...Though Amy Bach's book Ordinary Injustice: How America Holds Court doesn't specifically mention race as a motivating factor for the everyday injustice that takes place in American courts, there are parallels to Michelle Alexander's The New Jim Crow, and Max Geier's The Color of Night. Each of these books demonstrates the continued laziness within America's court systems, as well as the continued lack ambivalence towards this issue. Bach writes that her book "examines how state criminal trial courts regularly permit basic failures of legal process," while this is also mentioned in The Color of Night, with the case of Robert Folkes, as well as The New Jim Crow, and the prejudice that former prisoners can face (Bach, P.2). There seems to be an underlying theme of the poor and minorities being...
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...primary language, have to deal with inadequate housing, underfunded school districts and the everyday struggle of discrimination for their differences and beliefs. Most people believe that black and Hispanic people simply commit more crime; the situation is actually more complex. Research suggests crime exists across all societies; it is the type of crimes committed that varies. Those who are victimized by crime are the lower economic levels of society. I think it’s a lack of knowledge and we only focus on these two groups. White collar crimes that are committed primarily by the middle-class and whites are underreported and often not counted in official crime statistics. In our criminal justice system blacks are treated more harshly at every stage in the justice system than a lot of races. More than 2.3 million people in America are in jail or prison. Sixty percent are...
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...Signs and symptoms Characteristics of people with antisocial personality disorder may include:[2] • Persistent lying or stealing • Apparent lack of remorse[3] or empathy for others • Cruelty to animals[4] • Poor behavioral controls — expressions of irritability, annoyance, impatience, threats, aggression, and verbal abuse; inadequate control of anger and temper • A history of childhood conduct disorder • Recurring difficulties with the law • Promiscuity • Tendency to violate the boundaries and rights of others • Aggressive, often violent behavior; prone to getting involved in fights • Inability to tolerate boredom • Disregard for right and wrong • Poor or abusive relationships • Irresponsible work behavior • Disregard for safety Background of World Anti-Terrorism Day: Terrorist activities have increased multi-fold over the last decade. A global initiative uniting all nations is required to combat terrorism. After the 9/11 terrorist attack on the U.S, terrorism has become the primary cause of concern for nations. History of World Anti-Terrorism Day: The concept of World Anti-Terrorism Day was initiated because thousands of youth are lured into the folds of terrorist camps and organizations each year. May 21 is observed as Anti-terrorism day every year. Purpose of World Anti-Terrorism Day: The Purpose of observing World Anti-Terrorism Day is to: Spread the message of global peace and non-violence. Deter...
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...What comes to your mind when you hear death? There are neither right nor wrong answers, but for me death brings to my mind darkness and an end. Death penalty is a punishment through death executed to criminals with heinous crimes committed. Numerous kinds of capital punishments like lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, shooting, and many more are being applied to states most especially in the U.S.A and non democratic countries to deter crimes. But then the gravity of putting a person to death row, I am pertaining to the psychological affects, is different to the mere existence of death penalty itself. It may seem enticing to serve equality and justice in such manner; however, while everything in the world is inevitable changing, I believe that faith in humanity, despite unfortunate circumstances, should still prevail. It is not necessary for the Philippines to re-establish death penalty because capital punishments are not proper channels of retribution but merely a premeditated murder. In first world countries, far greater than us, death penalty has been a way of vengeance instead of justice. It only serves to confuse and reinforce the behavior rather than correct it. According to Michael Booth of The Denver Post (2013), if death penalty is deterrent to crimes in Texas how could it have a higher rate than Colorado who does not impose capital punishments? Futhermore, leading criminologist William Bowers of Northeastern University (1996, Lemperti 1996) said...
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...Public/Police Relations: An Intractable Conflict? David A. Mercury damercury1921@gmail.com (416) 333-7523 Public/Police Relations: An Intractable Conflict? Purpose of this Paper The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the conflicts described, between the police and the Afrikan Canadian diaspora [sometimes referred to as the Communities] and the Original Peoples communities and other racial minorities, can be defined as being intractable. If so, the exploration of possible approaches to resolve these conflicts is beyond the scope of this paper. It is my hope and intention to conduct this exploration in later works. What is an Intractable Conflict? The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace, defines intractable conflicts through a discussion the common features. First, [emphasis added] intractable conflicts are protracted, persisting for a long time. Second, [emphasis added] they are waged in ways that the adversaries or interested observers regard as destructive. Third, [emphasis added] partisans and intermediaries attempt, but fail to end or transform them. Conflict intractability, however, is not a fixed dichotomous feature; conflicts vary in their degree of intractability. The degree to which the three defining features are manifested varies and changes, and they are best treated as dimensions of conflict. . . . Even duration is not a fixed characteristic of a conflict. The beginning of a conflict is often contested, with one side pointing back...
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...blacks which ultimately leads to poverty and the lack of adequate housing. Police brutality is another form of discrimination that is highly prevalent throughout the nation. White policemen and women arrest more blacks than whites. John J. Macionis says “African Americans make up 13.2 percent of the population but account for 29.0 percent of arrests for property crimes (versus 68.2 percent of arrests for whites) and 38.7 percent of arrests for violent crimes (versus 58.4 percent for whites )” (Macionis 192). The cause of this is simply the status of blacks in society. Impoverished blacks that live among privileged and wealthy whites view the nation as unjust so they engage in criminal activity in order to retaliate. This leads to increased police brutality by police officers and other workers within criminal justice. In Racial Conflict: Are U.S. Policies Discriminatory?, racial bias is further expressed as Katel asserts “About one in 12 black men ages 25-54 are in jail or prison, versus one in 60 white men” (Katel). Policemen and women arrest more men and women of color than whites simply because of the constant prevalence of racism in...
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...In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, justice is demonstrated throughout Atticus’ actions. His strive for equality can be represented by the scales of justice. Atticus believes that everyone should be treated fairly regardless of race, socio-economic or familial background. Having such an honorable and just character, propels Atticus to defend the wronged individual, Tom Robinson. Atticus believes that Tom Robinson is innocent of the crime accused against him and he believes Robinson should not receive the death penalty. Atticus knows Tom might lose this case due to the racial attitudes and prejudices prevalent in the community. When an African-American is accused of a crime, the person is undoubtedly presumed guilty. Atticus still persists in...
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...The Injustice of Being Impoverished The US Office of Management and Budget lists the weighted average poverty threshold for a family of four as $21,203, for a family of 3 at $16,530, 2 at $13,540, and 1 at $10,590. Shamefully, there are many American families who must survive on much less. Should this mean that these families are the number one suspects each time there is a crime committed in or around their communities? The connection between poverty and crime has been a controversial object of debate for years and continues to be today. There have been arguments by scholars for both sides of the spectrum. Some feel that those who fall victim of continuous hard times with little hope for help or change would eventually turn to a life of crime to obtain their necessities for survival. My own feelings are that although many were born and raised in poverty, they were reared with integrity and morals and may choose to live their lives as law-abiding citizens. Whatever essentials they can afford they would come by honestly and whatever they cannot afford, they accept living without. But what happens when victims of poverty become suspects of crimes and need court representation? According to the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution, the accused is guaranteed the right to a lawyer at all important stages of the criminal process. America has an adversary system of justice. A trial is a contest between the prosecutor, who represents the state, and the defense attorney...
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...Devlin. Jury system has survived in our country for almost 10 centuries. The core values, representativeness, resides in the ability made available for ordinary citizens to plays an important participatory role in the criminal process. It is generally accepted that the jury of ’12 good men and true’ lies at the heart of the British legal system. However, the misconduct in jury has become a vital issue as people starting to lose confidence with it. The importance of jury system Redmayne, a professor of law, said that it is arguably that twelve randomly selected individuals produce a broader range of experience and expertise than one single judge. Based on this, it is also arguable that jury trial will produce a fairer outcome than single judge as people cannot completely sure that judges will treat every single cases at a completely fair manner. ‘Fairness’ is what all the people demand, which is why we have jury trial and which survive for such a long time, but the precondition of jury trial is that it must provide an impartial trial. Jury trial holds public confidence as people assume that jury trial will bring a fair procedures and will produce fair outcomes. ‘Trust in the jury’ is very important as it is the strongest support that keep the jury system works and which is secured by the fact that it applies adjudication and standards which are both widely accepted and familiar by people. As most of the cases which use a jury trial are serious criminal cases, for instance...
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...under itself of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. The jurisdiction of mofussil (i.e. larger areas beyond the limits of preicidency towns) was completely under the Company. The judicial organization provided by the Company in moffusil was called the Adalat System whose initial milestone was laid down in Bengal with Warren Hastings as the Governor of Bengal. With the Regulating Act passed in 1773, Warren Hastings was made the Governor General of all the British territories in India and the reforms of 1774 and 1780 were passed. The Company was dissatisfied with the plan of 1780 because it had separated the revenue and judicial functions, thus proving to be costly. Accordingly, the Directors advocated a merger of the two functions on the grounds of simplicity, efficiency and economy. Lord Cornwallis assumed the role of Governor-General of the Company in 1786 and continued till 1793. He was directed to take up three specific matters, one of them being reforms of the judicial system. The other tasks were resolving the problem of land revenue and improvement in the administrative machinery. During his tenure, he made significant and far-reaching reforms in the judicial administration, some of which constitute the foundation of the present legal system. The reforms were primarily made in three stages: first in 1787, then in 1790 and, finally in 1793. Judicial Plan of 1787 The main feature of this plan, as previously stated, was that the revenue, judicial and magisterial functions would vest in...
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...Socrates. The Last Days of Socrates translated by Hugh Tredennick is used to give a better understanding of why Socrates would answer these questions this way. The four questions answered in this paper are morality, condition, knowledge, and happiness. These four questions and the answers he would give will give a basic understanding of Socrates’s worldview and how he sees the world through his eyes. Morality Socrates had high moral principles and he held others to those principles as well. Morality asks the question of “Who is the ideal person?” Socrates may not have an ideal person he could think of that would perfectly describe the ideal person. Socrates said the moral principle of one should be determined solely by the question of justice. He did say in The Last Days of Socrates “Our real task...is to consider one question only...shall we be acting justly...or shall we be acting unjustly? If it becomes clear that such conduct is unjust, I cannot help thinking that the question whether we are sure to die or suffer any other ill-effect for that matter...ought not to weigh with us at all in comparison with the risk of acting unjustly” (Tredennick 48). This will require the virtues of integrity and courage. Socrates would have said the ideal person is someone who has integrity, courage, wisdom, knowledge, happiness, purpose, etc. He would think the ideal person would know that he knows some, but not all and would never boast the wisdom he thinks he has. When Socrates asked a...
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...The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "The Innocent Man" redirects here. For a South Korean television series, see The Innocent Man (TV series). The Innocent Man | | Author(s) | John Grisham | Country | United States | Publisher | Doubleday | Publication date | October 10, 2006 | Pages | 368 | ISBN | 978-0-385-51723-2 | OCLC Number | 70251230 | The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town (2006) is a nonfiction book written by John Grisham, and his first outside the legal fiction genre. The book tells the story of Ronald 'Ron' Keith Williamson of Ada, Oklahoma, a former minor league baseball player who was wrongly convicted in 1988 for the rape and murder of Debra Sue Carter in Ada and was sentenced to death. After serving 11 years on death row, he was exonerated by DNA evidence and other material introduced by the Innocence Project and was released in 1999. Contents * 1 Synopsis * 2 Book edition * 3 References * 4 External links | Synopsis Ron Williamson has returned to his hometown of Ada, Oklahoma after multiple failed attempts to play for various minor league baseball teams, including the Fort Lauderdale Yankees and two farm teams owned by the Oakland A's. An elbow injury inhibited his chances to progress. His big dreams were not enough to overcome the odds (less than 10 percent) of making it to a big league game. His failures lead to, or aggravate...
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... 1. Civil law and Criminal law……………………………………………………….. 2 2. Sources of Law ……………………………………………………………… 3-8 I. Common Law ……………………………………………………… 3-5 II. Common Law and Equity ……………………………………………… 5-7 III. Statute Law ……………………………………………………………… 7-8 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………… 8-9 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………….... 10 Introduction According to the statement on p.25 in Antoine’s book, Commonwealth Caribbean Law and Legal Systems, there is no general agreement as to how legal systems should be classified. Some writers emphasize a socialist legal tradition; others are concerned with technical differences while some also place more importance on the sources or origins of the law and its structure and methods. Source The socialist legal tradition has its historical origin in the Bolshevist Revolution of 1917 initiating the international and economic order known as Socialism or communism. The main legal distinguishing feature between socialist tradition and the common law or Romano- Germanic tradition is ideology. The socialist argue that law cannot be isolated from the social political and economic order within which it operates, making these elements fundamentally important in determining the type of legal system in existence. The Socialist legal tradition therefore embodies its original meaning aimed at achieving a communist state Rose-Marie Belle Antoine Commonwealth Caribbean Law and legal system, second edition pg....
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...Author Bio Gemma Halliday is a teaching assistant in the School of Law Enforcement and Justice Administration at Western Illinois University, where she has commenced study on a Master of Science in Kinesiology and exercise science. She holds a Bachelor of Social Science (Criminology) from Bond University Australia, where she was awarded undergraduate outstanding academic achievement. She is a recent graduate of Western Illinois University with a Master of Arts in Law Enforcement and Justice Administration, and was made a member of both Phi Kappa Phi and Golden Key International Honor Societies. Ms. Halliday has worked with and studied criminal justice issues in Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Her current research interests include transnational sex and drug trafficking, and police fitness testing and standards. LEJA 518 - Issues paper: Police discretion. Gemma L. Halliday Western Illinois University “Enforcing the law without fear or favor” (Goldstein, 1963, p. 141). The very nature of police work is extremely complex in today’s society. Police officers play an important role comprising of many different tasks concerning; actually enforcing the criminal law, performing order maintenance and other miscellaneous services. It is through these duties and services that police are constantly intersecting and interacting with the community on a daily basis. Thus,...
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...Introduction to Commercial Law “The law isn’t perfect but it certainly beats whatever is in second place.” ~ Kojak 1974 The common law system is based on the English model which has been inherited by various countries whose development has been influenced by British colonialism, in particular Commonwealth countries. Given that the law reflects the general character of the society in which it exists, it is not surprising that over a period of 200 years there is a lack of complete uniformity between the laws of those countries influenced by British settlement. Nevertheless, the British common law / equity systems have more in common than they have elements of difference, with models sharing common values, institutions and principles. There are, of course, other types of legal systems throughout the world, such as those who have adopted the civil law system, which has its heritage in Roman law, or those based in religion (syariah law) or politics (such as socialist law). However, this essay will focus on the British common law / equity system which have been adopted by various Commonwealth countries throughout the world, including Singapore. The expression ‘common law’ is used to describe a legal system based on the English model. This expression is also used to describe case law – the law developed by the courts as distinct from the law enacted by parliament. The common law in this sense owes its existence to the creations of generations of judges...
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