...Organization and management analysis HCS 514 Feb. 2015 Dr. Lisa Keener Organization and management analysis Organizational and management analysis are two crucial part of an organizational setting to overcome inefficiencies and identifying problems. In today’s world, characteristics of an organization like teamwork, information technology boundaries, and delegation in working environment shows impact on the effectiveness of organization and management. It affects the organization in terms of cost reduction, improved employee satisfaction, decrease in environmental waste, and also an increase in overall productivity (Liebler & McConnell, 2012). This paper includes a description of various organizational theories and compares management styles. It also comprises which organizational theory and management style resembles the most to my organization. Also, this paper includes an explanation for what could be changed to make my organization better. Organization and management analysis helps organizations in productivity improvement. Introduction Organizational analysis is the process of reviewing the work environment, development, personnel and operation of a business or other type of association related to an organization. Organizational analysis helps management in the identification of problems and inadequacies present in the company, and also find out the way to deal with them. Likewise, management analysis recommends techniques to improve an organization’s productivity...
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...necessary to know the theoretical models. There are few reviews in the literature about the comparison of IT adoption models at the individual level, and to the best of our knowledge there are even fewer at the firm level. This review will fill this gap. In this study, we review theories for adoption models at the firm level used in information systems literature and discuss two prominent models: diffusion on innovation (DOI) theory, and the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework. The DOI found that individual characteristics, internal characteristics of organizational structure, and external characteristics of the organization are important antecedents to organizational innovativeness. The TOE framework identifies three aspects of an enterprise's context that influence the process by which it adopts and implements a technological innovation: technological context, organizational context, and environmental context. We made a thorough analysis of the TOE framework, analysing the studies that used only this theory and the studies that combine the TOE framework with other theories such as: DOI, institutional theory, and the Iacovou, Benbasat, and Dexter model. The institutional theory helps us to understand the factors that influence the...
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...Organizational and Management Analysis Organizational and Management Analysis According to "Organization Theory" (2014), “Organization by its most basic definition, is an assembly of people working together to achieve common objectives through a division of labor” (1). Organizations are composed of individuals utilizing their strengths to achieve a goal. Primary focus of organizations is to deliver decent service to customers. A development of organizational theories and styles have been implemented which include adaption, efficiency, culture, and subordination. Within these organizations management theories and styles are incorporated to improve the quality of the organization. Reconstruction of organizations has initiated changes to management styles. Management styles include authoritarian, team leaders, counselors, and coaches. Additionally management theories support the management styles. Various types of management theories are discussed. A discussion of organizational theory, management theory, styles and explanation of the changes that can be implemented with the current employer are elaborated. Describe various organizational theories Classical theory evolved during the first half of this century. It represents administrative theory, bureaucratic theory, and the merger of scientific management. In which Frederick Taylor (1917) developed a scientific management theory at the beginning of the century it as often called Taylorism. Taylorism was made of four basic principles...
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...Volume 13(3), 2008, article 3. 1 Perspectives on Organizational Change: Systems and Complexity Theories Francis Amagoh Department of Public Administration Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research (KIMEP) Almaty Famagoh@Kimep.Kz OR famagoh@excite.com Abstract It is becoming increasingly important for organizations to gain competitive advantage by being able to manage and survive change. This paper presents two theoretical paradigms (systems and complexity theories) through which organizational change processes can be fruitfully examined. Systems and complexity theories are two valuable perspectives that can equip organizational leaders with the requisite knowledge and understanding of how to respond and adapt to the uncertainties and demands of global change. These two paradigms are particularly useful in the areas of organizational intelligence, organizational design, knowledge management, and corporate strategy, to mention but a few. Key Words: Systems Theory, Complexity Theory, Organizational Change, And Organizational Transformation Introduction The ability of organizations to manage and survive change is becoming increasingly important in an environment where competition and globalization of markets are ever intensifying (Cao and McHugh, 2005: 475). Through the mid-20th century, there had been increased attempts to apply theories of organizational change to the analysis of human organizations (Byeon, 2005: 223). The first...
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...Management & Environments Organizational management can have many approaches. Keeping employees, suppliers and consumers happy can be a complex process. It has been determined that contemporary approaches to management directly relate to an open system and the environments of an organization. Not all contemporary approaches to management relate to every organizational environment directly, but can have an overall impact. Sociotechnical systems theory is a contemporary approach to management that says that the right combination of workers along with their knowledge, training and tools leads to organizational effectiveness in satisfying customers. Quantitative management is another contemporary approach that prioritizes mathematical or statistical analysis as basis for decision making. This approach helps a manager make a decision by developing formal mathematical models including linear programming, queuing theory, simulation, forecasting, inventory modeling, network modeling, and breakeven analysis to resolve a problem (Bateman & Snell, 2013). The organizational behavior contemporary approach studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the dynamic nature of individual and group behaviors and interactions along with organizational processes. Systems theory shows that the organization’s performance depends on how effective it is providing goods or services using inputs from the external environment. Systems theory also points out that...
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...1 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Which of these statements about the field of organizational behaviour is FALSE? A Organizational behaviour scholars study individual, team and structural characteristics that influence . behaviour within organizations. B. Leadership, communication and other organizational behaviour topics were not discussed by scholars until the 1940s. C. Organizational behaviour emerged as a distinct field around the 1940s. D. The field of OB has adopted concepts and theories from other fields of inquiry. E. OB scholars study what people think, feel and do in and around organizations. Which of these statements about the field of organizational behaviour is TRUE? A. Organizational behaviour emerged as a distinct field during the 1980s. B. The origins of some organizational behaviour concepts date back to Plato and other Greek philosophers. C. Information technology has almost no effect on organizational behaviour. D.The field of organizational behaviour relies exclusively on ideas generated within the field by organizational behaviour scholars. E. The origins of organizational behaviour are traced mainly to the field of economics. In the field of organizational behaviour, organizations are best described as: A. legal entities that must abide by government regulations and pay taxes. B. physical structures with observable capital equipment. C. social entities with a publicly stated set of formal goals...
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...Theorizing inter-organizational inequality – Conceptual suggestions to overcome a blind spot Organizations form and are embedded in differently structured institutional fields (DiMaggio/Powell 1991, Scott 2008) which embody certain structures of relational positions (Powell et al 2005), i.e. structures of inequality sui generis. Organizational hierarchies, positions in organizational networks, or organizational status do have an impact on, say, the capacities of organizations to engage in institutional work successfully, their internal promotion system, or more generally their ability to affect their own chances as well as chances in the lives of individuals for good or worse. If it is true that individual outcomes depend on organizational structures and those structures are strongly influenced by the social context they are embedded in, that implies not only to treat certain individual outcomes as dependent on organizational factors but ultimately as a function of the relational and relative position organizations find themselves in. Social inequality must therefore be understood and analytically fashioned as a multilevel-phenomenon. Despite that, inter-organizational inequality has been neglected in the study of social inequality and stratification. Studies that reproduce this blind spot firstly may overlook to mechanisms and their underlying institutions that may seriously interfere with the predominant models of ascriptive, variable-centered analysis, secondly they lose...
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...Organizational Behavior W. Jack Duncan Book review Meera Iyer Chapters 1. Organizational behavior: defining the field 2. Historical perspective 3. Methodological foundations of organizational behavior 4. Personality development and attitudes 5. The cognitive basis of individual behavior 6. Motivation: Theory and selected research 7. Introduction to small group behavior 8. Leadership behavior and effectiveness 9. Intergroup analysis: Co-ordination and conflict 10. The organization and the individual 11. Environments, organizations and behavior 12. Power relations in organizations 13. Performance evaluation and organizational effectiveness 14. Planned change and organizational development This book is about organizational behavior. It is also a text on management. The objective of the book is to present a research based approach to management from an applied behavioral science perspective. I have summarized each chapter of the book, explaining the main points that the authors wish to communicate. © www.hrfolks.com All Rights Reserved Organizational behavior – Defining the field Organizations are collections of interacting and inter related human and non-human resources working toward a common goal or set of goals within the framework of structured relationships. Organizational behavior is concerned with all aspects of how organizations influence the behavior of individuals and how individuals...
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...many IT systems, it could lead business organizations to a risky situation or failing to deliver expected returns. The main cause of this is the inconsistency between the system design and the desired requirements or for the misunderstanding between IT professionals and business experts. Therefore, to design e-commerce system, a communication pattern is needed either between system developers and business owner, or between customers and the online business system. Moreover, e-commerce system should be adapted with the whole business environment such as business norms and behavior, customer practice, business rules and government policy. However, Semiotic that is ‘the science of signs’ has brought many approaches to facilitate the process of understand signs’ meaning. The approach of organizational semiotic defied the organization as a group of social norms and emphasizes on the people and their role and responsibility in order to merge them when analyzing and designing information system (Stamper et al, 2004). For e-commerce systems, there is a necessity of clear meaning for each symbol, icon and image because almost all transactions done through the web system without human agent involvement. Therefore, semiotic methodologies have been improved to obtain effective communication and interpretation between e-commerce system and user, and to be compatible with the sophisticated information system. This paper aims to apply semiotic method and organizational analysis on the...
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...Conceptual analysis and specification of Morgan’s metaphors using the CAST method Taken from: Gazendam, Henk W.M. (1993). Variety Controls Variety: On the Use of Organization Theories in Information Management. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff. 400 pp. ISBN 90-01-32950-0. 4.2. An overview of Morgan's metaphors Morgan (1986) distinguishes eight metaphors for organizations: machine, organism, brain, culture, political system, psychic prison, flux and transformation, and instrument of domination. Each metaphor highlights other aspects of organizational life (see Figure 4.1.). For further analysis, the metaphors can be grouped into three groups: the machine group, the organism group, and the mind group. The machine group only contains the machine metaphor (Paragraph 4.3.). The organism group focuses on the dynamic relationship of organization and environment and contains the organism metaphor and the flux and transformation metaphor (Paragraph 4.4.). The mind group (Paragraph 4.5.) contains two subgroups. The first mind subgroup concentrates on the relationship between the minds of persons and the organization as a social construct; it contains the brain metaphor, the culture metaphor, and the psychic prison metaphor. The second mind subgroup focuses on coordination mechanisms and power plays, and encompasses the political system metaphor and the instrument of domination metaphor. metaphor machine highlights efficiency, quality, and timeliness of production processes in a machine...
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...Contemporary Theories of Management Contingency Theory Basically, contingency theory asserts that when managers make a decision, they must take into account all aspects of the current situation and act on those aspects that are key to the situation at hand. Basically, it’s the approach that “it depends.” For example, the continuing effort to identify the best leadership or management style might now conclude that the best style depends on the situation. If one is leading troops in the Persian Gulf, an autocratic style is probably best (of course, many might argue here, too). If one is leading a hospital or university, a more participative and facilitative leadership style is probably best. Systems Theory Systems theory has had a significant effect on management science and understanding organizations. First, let’s look at “what is a system?” A system is a collection of part unified to accomplish an overall goal. If one part of the system is removed, the nature of the system is changed as well. For example, a pile of sand is not a system. If one removes a sand particle, you’ve still got a pile of sand. However, a functioning car is a system. Remove the carburetor and you’ve no longer got a working car. A system can be looked at as having inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes. Systems share feedback among each of these four aspects of the systems. Let’s look at an organization. Inputs would include resources such as raw materials, money, technologies and people. These inputs...
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...management theory to that of a more modern one. The comparison will entail a personal understanding of the evolution of management thought as it is represented in the philosophies under analysis. Personal view would indicate or relate the thought that “I believe that the task of any theory of managing is to produce generalizations that are actionable by managers in everyday life and that as managers use such generalizations, they create opportunities for robust tests of their validity. The business of science and the business of managing are not separable” (Argyrols, 1996, p. ?). While personal reflection shows that each chosen theory can correlate into the business world of today, as commonalities can be examined, each hold a number of differences that illuminates the individuality of the theory and the times in which the theory originated or was prominent. For this paper there will be a look into organization theory in part as portrayed by Peter Drucker from a modern perspective and a science management theory as devised by Frederick Taylor. In today’s organizational society there is a push for organizations to become more in line with a true learning organization, which essentially separates from the more mainstream or traditional authoritarian and controlling philosophy to that of a behavioral philosophy consisting of: personal clarification of one’s vision and viewpoints centered on objectivity; team learning, collective thinking, brainstorming and analysis; and systems...
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...Organizational Behavior W. Jack Duncan Book review Meera Iyer Chapters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Organizational behavior: defining the field Historical perspective Methodological foundations of organizational behavior Personality development and attitudes The cognitive basis of individual behavior Motivation: Theory and selected research Introduction to small group behavior Leadership behavior and effectiveness Intergroup analysis: Co-ordination and conflict The organization and the individual Environments, organizations and behavior Power relations in organizations Performance evaluation and organizational effectiveness Planned change and organizational development This book is about organizational behavior. It is also a text on management. The objective of the book is to present a research based approach to management from an applied behavioral science perspective. I have summarized each chapter of the book, explaining the main points that the authors wish to communicate. © www.hrfolks.com All Rights Reserved Organizational behavior – Defining the field Organizations are collections of interacting and inter related human and non-human resources working toward a common goal or set of goals within the framework of structured relationships. Organizational behavior is concerned with all aspects of how organizations influence the behavior of individuals and how individuals in turn influence organizations. Organizational behavior is an inter-disciplinary...
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...Evidences from theory In recent decades, management practitioners and theorists are increasing interest in organizational culture as a category, which determines the effectiveness of the organization. This sort of "molecular level" of the latter, on the one hand, gives it a unique, on the other - allowing it to adapt to the environment, and employees - to the existence within it, but at the same time inspiring them to solve common problems. It is this circumstance had in mind a Swedish scientist Iesper Kunde, who in his book "Corporate Religion" suggests that all the famous brands owe their success above all a clear and strong integration of ideology and values in the consciousness of its employees. The concept of organizational culture as a form of process management emerged in the late 70's and 80's of the XX century in the period of institutionalization of the organization, when from a producer of goods and services it has become a social unit. Until that time, the functions of management were reduced to coordinating and controlling the activities of groups, ensuring the interaction of units to achieve the goals, etc. However, the concept of organizational culture was not something totally new. This phenomenon is considered in M. Weber, K. Levin, T. Parsons, F. Selonika. A C. Bernard and G. Simon introduced the concept of "organizational morale", in essence similar to the definition of organizational culture. Many Western researchers have linked the fact of handling the...
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...Chapter 1 administrative principles A closed systems management perspective that focuses on the total organization and grows from the insights of practitioners (p. 26) bureaucratic organization An organization design that emphasizes management on an impersonal, rational basis through elements such as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal record keeping, and uniform application of standard rules (p. 26) change strategy A plan to guide an organizational change (p. 6) chaos theory A scientific theory that suggests that relationships in complex, adaptive systems are made up of numerous interconnections that create unintended effects and render the environment unpredictable (p. 28) closed system A system that is autonomous, enclosed, and not dependent on its environment (p. 15) contextual dimensions Traits that characterize the whole organization, including its size, technology, environment, and goals (p. 18) contingency A theory meaning one thing depends on other things; the organization’s situation dictates the correct management approach (p. 27) effectiveness The degree to which an organization achieves its goals (p. 22) efficiency The amount of resources used to produce a unit of output (p. 22) Hawthorne Studies A series of experiments on worker productivity begun in 1924 at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Illinois; attributed employees’ increased output to managers’ better treatment of them during the study (p. 6) learning organization...
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