...Osteoporosis Osteoporosis (OS-tee-oh-poh-ROH-sis) is a disease of the bones. Osteoporosis is the most common type of bone disease. People with osteoporosis have bones that are weak and break easily. Everyone has cells that remove old bone and other cells that rebuild new bone. This ongoing process is part of what keeps your bones strong. When you have postmenopausal osteoporosis, bone-removing cells cause you to lose bone at a rate that is too fast. The result is thinner, weaker bones that can break more easily. In women, bone loss increases after menopause. In the 5 to 7 years after menopause, you can lose up to 20 percent of your bone mass—leaving you at risk for fracture. Researchers estimate that about 1 out of 5 American women over the age of 50 have osteoporosis. About half of all women over the age of 50 will have a fracture of the hip, wrist, or vertebra . (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001400/ ) Osteoporosis affects all bones in the body. However, breaks are most common in the hip, wrist, and spine, also called vertebrae (VUR-tuh-bray). Vertebrae support your body, helping you to stand and sit up. Osteoporosis in the vertebrae can cause serious problems for women. A fracture in this area occurs from day-to-day activities like climbing stairs, lifting objects, or bending forward. Signs of osteoporosis include sloping shoulders, curve in the back, height loss, back pain, hunched posture and a protruding abdomen. [pic] (http://www.womenshealth...
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...HSA 505 December 11, 2011 Product, Price, Distribution, and Promotion Identify a specialty that fits for your geographic area and justify your selection. A specialty that’s fits the Alabama geographic area is women’s health. The top five areas of women’s health that are affecting the lives of women on a daily basis are: heart disease, breast cancer, stroke, autoimmune diseases, and osteoporosis. Based on research I will attempt to prove why women’s health was chosen as a specialty by providing statistical facts and benefits. Worldwide, 8.6 million women die from heart disease each year, accounting for a third of all deaths in women. Heart disease is the number one killer in the state of Alabama. Research shows that in the year 2007 a total of 11,926 people died of heart disease and of that number 6, 018 were females. On an average, nearly twenty-one females die from heart disease in Alabama each day. Alabama is one of five states to have the highest death rate from heart disease. Alabama has the second highest death rate from cardiovascular disease in the country ("Alabama state fact,”). Statistics for the Alabama area show that per 100,000 women a rate of 116.8 was white and a rate of 116.2 was black that reported breast cancer incidents. Based on 100,000 women rates of 24.1 experienced deaths by breast cancer, rates show that 21.5 of women that died by breast cancer were white and 33.1 of those women were black ("Breast cancer rates," 2010). The stroke death rate...
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...Osteoporosis is a disease where decreased bone strength increases the risk of a broken bone. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among people who are old. Bones that commonly break include the back bones, the bones of the forearm, and the hip. Until a broken bone occurs there are typically no symptoms. Bones may weaken to such a degree that a break may occur with minor stress or spontaneously. Chronic pain and a decreased ability to carry out normal activities may occur following a broken bone. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis. It affects many women after menopause, leaving some women up in age such as an 84 year old slim, small boned female at high risk for fracture. Osteoarthritis is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness. Initially, symptoms may occur only following exercise, but over time may become constant. Other symptoms may include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, and when the back is affected weakness or numbness of the arms and legs. The most commonly involved joints are those near the ends of the fingers, at the base of the thumb, neck, lower back, knees, and hips. Joints on one side of the body are often more affected than those on the other. Usually the problems come on over years. It can affect work and normal daily activities. Unlike other types of arthritis, only the joints are typically affected. ...
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...2010 Personal care products fall into two categories: dietary supplements and cosmetics. Dietary supplements are products that are ingested, such as dried herbs, teas, tinctures, capsules, and tablets. These must meet regulatory requirements for processed foods as well as those listed below. Cosmetics are products that are applied to the human body for cleaning or body care. Fresh culinary herbs are exempt from these regulations. Information on selling fresh herbs can be found in the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Fact Sheet. Washington State law abides by the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act and with the federal trade commission act that expressly outlaws the false advertisement of food, drugs, devices, and cosmetics. For more information, please see the Washington State Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (RCW 69.04) which outlines the regulations governing the sale of dietary supplements and cosmetics at http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=69.04. In this fact sheet, we will review the regulations for: • dietary supplements definition; • dietary supplements safety and claims; • labeling dietary supplements; • definition of cosmetics; • federal regulations for cosmetics; and • cosmetics claims. Dietary Supplements Definition The State of Washington follows the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) definition of dietary supplements. These are considered products (other than tobacco) that are: • Intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following...
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...Cigarette smoking There is a major concern about banning cigarette smokers in the U.S. the mortality among both males and females smokers in the USA is more than three times higher than that among non-smokers. I agree that smoking should be prevented because it leads to many types of cancer and heart disease; secondly health affects exposure of secondhand smoke, thirdly it affects the health of the youth smoking tobacco, and fourthly the cost of treatment associated with cigarette smoking (healthcare). Cigarette smoking increases the risk of dying from cancer of the lungs, esophagus, larynx and oral cavity (as we studied in biology). The harmful effect of cigarettes is the chemical makeup of cigarette. According to Quitsmokingsupport.com Cigarettes contain over 4,000 chemicals , some of those chemicals are the heavy metals, humectants, casting agents ,pesticide, insecticides and nicotine which is an addictive substance added into a cigarette; that is why it is very hard for smokers to stop smoking right away . A friend’s mother who smoked up to 3 packs of cigarette per day for more than 25 years. She looked healthy and often cited that cigarette kills those who were already predisposed to suffer from those diseases. Years later she died, suffered from ventricular arrhythmia which means heart did not beat properly as a result it pumped little or no blood to the body organs; usually caused by nicotine in cigarette. According to Medical News Today (MNT), cigarette smoking...
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...Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa is a widespread disease that many men and women are dealing with in their lives. It has affected an increasingly large number of people, especially young women. Categorized as a psychological disorder, many people assume that weight must be controlled in order to feel accepted in society. How is this disorder gaining popularity with its life-threating consequences and severe side effects? Is there any real way to fix Anorexia or will it always be part of a vicious cycle in today’s society? Anorexia Nervosa is a type of eating disorder that affects approximately 95% of teenage females (medicinenet.com). People who have anorexia have an intense fear of gaining weight, therefore, limiting the amount of food they eat (webmed.com). It is a way of using food or starving oneself to feel more in control of their life and to ease tension, anger, and anxiety (womenshealth.gov). A person with anorexia often begins dieting to lose weight. Over time the weight loss becomes a sign of mastery and control (medicinenet.com). The individual continues the ongoing cycle of restrictive eating, accompanied by excessive exercising or the overuse of diet pills to induce loss of appetite, or diuretics, or laxatives in order to reduce body weight, often to the point close to starvation in order to feel a sense of control over her body (medicinenet.com). Anorexics lives become focused on controlling their weight (womenshealth.gov). There is no single known cause of...
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...from experts. Finally, the agency will not provide ads that offend public decency or minority groups(American Association of Advertising Agency). Ethics have always been an important aspect of every business activity, although the term has meant different times in different lands to different people. Nonetheless, as ethical concerns are an inseparable element of business, advertising cannot ignore them. Sadly, the advertising industry has rarely cared to look beyond immediate marketing objectives. The argument in the industry is that it is the government’s job to judge what is right and what is wrong. Shirking its own responsibility for regulation, the industry has belittled business values and agencies have harmed their balance sheets. For any business, customer is very important, and businesses attempt to communicate to all their target customers using means of communication like advertising and sales promotion. Advertising is very powerful and most commonly used tool. The term ethics in business involves “morality, organizational ethics and professional deontology” (Isaac, cited in Bergadaa, 2007). Every industry has its own guidelines for the ethical requirements. However, the principal four requirements for marketing communications are to be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Unfortunately, in a society where the course of action of the companies is determined by profit targets the use of marketing communications messages “may constitute a form of...
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...Midlife and Menopause Tess Strickland BHSH 371 September 4, 2012 Lisa Kirby Midlife and Menopause During a female’s midlife stage, one of the challenges that arise is menopause. According to the Animated Dissection of Anatomy for Medicine Journal or A.D.A.M., this is a natural event which typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 (2012). For some women this is easy process; for others it is quite difficult. How one copes with this process depends largely on their physical, emotional, and mental well being. Women usually ease into the process but some women, who have had a hysterectomy or have undergone chemotherapy for breast cancer, are thrust into it, and may experience menopause at a younger age (A.D.A.M. 2012).The following is an informational piece, which touches on the causes, symptoms, coping strategies, and suggested treatment methods of menopause. Causes The North American Menopause Society or NAMS (2011) defines menopause as “the reduced functioning of the ovaries due to aging, resulting in lower levels of estrogen and other hormones.” This marks the permanent end of fertility for women. Once a woman’s menstrual cycle has stopped for a period of 12 months or longer, they have entered menopause and are no longer able to bear children. According to NAMS (2011) there is a transitional phase called perimeopause; in which physical signs of menopause appear up to six years before and one year after the menstrual period ends. Postmenopause are the years following...
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...Reference: Bananas: Health Benefits, Risks & Nutrition Facts By Jessie Szalay, Live Science Contributor | April 22, 2014 02:30am ET 108 32 2061 Submit 13 Reddit | Credit: Maks Narodenko | ShutterstockView full size image | Bananas are among the most widely consumed fruits on the planet. In the United States, people eat more bananas than apples and oranges combined. The curvy yellow fruits are packed with nutrients and are especially high in potassium, fiber, magnesium, and vitamins C and B6. Eating bananas can help with battling depression, keeping bowel movements regular, improving heartburn, and lowering the risks of kidney cancers, diabetes, osteoporosis, blindness and other conditions. Here are the nutrition facts for bananas, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which regulates food labeling through the National Labeling and Education Act: Nutrition FactsServing size: 1 medium banana (4.5 oz / 126 g)Calories 110 Calories from Fat 0*Percent Daily Values (%DV) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. | Amt per Serving | %DV* | | Amt per Serving | %DV* | | | Total Fat 0g | 0% | | Total Carbohydrate 30g | 10% | | | Cholesterol 0mg | 0% | | Dietary Fiber 3g | 12% | | | Sodium 0mg | 0% | | Sugars 19g | | | | Potassium 450mg | 13% | | Protein 1g | | | | Vitamin A | 2% | | Calcium | 0% | | | Vitamin C | 15% | | Iron | 2% | | Health benefits Bananas are good for your heart. They...
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...smoking poor nutrition-diets high in saturated fat such as cholesterol can contribute to overweight and obesity. Low intake of fruit and vegetables can contribute to increased snacking on high fat and high sugar foods, increasing obesity, which heightens risk of CVD.Physical enviro: air quality (tobacco smoke) Access to recreational facilities-if lacking access, they might not exercise as much as otherwise might. Heightens risk of CVD and obesity.Social envrio- SES, Early life experiences. | Swap it, don’t stop it WHO- Diabetes Australia QueenslandWHAT- * The program works with Heart Foundation, Cancer Council Queensland and Nutrition Australia in QLD. * The program includes an online 12-week planner, iPhone app and a range of fact sheets and resources to support the community to Shape Up. * The program uses a...
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...Abstract The impact of poverty on individual patient is wide and far reaching; Medicaid program, the government funded and administered program that provides health care for these individuals have had to cut down on the types of covered services and the frequency for some services for the beneficiaries. As a result, cases of dire medical needs going unmet are, sadly no less common these days. Poverty status is determined by comparing total annual income to a set of dollar values called thresholds that vary by family size, number of related children, and age of householder. If a family’s before tax money income is less than the dollar value of their thresholds, then that family and every individual in it are considered to be in poverty. For people not living in families, poverty status is determined by comparing the individual’s total income to his or her threshold (U.S. Census Bureau). The poverty thresholds are updated annually to allow for changes in the cost of living using the Consumer Price Index (CPI-U). They do not vary geographically. SAIPE’s dependent variable is the estimates of poverty from the American Community Survey (ACS), a continuous survey with people responding throughout the year. Since income is reported for the previous 12 months, the appropriate poverty threshold for each family is determined by multiplying the base-year poverty threshold (1982) by the average of monthly CPI values for the 12 months preceding...
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...Name: Andrea Urbina Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly. 1. Which of the following statements about metabolism is false? You correctly answered: d. All of the energy from metabolism is ultimately stored in the chemical bonds of ATP. 2. Thyroxine is You correctly answered: c. the most important hormone for maintaining the metabolic rate and body temperature. 3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is You correctly answered: b. produced in the pituitary gland. 4. An injection of TSH to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following? You correctly answered: d. goiter development 5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is You correctly answered: a. secreted by the hypothalamus. 6. Which of the following statements is true? You correctly answered: b. The hypothalamus primarily secretes tropic hormones that stimulate the secretion of other hormones. 10/11/14 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: Make a prediction about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the remaining rats compared with the BMR of the normal rat you just measured. Your answer : c. The BMR of both remaining rats will be lower than the normal rat's BMR. Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen after you inject thyroxine into the three rats? Your answer : b. The thyroidectomized rat will become hyperthryoidic and develop a goiter...
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...manufacture, and its marketing. The company would pay LAB an initial fee, a royalty on all sales, and make additional payments as Davanrik completed each stage of the approval process. Merck In 2000, Merck & Co., Inc. was a global research-driven pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of human and animal health products, directly and through its joint ventures, and provides pharmaceutical benefit management services (PBM) through Merck-Medco Managed Care. Since 1995, Merck had launched 15 new products including Vioxx™ for the treatment of osteoarthritis, Fosamax™ for the treatment of osteoporosis and Singulair™ for treating asthma. The Company earned $5.9 billion on 1999 sales1 of $32.7 billion, about a 20% increase from 1998. Exhibits 1 and 2 contain Merck’s Income Statement and Balance Sheet. A handful of Merck’s most popular drugs, Vasotec™, Mevacor™, Prinivil™, and Pepcid™, generated $5.7 billion in worldwide sales. The patents for these drugs, however, would expire by 20022. Once the patents expired, Merck anticipated that the sales of these drugs would decline substantially as generic substitutes became available. The only way to counter the loss of...
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...manufacture, and its marketing. The company would pay LAB an initial fee, a royalty on all sales, and make additional payments as Davanrik completed each stage of the approval process. Merck In 2000, Merck & Co., Inc. was a global research-driven pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of human and animal health products, directly and through its joint ventures, and provides pharmaceutical benefit management services (PBM) through Merck-Medco Managed Care. Since 1995, Merck had launched 15 new products including Vioxx™ for the treatment of osteoarthritis, Fosamax™ for the treatment of osteoporosis and Singulair™ for treating asthma. The Company earned $5.9 billion on 1999 sales1 of $32.7 billion, about a 20% increase from 1998. Exhibits 1 and 2 contain Merck’s Income Statement and Balance Sheet. A handful of Merck’s most popular drugs, Vasotec™, Mevacor™, Prinivil™, and Pepcid™, generated $5.7 billion in worldwide sales. The patents for these drugs, however, would expire by 20022. Once the patents expired, Merck anticipated that the sales of these drugs would decline substantially as generic substitutes became available. The only way to counter...
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...manufacture, and its marketing. The company would pay LAB an initial fee, a royalty on all sales, and make additional payments as Davanrik completed each stage of the approval process. Merck In 2000, Merck & Co., Inc. was a global research-driven pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of human and animal health products, directly and through its joint ventures, and provides pharmaceutical benefit management services (PBM) through Merck-Medco Managed Care. Since 1995, Merck had launched 15 new products including Vioxx™ for the treatment of osteoarthritis, Fosamax™ for the treatment of osteoporosis and Singulair™ for treating asthma. The Company earned $5.9 billion on 1999 sales1 of $32.7 billion, about a 20% increase from 1998. Exhibits 1 and 2 contain Merck’s Income Statement and Balance Sheet. A handful of Merck’s most popular drugs, Vasotec™, Mevacor™, Prinivil™, and Pepcid™, generated $5.7 billion in worldwide sales. The patents for these drugs, however, would expire by 20022. Once the patents expired, Merck anticipated that the sales of these drugs would decline substantially as generic substitutes became available. The only way to...
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