...John registered as a donor when he was 18 and continued to carry his donor registration card with him in his wallet; until at the age of 32, John suffered a brain hemorrhage, rendering him comatose on a ventilator with no hope of neurological recovery. His parents wish to withdrawal life support, allowing him to pass away naturally. They do not wish to proceed with the organ donation nor have they specified a reason for this. John is single rendering his parents are legally his next-of-kin. So, is it ethical to allow John’s parents to veto his organ donation? John, his parents and the subsequent recipients of the potential organ donation all have viable incentives in the outcome of this case and each can be addressed when appealing to three...
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...Paying for Organ Donation Opening summary Article’s purpose and thesis: Dr. Sally Satel is a psychiatrist and professor at Yale University. Dr. Satel’s essay on “The Case of Paying for Organ Donors,” shows how there is a shortage of organ donors in society. Dr. Satel, suggests that financial and other incentives should be introduced to raise more transplant organs. In The Case for Paying Organ Donors, legalizing a through, well structured and stringently monitored compensation program for organ donation will aid in significantly reducing the two major reasons that allow for the successful existence of underground markets and corrupt organizations. There would be a dire shortage of organs available and the desperation that patients experience waiting for a transplant. In conjunction with a well organized enforcement of a ban on the trafficking of human organs is the best solution to helping the problem get better not worse. I. Satel claims that strictly monitored and regulated donor compensation programs are the best solution in helping to eliminate the existence of a lucrative, corrupt practice that has only growth in its future. A. In paragraph 9, Satel has a strong argument because she says that the task force is worried that buying organs, even if done legally, will encourage very poor people to sell their organs out of desperation. A fair point. Satel’s, answer is a plan that circumvents donor exploitation...
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...accessible to public, there has been a scarcity of organs for transplantation for the past few decades. In order to meet the enormous demand, alternative sources have been adopted from condemned prisoners to supplement the supply. In particular, the practice of harvesting the organs of condemned prisoners for use in transplant operations has become an open secret in China. As the number whom she executes has decreased by 75% in recent years, shortage problem arises for a medical system that relying on such flow of organs. In fact, use of executed prisoners' organs for medical transplantation has always received bitter criticism from the international community. What highlight the problem are the...
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...The organ shortage: To market, or not to market? Jessica Peabody Baker College Organ transplantation is a term that most people are familiar with. When a person develops the need for a new organ either due to an accident or disease, they receive a transplant, right? No, that's not always right. When a person needs a new organ, they usually face a long term struggle that they may never see the end of, at least while they are alive. The demand for transplant organs is a challenging problem that many people are working to solve. Countries all over the world face the organ shortage epidemic, and they all have different laws regarding what can be done to solve it. However, no country has been able to create a successful plan without causing moral and ethical dilemmas. The organ shortage is at a critical level, and unless a better system is devised, it will continue to get worse. The debate on whether to legalize and regulate organ trade through the free market has become a very controversial issue in the last decade. The shortage of organs is a problem the increases dramatically every day. In 2010, there were more than 112,000 people on the organ waiting list in the United States. However, there were only 14,507 donors. Of those donors, only 6,564 were "live donors" (UNOS, 2010). Organ trafficking is rising in popularity due to the constant increase in demand for organs and the continuous decrease in supply. Trafficking is the illegal trade of human organs such as the heart...
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...ETHICAL ISSUES IN HEALTH To evaluate the impact of moral philosophy on medical practice we must first look at what a moral philosophy is, also which philosophies that will be included. Moral philosophy is the area of philosophy concerned with theories of ethics, with how we ought to live our lives. Deontology and utilitarianism are the two philosophies that I shall be evaluating and applying throughout this essay. These are two time-honoured philosophical positions that apply to a wide variety of topics. Deontology is an ethical system that is attributed to the philosophical tradition of Immanuel Kant. Deontology demands that the actions, or means themselves must be ethical. This philosophy is based upon principles of duty and obligation, we have the freedom to act morally (right) or otherwise (wrong) based on General Universal Laws. To respect life means that you must not kill, to respect others is not to steal these moral laws are black and white as you must do what is right and do not do what is wrong regardless of circumstance or outcome. Deontologists argue that there are transcendent ethical norms and truths that are universally applicable to all people. Deontology holds that some actions are immoral regardless of their consequence; these actions are wrong in and of themselves. We should not act out of feeling, inclination, love or compassion, but out of our moral duty according to the universal moral laws. Kant gives a ‘categorical imperative’ to act morally at all times...
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...Transplantation is defined as, the process of taking an organ or living tissue and implanting it in another part of the body or in another body. (Oxford, 2018). Xenotransplantation is a particular type of transplantation “the process of grafting or transplanting organs or tissues between members of different species” (Oxford, 2018) Solid organs like a heart or liver, as well as tissue, such as skin, and or their components or groups of specialised cells can be transplanted under this umbrella term. An example of this could be transplanting a heart valve from pig to replace a heart valve in a human patient. A significantly large number of people die each year waiting for a vital organ transplant from a human donor, therefore, making the xenotransplantation...
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...In on Blackboard on or before the due date. Late assignments will incur a penalty of 10 % for each working day late. After seven (7) days, a zero mark will be recorded. E-mailed assignments will not be accepted. If you are given an extension, the details of this must be in writing from your tutor. This email needs to be attached to your assignment as an appendix. All assignments must be typed and professionally presented. All assignments must be uploaded to Turnitin on or before the due date. ASSIGNMENT ONE –AN ESSAY IN RESPONSE TO A PR ISSUE Due: Week of Module 5 Upload to Turnitin by 4pm on the Friday of that week Weighting: 20% This is an individual assignment. Suggested length 1,500 to 2,000 words excluding reference list. Your assignment requires you to examine a current issue in society and respond to the overall question being posed. Your essay should have a clear introduction and conclusion. However, the main body of your essay should address the four set questions. You are recommended to answer each of these questions in turn. Approach the assignment from a communication perspective, using the concepts and theories introduced in class and in your textbook as a framework. The internet sources provided serve only as the starting point for your assignment. You are expected to conduct your own research to support your answers to the questions. You will find relevant material l on the Internet, in the media and via the library’s scholarly...
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...Cloning is paradigmatic because it signifies both a specific medical technique and the mode of operation of modern technique. As a specific technique it allows the reproduction of biological organisms, including humans. As a mode of operation it signifies the turning of given phenomena into human-induced processes, and in doing so seeks to control, if not outright eliminate, otherwise given differences. In the latter sense, cloning is equally applicable to biological organisms and cultural artifacts, including law. Seen from this perspective the homogenization of international law in the field of biotechnology is a telling case of the cloning of international law. The essay will begin with a science fiction account of cloning through a brief discussion of Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World.17 I will then move to discuss two case studies of genetic regulation, which simultaneously address the problem of cloning and reproduce the problem on a different level. The first concerns human cloning and the 2005 United Nation Declaration on the Human Cloning.18 The second concerns stem-cell research and a more recent decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the case of Brüstle v. Greenpeace (2011), to impose a blanket prohibition on patenting the outcome of stem-cell research. The two cases represent the growing international governance of biotechnologies. Both regulations set limits on the use of specific biotechnologies either by an outright prohibition of...
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...Warning You do not have permissions to perform this activity Courses Download Save Link Courses View Syllabus English Composition II Details | This course explores various types of research writing, with a focus on constructing essays, arguments, and research reports based on primary and secondary sources. A writing-intensive course. Prerequisite: ENG-105 | Credit Hours | 4.0 | Pre-requisites | ENG-105 | Co-requisites | None | Course Add-Ons | Textbook1. Finding Purpose Through Argumentative WritingGrand Canyon University (Ed.). (2015). Finding purpose through argumentative writing.http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2015/finding-purpose-through-argumentative-writing_ebook_1e.phpElectronic Resource1. The Writing Process Mediahttp://lc.gcumedia.com/zwebassets/courseMaterialPages/eng105_writingProcess.php 2. Rubric Peer Review Mediahttp://cola.gcumedia.com/phi105/rubric/rubricCompare.html 3. Flashcard DeckUtilize the flashcard deck to review key terms and definitions.http://lc.gcumedia.com/mediaElements/gcu-flashcard-application/v1.1/#/add/ENG-106 Additional Material1. Developing Academic Skills GuideReview this resource as you move forward in the course. It will be important to come back to this resource periodically.ENG106_DevelopingAcademicSkillsGuide.docx 2. Academic Writing GuidelinesReview this resource as you move forward in the course. It will be important to start your assignments. Come back to this resource periodically...
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... Student Number: 1057404 In cloning for medical-research purposes the development of the embryo is halted as soon as a cluster of stem cells develops. The stem cells are then harvested for research purposes. Due to the fact that no infant is born (in fact the embryo never even gets past the blastocyst stage), it is argued that this type of cloning has nothing to do with human cloning. (Hatch Backs Limited Cloning, 2002). For this reason this paper shall take the statement “to clone a human being” as meaning cloning that results in a fully formed human and not on the cloning of embryos for the purposes of research. The issues around cloning are in the main more ethical than theological and yet most of the objections to cloning come from religious sources, even if those objections are not religious in nature. The first objection is that cloning leaves God out of the process of human creation. This only makes sense though if your definition of God is of a being that plays a role in the birth of each member of our species. Even holding to this view it does not necessarily follow that cloning is comparable to playing God (Brannigan, 2001). How can science prevent a supposedly omnipotent and omnipresent being from doing anything, and if it is possible this raises serious questions about God’s divinity and even our own. The second objection is that we are creating an infant independent of human sexual congress...
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...Patrick Zimmer Home | Projects | Music | Sitemap | Contact Genetic Engineering Essay Projects / Academic / Genetic Engineering Essay GENETIC ENGINEERING - The benefits and problems Genetic engineering is a powerful and potentially very dangerous tool. To alter the sequence of nucleotides of the DNA that code for the structure of a complex living organism, can have extremely ill effects although the potential benefits can be huge. Before advances in genetic applications, gene therapy was unheard of and genetic defects were always inherited, plaguing generations. Today genetic testing is widely available, such as prenatal karyotyping of chromosomes to check for genetic abnormalities. Genetic testing is also useful for families in which autosomal recessive disorders are known to exist, when these are planning to have children. In addition, genetic testing is available for people who might have inherited a genetic disorder which only becomes apparent later in life (for example Huntington's Disease). Individual choice decides whether a person would rather know if they are particularly vulnerable to certain diseases or more likely to die young. Knowing that your life may be short could inspire you to make the most of it while it could equally well cause severe depression. Today`s advances in gene therapy make it possible to even remove a faulty gene and replace it with a functioning gene in cells lacking this function. Though these techniques are available, they are still in...
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...WRI 102 Argumentative Essay 21st March, 2013 Cloning The twenty first century has brought in many extraordinary breakthroughs one of which happens to be cloning. Cloning can be defined as the process of creating a cell, tissue line or even a complete organism from a single cell (Jane Maienshchein, 2001). Cloning was a mere dream that people in the past used to have and wish upon, where cloning has been seen to be an impossible desire that no man can achieve. However, nowadays technology has reached levels that people thought would never reach and spread into so many branches and depths that now it has become safe to say that nothing is really impossible. Breaking the impossibility, many questions are being asked and many arguments are taking place around human cloning. Cloning has been considered to not just human beings but to animals as well. When the sheep dolly was cloned, the issue of cloning became something familiar to read about in the news. Many headlines have helped the public consider about taking part in this serious issue that is human cloning. Questions start to rise regarding the possibility of human cloning, and of course technology, they are questions that never stop. What has started out as thoughts and ideas about human cloning written down on papers, are now ideas that are being turned in to live experiments preformed in the labs. Away from the different views of the religious organizations and people’s thoughts and disagreement, cloning can be considered...
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... 3) ETHICAL THEORY 4) ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 5) NEGLIGENCE 6) CONSENT IN COMPETENT ADULTS 7) CONSENT IN CHILDREN 8) CONSENT IN INCOMPETENT ADULTS 9) CONSENT CONCERNING UNUSUAL IDEAS 10) ADVANCE DIRECTIVES 11) CONFIDENTIALITY 12) CONFIDENTIALITY AUDIT 13) EUTHANASIA 14) ABORTION 15) BIOTECHNOLOGY 16) SUGGESTED READING ONE – INTRODUCTION (Registrar) The importance of Ethical thinking in General Practice is becoming more and more apparent. It should not be thought that Ethics merely relates to the “Life and Death” issues in our Professional life – Abortion, Contraception, Euthanasia and the like. Ethical issues affect some part of almost every consultation, even if the ethical issue is something more mundane like obtaining adequate consent for an examination or respecting a patient’s dignity. Indeed, it could be argued that the Consultation skills that we foster so assiduously are actually Ethical skills – and that we need to know the patient’s “Ideas, Concerns and Expectations” in order to respect his Autonomy as well as in order to improve the outcome of the Consultation. In the 1998/99 academic year, I was appointed the deanery’s Medical Ethics fellow with a bursary from the MDU. I developed an approach to the teaching of GP ethics based on two half day sessions, which I presented in each VTS scheme in the deanery. The first session involved a consideration of Ethical theory....
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...people, who are terminally ill. It will also examine, how hematopoietic stem cell transplantations affect both the donor and the receiver. Aside from that it will contain an analysis of “My sister’s keeper” by Jodi Picoult, which will be used to understand the ethical questions that are relevant. In 2004 Danish legislation made it legal to make so called saviour siblings with the same tissue type as their sick older sibling. This meant legalising a certain method of stem cell therapy. In 2009 the first saviour sibling in Denmark was born. A child just like the fictional “Anna” from the novel “My sister’s keeper.” This novel was written in 2004 with the purpose of creating discussion about the stem cell research and use within medical treatment. The ethical questions of stem cell use, makes it problematic to use certain stem cell types called humane embryonic stem cells. Instead another type of pluripotent stem cells can be used. These are called induced pluripotent stem cells and are made specifically for the patient. This means no embryo gets killed in the process. These ethical questions are discussed in the study and it is concluded that stem cell therapy can be used to help people survive illnesses such as leukaemia. It also concludes that certain ethical problems question whether or not we should and in the end it concludes, that we need an active ethical discussion, because the stem cell research is so strong going. Indholdsfortegnelse Indledning 4 Redegørelse...
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...Shaping Parental Authority over Children’s Bodies ALICIA OUELLETTE* INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 956 I. SCULPTING, SHAPING, AND SIZING CHILDREN: FOCUS CASES.............................. 959 A. WESTERNIZING ASIAN EYES..................................................................... 960 B. HORMONES FOR STATURE ........................................................................ 961 C. LIPOSUCTION ON A TWELVE YEAR OLD.................................................... 963 D. GROWTH STUNTING ................................................................................. 964 II. THE LAW, MEDICINE, PARENTAL RIGHTS, AND CHILDREN’S BODIES ................. 966 A. BACKGROUND LAW ................................................................................. 966 B. APPLICATION IN SHAPING CASES .............................................................. 969 C. ROOM FOR REGULATION .......................................................................... 971 III. WHAT IS REALLY WRONG WITH MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SHAPING OF CHILDREN? ............................................................................................................ 973 A. THE NONSUBORDINATION PRINCIPLE AS A LIMIT ON INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS 974 B. CHILDREN AS PERSONS, PARENTAL RIGHTS ............................................. 977 C. MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SHAPING OF CHILDREN IS DIFFERENT ............... 981 IV. CONCERNING...
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