...Chapter Twelve CORPORATE SINGLE INDUSTRY STRATEGY - This chapter is related to organizational control, structure and culture. Learning Objectives * Understand how organizational design requires the right combination of structure, control, and culture. * Discuss how effective organizational design enables company to increase product differentiation, reduce costs, & build competitive advantage. * Explain importance of flat hierarchy & factors determining centralization/decentralization * Explain advantages of functional structure & why/when necessary to move to more complex structure. * Differentiate between complex forms of structure used for specific business-level strategies. - What comes first strategy or structure? During the 60s and 70s the strategy should follow your structure. The debate continues. Look at it based on the industry characteristics and the type of organization you are in. In the 90s researches argued that your structure should follow your strategy. As the strategy is more comprehensive than the structure, then structure should follow the strategy. The business environment is independent and the company is the dependent. Then we should follow the business environment. When we do the strategy, we examine the macro business environment the micro business environment the competitors analysis and understand...
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...influences on organizational cultures and practices have become a very important research topic in the field of management and organization since the last decades of the 20th century. National culture has been seen as one of the most influential situational factors, which determine organizational phenomena. More recently, after the collapse of socialism, the role of national culture in organizational practices in countries that are in transition is becoming a widely recognized and studied topic. However, empirical studies about cultural influences on organizational subcultures and leadership styles in Ethiopian organizations are not very frequent in contemporary literature. In fact, there are almost no relevant attempts to examine these phenomena. Nevertheless, after democratic political changes in May 1991, we can observe a growing interest in understanding national culture and leadership practices in Ethiopian organizations, as well as in the whole Ethiopian society. Therefore, the main purpose of this assignment paper is to investigate the influence of national culture on organizational culture and practices (subcultures and leadership styles) in Ethiopian organizations. Widely known Geert Hofstede’s value/belief theory of culture (Hofstede, 2001) with its theoretical and methodological premises has been used as a starting point of this assignment. 1 2. 2.1. LITRATURE REVIEW DEFINITION OF CULTURE We must first define and agree on what Culture is before we...
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...Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Paper What is Organizational Behavior? In fact organization behavior (OB) covers a lot of meaning and concepts in it. For example, there are organizational culture; diversity; communication; organizational effectiveness and efficiency; and organizational learning. Those key terms can give people a fully explanation what is Organizational Behavior. In the following, I am going to explain those key terms one by one, and also I will show you some examples that relative between my company and those keys term. First, I have to give a little bit ideas what is Organizational Behavior (OB). Organizational Behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives. In my company, I am a general manager of the sales department. I usually treat my staff as well as I can. For example, on the end of each month, I will provide a dinner party for my staff, even it is not expensive dinner, but my staffs are all happy to attend. Also I will try to strive for as much as benefits for my staffs, too. Such as ask the company provides cheaper medical insurance, or...
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...theories in organisations4 Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations. | Issue Date | | Final Submission Deadline: | Submission Date: | Signature of Assessor | | Signature ofInternal Verifier | | UNIT AIM The aim of this unit is to give learners an understanding of individual and group behaviour in organisations and to examine current theories and their application in managing behaviour in the workplace. UNIT INTRODUCTION This unit focuses on the behaviour of individuals and groups within organisations. It explores the links between the structure and culture of organisations and how these interact and influence the behaviour of the workforce. The structure of a large multi-national company with thousands of employees worldwide will be very different from a small local business with 20 employees. The way in which an organisation structures and organises its workforce will impact on the culture that develops within the organisation. The structure and culture of an organisation are key factors which contribute to motivating the workforce at all levels of the organisation. The Japanese were instrumental in developing a culture of ‘continuous improvement through...
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...Organizational Culture With millions of companies and organized workforces all over the world, each work setting will always end up being different in some way shape or form. This is where many of the great companies try to separate themselves from having a positive and effective organizational work culture, which will consist of beliefs, values, and attitude that each employee will bring with them on a daily basis to work. All the way from the top (The CEO) to the bottom (Interns/Temporary workers), establishing a good culture at your company and with your surroundings is essential to maintaining employee happiness and drive which eventually will lead to efficient work and results in the long run. Good work culture can be as simple as walking into work every day with a smile on your face, always willing to learn about your co-workers and be able to help anyone when they are of in need, even when it isn’t specifically work related. You have to be able to work together as a team to build an atmosphere that can be appreciated by outsiders and build a culture where someone who on their first day on the job could tell that they made the right decision by accepting a job at that company. But building a positive organizational culture isn’t a single person’s task, but rather something a group establishes over a period of time. As one of the great NBA basketball coaches of all time Phil Jackson once said “The strength of the team is each individual member and the strength...
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...practitioners and theorists are increasing interest in organizational culture as a category, which determines the effectiveness of the organization. This sort of "molecular level" of the latter, on the one hand, gives it a unique, on the other - allowing it to adapt to the environment, and employees - to the existence within it, but at the same time inspiring them to solve common problems. It is this circumstance had in mind a Swedish scientist Iesper Kunde, who in his book "Corporate Religion" suggests that all the famous brands owe their success above all a clear and strong integration of ideology and values in the consciousness of its employees. The concept of organizational culture as a form of process management emerged in the late 70's and 80's of the XX century in the period of institutionalization of the organization, when from a producer of goods and services it has become a social unit. Until that time, the functions of management were reduced to coordinating and controlling the activities of groups, ensuring the interaction of units to achieve the goals, etc. However, the concept of organizational culture was not something totally new. This phenomenon is considered in M. Weber, K. Levin, T. Parsons, F. Selonika. A C. Bernard and G. Simon introduced the concept of "organizational morale", in essence similar to the definition of organizational culture. Many Western researchers have linked the fact of handling the organizational culture as well as management functions and the need...
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...Organizational behavior is an academic discipline concerned with describing, understanding, predicting, and controlling human behavior in an organizational environment. Organizational behavior has evolved from early classical management theories into a complex school of thought—and it continues to change in response to the dynamic environment and proliferating corporate cultures in which today's businesses operate. "The task of getting organizations to function effectively is a difficult one," wrote David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman in Hackman, Lawler, and Porter's Perspectives on Behaviors in Organizations. "Understanding one individual's behavior is a challenging problem in and of itself. A group, made up of different individuals and multiple relationships among those individuals, is even more complex…. In the fact of this overwhelming complexity, organizational behavior must be managed. Ultimately the work of organizations gets done through the behavior of people, individually or collectively, on their own or in collaboration with technology. Thus, central to the management task is the management of organizational behavior. To do this, there must be the capacity to understand the patterns of behavior at individual, group, and organization levels, to predict what behavior responses will be elicited by different managerial actions, and finally to use understanding and prediction to achieve control." The Behavioral Sciences Organizational behavior scientists study four...
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...------------------------------------------------- Corporate Culture Definition: A blend of the values, beliefs, taboos, symbols, rituals and myths all companies develop over time | | | | | | Whether written as a mission statement, spoken or merely understood, corporate culture describes and governs the ways a company's owners and employees think, feel and act. Your own business's culture may be based on beliefs spelled out in your mission statement. It could consist in part of a corporate symbol, like the rainbow-colored apple that symbolizes Apple Computer. Whatever shape it takes, your corporate culture plays a big role in determining how well your business will do. If you're not happy with your current culture, there are things you can do to start changing it now. Look for a symbol, story, ritual or other tool you could use to bring out the values and practices you want for your company. Your cultural tool might be a new corporate logo symbolizing your company's personality. Or you could choose a story to embody your approach and make it part of your culture. If you can't find a tool, make one. For example, you can turn an admired former employee into a symbol by giving an award named after that individual, complete with ritual ceremony. Corporate Culture Related Terms: Corporate Image Corporate culture refers to the shared values, attitudes, standards, and beliefs that characterize members of an organization and define its nature. Corporate culture is rooted in an organization's goals...
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...LEADERSHIP Leading a team or a group is a real skill that takes time, thought and dedication. Leadership is the most studied aspect of business and organization because it is the one over aching topic that makes the difference between success and failure. At times, it may seem overwhelming complex, but by focusing on some fundamentals you will find that you can lead your team with confidence and skill. Leadership and management are two distinctive and complementary systems of action. Each has its own function and characteristics activities. Both are necessary for success in an increasingly complex and volatile business environment. Strong leadership with weak management is no better, and is sometimes actually worse, than the reverse. The real challenge is to combine strong leadership and strong management and use each to balance the other. Both leadership and management skills are needed for success. At times, “leadership” will need to manage task and projects, and “managers” will need to influence and inspire people. Managers are not confined to management and leaders are not restricted to leadership the critical issue is about getting the right balance for the job you do. Management is generally seen to involve overseeing day to day operations, accomplishing goals and achieving tasks, while leadership spans a wider remit that includes influencing and inspiring others, generating ideas and defining a strategy and vision. GROUP DYNAMICS The term “group dynamics” describe the...
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...Organizational Behavior Analysis By Ron Bennett BUS610: Organizational Behavior Instructor: Magdy Hussein May 19, 2014 Organizational behaviors are the actions and attitudes of individuals and groups toward one another and toward the organization as a whole, and its effect on the organization’s functioning and performance. Organizational studies comprise the study of organizations form multiple perspectives, methods, and levels of analysis. Many factors come into play whenever people interact in organizations. Modern organizational studies have attempted to understand and model these factors. Organizational behavior can play a major role in organizational development, enhancing overall performance by the organization, as well as enhancing individual and group performance, satisfaction, and commitment. As you can see from the definition above, organizational behavior encompasses a wide range of topics, such as human behavior, change, leadership, teams, etc. This paper will focus on a few parts of organizational behavior. The organization’s base rests on management’s philosophy, values, vision and goals. The bases drive the organizations culture, which is composed of the formal organization, informal organization, and the social environment. The culture determines the type of leadership, communication and group forces at work within that organization. “Human relations theories incorporate the concept that positive employee attitudes, combined with praise and recognition...
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...Impact of Organizational Culture on Internal Corporate Communication and Team Dynamics – A Case Study Analysis [Student Name] [Student ID] [Submission Date] Table of Contents Organizational Culture 3 The Impact of Culture 3 Group Dynamics 4 Tuckman's Teamwork Theory 4 Phases of Tuckman’s Teamwork Theory 5 The 4 Phases of Tuckman's Teamwork Theory 5 Belbin Team Role Theory - The Eight Team Roles 7 Theoroes of Motivation 11 Link 18 Conclusion 19 Recommendations 19 Organizational Culture Organizational culture is a is a group of values shared by a group of people, mostly silent between the members and, obviously, unique to the group, which are passed on to new group members. Organizational culture is a mechanism of knowhow, standards of perception, thinking, evaluation and action. Cultural Impact The culture of an organization is evolving to survive with their surroundings. Organizational culture helps managers to set standards and believes in which each member to work in a single standardized template. Organizational culture can enhance the effectiveness of the organization. The effects of organizational culture are multidimensional. A robust organization will always focus on the environment it creates for its employees, because it helps attract a company which is efficient. They focus on creating and maintaining an organizational culture that shows...
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...Culture is one of the basic things in life. Whether when we are working, dealing with people, spending time with family or even doing our daily routine. Culture is learned since we were born, no matter we as human realized the differences or not. Culture is the full range of learned behaviour patterns that are acquired by people as members of a society like in a family. A culture is a complex, interrelated with anything that consists of the knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, skills, and habits learned from parents and others in a society. Culture is the basis of transparent material of adaptation for humans. The word culture itself comes from the Latin term pronounce as cultura, which is related to cult or worship. In general, the term refers to the feedback of human interaction. Culture is knowledge that acquired that people use to interpret experience and generate social behaviour. This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behaviour. Somehow, culture also has the characteristics of being learned, shared, trans-generational, symbolic, patterned, and adaptive. There are also many dimensions of cultural diversity, which is focus on centralized vs. decentralized decision making, safety vs. risk, individual vs. group rewards, informal vs. formal procedures, high vs. low organizational loyalty, cooperation vs. competition, short-term vs. long-term horizons, and stability vs. innovation area in this assignment. This assignment will...
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...Challenges to Overcoming Organizational Problem in a Multinational Company Introduction: Organizations achieve their goals by creating, communicating and operating an organizational behavior system. These systems exist in every organization, but sometimes in varying forms. They have a greater chance of being successful, though, if they have been consciously created and regularly examined and updated to meet new and emerging conditions. The primary purposes of organizational behavior systems are to identify and then help manipulate the major human and organizational variables that affect the results organizations are trying to achieve. For some of these variables, managers can exert some control over them. The outcomes, or and results, are typically measured in various forms of three basic criteria: performance (e.g. quantity and quality of products and services; level of customer services), employee satisfaction (often exhibited through lower absenteeism, tardiness, or turnover), or Personal growth and development (the acquisition of lifelong knowledge and skills leading to continued employability. A number of critical changes and challenges faced by managers today. Let’s compare today’s work environment with that of ten years ago. Prepare a list of six to eight items, and include a rationale for your choices. There are numerous items that you might have identified from your own work experience and your knowledge of organizational issues. Let’s review...
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...Culture and strategy Introduction In the strategic literature the need to develop a strategy that requires the foundations of a culture that is compatible with the intended strategy is widely recognized. However, what is less widely understood is what happens when you have to fast track both cultural and strategic change when the strategy and its desired outcomes are both incompatible with the culture of the organization. How should managers deal with these challenges? How should such cultural appreciations be brought in to the discussion to develop and implement the business strategy? Cultural change is strategic change It is important to understand cultural change as also involving strategic change. Strategy can be considered as a cultural production that may involve cultural adaptation, or transformation, or both. This conceptualization is particularly useful if the organization is “betwixt and between” cultures and organizational identities i.e. a local authority department aspiring to become a commercially driven company. I will use a case study of such an organization that was changing from a council department into a Limited Liability Partnership to flesh out some ideas that illuminate the relationship between strategic development and organizational culture. Culture is not like a skin that an organization can discard as it selects a new organizational culture that is perceived to have strategic fit with its commercial strategy. In my view culture is the organization...
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...Organizational Behavior 6 Abstract The Importance of Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts In the working world today there are several different type of work environments, they all have in common one thing Organizational Behavior that has several different points to it. With this thought in mind we will find out various points about organizational behavior. Organizational Behavior 6 What does Organizational Behavior mean in the working world today? There are various ways that people try to explain it but defining Organizational behavior is not that simple. The Organizational behavior can basically mean what your company teaches your employees on how they should act in the working field. In business today the organizational behavior chain can only get stronger due to the understanding of the new age management to help people get up to modern day working fields. We need to understand what our part is in ethical behavior, globalization technology, utilization diversity, and high performance to work life balance. Companies currently will make sure that their employees understand how all of the parts in organizational behavior work by offering classes to improve communication gaps. In my work place we are offered classes to help us understand what is expected of an employee in the organization. How does Organizational Culture play an important role in organizations? The definition of organizational culture is the specific collection of values...
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