theories of capital structure Theory General description Current examples of the theory Other attributes Modigliani and Miller Germinal theory of corporate finance A review of the theory by Criticism against flaws of M& M theory Theory of investment proposed by Miller and Modigliani Miller himself, offers a new (Ball, 2001) (1958) argues that “the value of a firm view about the so called ‘junk 1. Market perfection. M&M assumed is independent of its capital structure” bonds’ which were considered information was...
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...Guillermo Furniture Store Concepts FIN/571: Corporate Finance Guillermo Navallez, owner of Guillermo’s Furniture Store (GFS) experienced diminishing profit margins as operating costs increased and prices decreased steadily during the late 1990s. Two factors triggered the aforementioned. One, a new competitor started using computer programmed machinery to make high quality, but less expensive furniture. Two, improved infrastructure and new businesses created jobs, creating an influx of workers and substantial increases in labor costs. The purpose of this paper is to explain 12 finance principles and concepts learned in week one and discuss how Navallez can apply said concepts to maximize his company’s value (University of Phoenix, 2009). The scope of this discussion encompasses the 12 concepts foundational to corporate finance. The 12 principles are self-interested behavior, two-sided transactions, signaling, behavioral, valuable ideas, competitive advantage, options, risk-return trade-off, diversification, capital market efficiency, and time-value-of-money (Emery, Finnerty, & Stowe, 2007). Principles and Concepts Self-interested behavior dictates that people tend to act in their best financial interest. For Navallez, selling or another company acquiring GFS was not in his best financial interest. Conversely, he believed that transforming his company into a distributorship was financially viable and would allow him to maximize family time. GFS and its Norway competitor...
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...Case 5: Financing PPL Corp.’s Growth Strategy Study Questions 1. Evaluate PPL’s growth strategy and financing policies. Why is it important for PPL to seek out alternative financing strategies instead of using its own corporate balance sheet? In the early 1990’s, the anticipation of deregulation in the electricity marketplace led PPL to change its business strategy. It was essential for them to enter the market as soon as possible or they may have faced barriers to entry. In 1994, PPL established a new subsidiary now known as PPL Global. PPL Global pursued opportunities in the deregulated electricity market and was employed its growth strategy for the future. They specifically explored opportunities in power generation, marketing, and trading. The management had a belief that their vertical integration was a good thing as they had prior experience in the segments and this would enable them to balance out the unstable earnings from the deregulated, and the more stable earnings from the regulated transmission and distribution businesses. In 1998 PPL reduced dividends, increased their target payout ratio from 45% to 55%, and bought back 17 million shares of common stock. These actions by the company were made to try and fund growth within the company by increasing cash flows. In 2001, PPL was successful in securitizing its electric delivery business. The electricity industry, being a capital intensive industry required them to have access to low cost capital. Their need to...
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...LEASE FINANCE Leasing is a medium- term funding facility in the form of an agreement by contract between a “lessor” and a “lessee” upon which the latter is entitled to use the lessor’s asset in return for regular payment of rental for a fixed period of time. At the end of the leasing period, the lessee has the option to buy the equipment from the lessor. Lease asset can be released also subject to acceptance of the terms offered. Lease Financing is the principal fund based activity of LankaBangla Finance Limited (LBFL). Until now the company concentrated only on full payout financial lease transaction for financing a wide range of capital machinery, equipment and vehicles. LBFL provides the following two types lease facilities: Key Features: * the lessee (customer or borrower) will select an asset (equipment, vehicle, software); * the lessor (finance company i.e. LBFL) will purchase that asset; * the lessee will have use of that asset during the lease; * the lessee will pay a series of rentals or installments for the use of that asset; * the lessor will recover a large part or all of the cost of the asset plus earn interest from the rentals paid by the lessee; * the lessee has the option to acquire ownership of the asset (e.g. paying the last rental, or bargain option purchase price);< i)FINANCIAL LEASE Financial leasing is the most common form of leasing. Through financial leasing businesses can finance the eventual ownership of equipment, unless...
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...wholly-owned subsidiary of a Swiss industial corporation, Electrowatt, affiliated with Credit Suisse Banking Group. By pursued the construction and operation of QF power plants on the IPP model, from 1984 to 1999, Calpine had created 22 plants with a combined capacity of 2,729 MW operating in seven states, and other 12 plants in various stages of development. What’s more, on 1998, the fixed assets had grown to $1712 million while $421 million on 1994. On September 1996, Calpine also took action to raise public equity. The IPO of Calpine bought $317 million at a price of $16 per share to the company. From 1984 to 1994, Calpine preferred to use method of project finance to do the construction of new plants. After 1994, the corporation changed its policy to retiring subsidiary project debt with parent-level, corporate debt issues. On 1999, after raised 5 corporation debt, the rate of Calpine was improved from B1/B to Ba2/BB. Industry Background The U.S. Electric power industry, with annual revenues of $296 billion and assets of $686 billion, was the country’s third largest industry while the first and second industries are automobiles and health care in 20 century. This industry consist of investor-owned utility controlled plants, the federal government controlled plants, municipal and cooperative electric companies controlled plants and other kinds of producers controlled plants, whiled 170 investor-owned utilities controlled the most part of this industry, approximately 72%...
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...FINANCE 611: CORPORATE FINANCE FALL 2015 Prof. Jules H. van Binsbergen Office: 2453 Steinberg Hall-Dietrich Hall Email: julesv@wharton.upenn.edu Office hours: By Appointment Course Website: Available on Canvas COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is an in-depth introduction to finance with an emphasis on applications that are vital for corporate managers. We will discuss most of the major financial decisions made by corporate managers both within the firm and in their interactions with investors. Essential in most of these decisions is the process of valuation, which will be emphasized throughout the course. Topics include criteria for making investment decisions, valuation of financial assets and liabilities, relationships between risk and return, capital structure choice, payout policy, the effective use and valuation of derivative securities (futures, options), and risk management. 1 COURSE MATERIALS Textbook The textbook for the course is: Corporate Finance (plus MyFinanceLab), Jonathan Berk and Peter DeMarzo, 3rd ed., Pearson - Prentice Hall, 2014. (SBN-10: 0-13-342415-4; ISBN-13: 978-0-13342415-7) There are several options for accessing the book and MyFinanceLab. You can purchase the book with MyFinanceLab. You can purchase the e-book and MyFinanceLab. You can purchase or rent the book, and purchase MyFinanceLab separately. Please see the last page of this syllabus for details for details on registering for MyFinanceLab. Other required readings...
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...Case Report on Executive Compensation In the modern society, chief executive officer has become the most important part to many companies especially to the publicly listed corporations. They generally make a significant contribution to the profitability of their firm. However, in some case the managers’ interests conflict with their companies’, and thus their decisions may probably do not maximize their companies’ value. Therefore, it is a problem that how shareholders ensure that top executives want to maximize their wealth. This paper explores the principle for compensation, makes an attempt to design a new compensation package to the chief executive officer of Nike, Inc., and finally compare the different between the existing pay package and the new one. I. Introduction Nike, which originally named as Blue Ribbon Sports, is the largest manufacturer of the athletic footwear and apparel in the world, and one of the Fortune 500 companies. Figure1 shows that Nike is the leader of the global athletic footwear market, with around 31% market share in 2007. Creating by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight in 1962, its early products are footwear, but now it has a wide range of product line. Today Nike is engaged in design, development and marketing of footwear, apparel and equipment, including shoes, sock, gloves, bags, and sports balls and so on. Many of its products are design for specific athletic such as football, basketball, running and even walking. According to figure2,...
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