...Outline and evaluate Right realist explanations of crime and deviance Crime is an act of behaviour that goes against the formal written laws, such as murder. Deviance is an act of behaviour that goes against the norms and values of society, such as being loud in the cinema. Right Realists believe crime is a real problem to be tackled not just a social construction (Interactionism) due to a significant rise in crime especially with street crime such as burglary and assault. They are concerned about the widespread fear of crime and about the impact of crime on its victims and argue other theories have failed to offer realistic solutions. In this essay I will outline and assess Right realists explanations of crime by referring to Wilson, Marsland, Hircshi, and use New right theorists Murray and Clark to support and criticise them. Right realist share New Right/ neo-conservative views about the underclass causing and committing crime. They argue that crime has become out of control and that society should get tougher on crime with harsher sentencing. In 1980s and 1990s society witnessed increasing levels of crime. Wilson is the father of Right Realism. He was a right wing policy advisor to Ronald Regan and had a very conservative view. Thus believing people are responsible for their own lives. He rejected the claim that the economic recession was to blame for the crime explosion due to the economic boom in the 1960s was accompanied by a huge rise in crime too. Wilson argued men...
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...Assess the usefulness of realism in developing our understanding of crime and deviance Sociologists, both left and right realists, have tried to develop accurate theories of crime that propose practical solutions when dealing with the worldly issues of crime and deviance. The way these two approaches pursue this is drastically different from one another, as both wings are from completely opposite ends of the political scale. Nevertheless, like all sociological theories, they have their margins and flaws, yet both approaches have demonstrated to be useful in developing our understanding of crime and deviance for a number of reasons. The origins of left realism lie in the desire to move away from “pure theory” to something which can be utilised and applied practically in order to solve the problem of crime in Britain. Left realism is predominantly useful in understanding crime and deviance because it avoids the age old divisions between structure and action. Instead, left realism sets out an outline which contains all levels of analysis, both micro and macro. Young for example, suggests that in order to truly understand and deal with crime efficiently, the interaction between micro and macro factors need to be considered alongside each other in what is referred to as ‘the square of crime’. Simply, this means that when studying the problem of crime, sociologists should consider the roles of the state (they have the power to define what is criminal and what is not), the offender...
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...transactions and communication globally. Although the introduction of IT facilitated global business interaction accompanied with other advantages. There has been a real problem ensuring efficient use of IT due to various problems associated with it, thus challenging various scientists to discover techniques on how to solve such problems. Therefore, by views arguments on different methods of solving problems, the following points are more applicable; it is very important to discover the cause and the effect of the problem, the application of brainstorming may easily help in correcting the problem. Checklists, impact diagrams and the“5-whys” strategy is also applicable in solving any IT problem (Johnson, 2005, pp. 213-215). Brainstorming method The key method of this paper is brainstorming; According to Johnson, 2005, pp. 213-215, it is more useful when a group of people gathers to discuss a certain issue by sharing ideas from each other through giving suggestions on how to solve the issue on hand. For example, a computer might be having a problem of connecting to the Internet, by coming together as a group it may be easier to solve such a problem; the problem might be usage of unregistered broadband transmitter with a specific Internet service provider or incorrect Internet software. Therefore, sharing with others the problem may easily be tacked (Doyle, 2001, pp. 120-130). The cause and effects By considering...
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...to try as you get started. 1. GETTING ORIENTED It’s useful to think of a case analysis as digging deeper and deeper into the layers of a case. 1. You start at the surface, Getting Oriented and examining the overall case landscape. 2. Then you begin to dig, Identifying Problems, as well as possible alternative solutions. 3. Digging deeper, Performing Analyses you identify information that exposes the issues, gather data, perform calculations that might provide insight. 4. Finally, you begin Action Planning to outline short-, medium-, and long-term well-defined steps. Typically, you’ll need to repeat this process multiple times, and as you do, you'll discover new analytical directions, evolving your assessment of the case and conclusion. a. Case Analysis Overview Analyzing a case is not just about digging. It’s also about climbing back out to examine what you’ve unearthed, deciding what it means, determining what to analyze next, and digging some more. Often your examination of information about a problem will change your idea of what the real problem is and about what to analyze next. The process is similar to when a detective investigating a crime shifts his or her opinion about the most likely suspect as more clues come to light. Gather your materials and tools. These include the case and any other related materials to supplement your reading. Be prepared to take notes in the margins and to highlight important numbers or passages....
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...Steps to Writing a Grant Proposal Kimberly Parker HSM 270 February 24, 2013 Dr. Starks-Walker Steps to Writing a Grant Proposal There are steps one must take to obtain grant funding from a funding source, to do this there must be a grant available. There is an application called a request for an application, this application outlines the requirement’s the agency will review, it contains due dates, eligibility requirements and types of funding available. To do this one must follow specific guidelines when writing a grant proposal, depending on the agency. A grant proposal consists of the following: * Abstract 45 single spaced lines or one page is recommended * Table of contents * Specific aims/background and significance/needs and problem statement * Target populations * Approaches and methods * Long and short term goals * Process, outcome, and impact objectives * Activity plans and scheduling (timeline) * Evaluation plan * Agency capacity and project management * Budget and budget justifications (Yuen, 2003) 1. An abstract is the most important of the grant proposal. It is the form that summarizes (preferably a very strong summary) this will be the most read and most important part of the proposal and may be the deciding factor on where your application ranks. The abstract must contain: Name of agency Type of organization Purpose and objectives of the project Specific interventions for the project Target population:...
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...expert at analyzing business cases. You'll learn how to identify and define the business concepts raised by a case, as well as to develop analysis-based solutions, recommendations, and action plans. These skills will prepare you for class discussions and exams. You will have access to a complete real case, called Komatsu Ltd. and Project G., so that you can apply what you learn to a concrete example. You will also get other helpful resources, such as a Case Analysis Worksheet and samples of classdiscussion notes on the Komatsu case that were prepared by real students like you. In addition, smaller excerpts from other real cases are used to illustrate some of the steps in case analysis. 1 Introduction to Case Analysis Types of Cases The "case method" is an approach to learning that encourages students to extract useful lessons from the experiences of others ("cases"). Students study accounts of specific events in order to discover general principles that they can apply in other situations. Cases tend to fall into one of three categories that sometimes overlap: • • • Decision Cases describe a decision faced by the case protagonist. The student ultimately must choose among a finite set of distinct decision alternatives. Problem Cases require a student to diagnose a problem in a business case and to formulate possible solutions. Evaluation Cases illustrate a business success or failure. The student analyzes the underlying reasons for that success or failure to arrive at management...
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...ASSIGNMENT 2 16/04/2012 What is e-commerce? The key components to establishing and providing a successful e-commerce solution within an e-business environment. CONTENTS CHAPTER | PAGE | Introduction & Aims/Objectives of assignment. | 3 | 1. What is e-commerce? | 5 | 2. E-environment | 6 | 3. Establishing an e-business. How to support an e-business? | 9 | 4. E-business systems: infrastructure of hardware and software | 14 | 5. E-Logistics: Supply Chain & Procurement | 17 | 6. E-Security: Protecting and e-business & its infrastructure | 19 | 7. E-Marketing: How to push your e-commerce business using marketing tools online. | 21 | 8. E-CRM: Managing customer relations online | 24 | 9. The future of e-business | 29 | Conclusion | 31 | Bibliography | 34 | Introduction: Through this assignment I will be discussing the use of e-commerce in modern retailing. This essay aims to explore: What e-commerce is, the infrastructure needed to establish an e-business and the wider impact of e-commerce on the traditional business and retail environment. These aims will outline the main effects of e-commerce on a business. These will be achieved through: * Outlining the origins of e-business * Assessing the external impact of e-commerce on the environment & traditional retailing. * Examining the implementation and sustainability of an e-commerce business: Systems, Structures & Costs. * The...
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...Preventing Crime Crime Prevention and safety is always an issue when it comes to a community. It’s something that individual learn from observing others, reading, and learning from mistakes of others are some of the reasons we post and talk about near misses and direct hits that each of use have encountered (Safety Toolbox Talks, n.d). There are several ways to plan for crime prevention, but the best way is by the community being the eyes and ears of law enforcement. Crime prevention uses many different programs and strategies to foresee, distinguish, consider and tackle misdeeds and the variables which play a role in crime (Bureau of Justice Assistance, (n.d.). There are different target levels of crime prevention including families, communities, individuals, and certain locations. Individual level of crime prevention usually deals with preventing persons from ever committing crimes. It’s more as an avoidance tactic. Community crime prevention usually deals with changes in how a community functions and what they are doing to prevent crime. In order to maintain public safety and low-crime rates, Detroit is eager to get the community involved through community-based programs. Neighborhood Watches are the best way to prevent crime. A neighborhood watch program creates a renowned system of communication connecting law enforcement and neighborhoods concerning crime related predicaments (The City of Detroit, n.d.). Over the last several decades, the neighborhood watch has...
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...traditionally been difficult to process and analyze this information using standard database management systems such as SQL. The commoditization of computer technology has created a new paradigm in which data can be analyzed more efficiently and effectively than ever before. This report analyzes the some of the most important changes that are currently taking place within this new paradigm. The first part of this report covers trends in database analysis by analyzing the field of data mining. The report covers the topic of data mining by providing an explanation of it, and then by providing examples of real-world examples of data mining technology. Benefits and challenges of data mining are then provided. The second part of the report outlines an even more recent trend in data science, which is the increasing usage of noSQL databases to analyze “big data,” also referred to web-scale datasets. The most recent and major technological developments in the industry are then provided and described. Data Mining Background & Definition Data mining involves the process of discovering and extracting new knowledge from the analysis of large data sets. This is most often done through the use of data mining software, which identifies correlations between different variables in a given data set. Data mining is primarily used to analyze data stored in relational databases, which consists of tables joined together by key variables in each.1 For nearly thirty years, relational database...
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...CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Certificate of Secondary Level Competence® SOCIAL STUDIES SYLLABUS Effective for examinations from May–June 2014 CXC CCSLC/SS/05/12 Published in Jamaica, 2012 by Ian Randle Publishers 11 Cunningham Avenue P O Box 686 Kingston 6 www.ianrandlepublishers.com © 2012, Caribbean Examinations Council ISBN ---------------------------------------- (pbk) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the author or publisher. Cover and book design by Ian Randle Publishers Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica Telephone Number: +1 (876) 630-5200 Facsimile Number: +1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2012 by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St Michael BB14038, Barbados CXC CCSLC/SS/05/12 This document CXC CCSLC/SS/05/12 replaces CXC CCSLC/SS/05/2006 issued in 2006. Please note that the syllabus has been revised and amendments are indicated by italics. First issued 2006 Revised 2012 Please check the website www.cxc.org for updates on CXC’s syllabuses. CXC CCSLC/SS/05/12 Contents INTRODUCTION .......................................................
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...Outline and critically assess the key assumptions underpinning approaches to crime prevention.Outline and critically assess the key assumptions underpinning approaches to crime prevention. If we look at the definition of crime, we can learn that crime is “an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law”.Crime could be labelled as one of the most disturbing facts in human`s life. Even if we can see the decrease in overall crime in 2012, we cannot be absolutely sure that it will completely disappear. Many criminologists are interested in crime prevention topic but when people are actually trying to do something with the aim to reduce crime itself, they could struggle with some issues. For example, do we actually know the cause of crime? Are we able to prevent it without a cause? How can we measure it, if it was prevented? The crucial point criminologists are making is that we have got not just crime itself but the fear of crime among society. The fear of crime was introduced to English society by the Conservative party in order to win the election. They use it as a tool, with a purpose to manipulate people. That time could be named as a starting point to massive development of programmes in order to prevent crime and if we talk about citizens - to protect themselves. For example, Farell and Pease discovered that not just the area is important as a victimisation element but that people, who have been victimised once, are more likely to experience it...
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...defining lines of vulnerability are much blurrier than I suspected. Throughout the semester, I began to actively reflect on the different ways people could be considered vulnerable: children, parents, the mentally ill, the poor and minorities of our population; they are all vulnerable groups for specialized reasons. I realized that since vulnerability comes on such a broad spectrum with numerous possibilities for unethical outcomes, IRBs and health-care providers are up to a great challenge in determining what additional protections should be offered to whom and how. It has been my evolving opinion throughout the semester that nearly everyone is considered vulnerable in one way or another, but that a new special rubric should be considered to assess what protections should be provided in special, and more individualized, circumstances. A definition of vulnerability that resonated with me throughout the semester was that it entailed someone who can be taken advantage of, both emotionally and physically. Particularly in the field of research, certain divisions of people were more likely than others to be treated unethically. This theme recurred throughout the semester in a many number of topics not limited to the week titled “Vulnerability”. When we covered gender, for example, I had a strong feeling that what had happened to Joan/John was a result of leverage on Dr. Money’s behalf over Joan/John’s vulnerable parents. I kept questioning how something like this could happen in a modern...
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...Fall 2011 | CJC 111 IC1 Intro to Criminal Justice | Credit Hours: 3 | Contact Hours: 3 | Pre-requisites: None | Co-requisites: None | Class Meeting Day(s): Online | Class Meeting Time(s): Online | Instructor Name: Ryan Cox | Email Address: coxr@roanokechowan.edu | Telephone Number: 862-1231 | Office Location: SSC 211 | | Office Hours: MWF 11:55-12:55 TTh 9:00-10:00 | College Mission: Roanoke-Chowan Community College is a comprehensive two-year public institution located in Northeastern North Carolina where it serves a diverse student population and seeks to be student centered and committed to an open-door admissions policy. The college strives to serve the needs of individuals; its communities, business and industry; and other organizations by providing opportunities for life-long learning through quality educational programs and training that is relevant; economical; convenient; and life altering. Many of our constituents are beset with challenges that act as barriers to even modest success; therefore, we see it as part of our mission to act as a catalyst in the creation of educational opportunities and training that can maximize individual and group potential within our service area. The College seeks to do this through contributing substantially to the educational goals of our students and by meeting the training needs of new and expanding industries within our service area. The College also recognizes that even though our service...
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...Portfolio Paper: Business Ethics Business Ethics Introduction Business ethics plays an important role in operation of any organization. It may incorporate the useful application of the ethical conduct in an enterprise setting. Moral actions include not only the ethical compliance through the strict observations of rules and regulations but also setting aside selfish interests and allowing every individual in the workplace to achieve their self-actualization goals. Any ethical organization should foster the existence and practicality of moral behavior within the organizational environment. The association ought also to define certain baseline criteria for measuring the extent of moral behavior and the impact it has on the organization. An ethical-guided organization treats its employees with modesty and fairness. This portfolio paper will focus on the practices that are incorporated by the Philip Morris International (PMI) Company and its efforts to integrate business ethics into the workplace. A lot of companies and corporations have achieved strategic power that is evidenced by economic expansion and the complete access to strategic materials (Forst and Orris, 2002). Other companies have managed attaining the reach of worldwide markets. Most of the large and complex corporations yield mega profits that exceed the economic budgets of many countries, especially developing countries. Such increase in economic power tends to...
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...The Emerald Research Register for this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/researchregister The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0268-6902.htm Anatomy of computer accounting frauds A. Seetharaman, M. Senthilvelmurugan and Rajan Periyanayagam Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Malaysia Keywords Fraud, Corruption, Financial reporting, Whistleblowing, Internal control, Corporate governance Abstract This paper introduces fraud as asset misappropriations (85 per cent of cases), corruption and fraudulent statements. Symptoms include accounting anomalies, lack of internal control environment, lifestyle and behaviour. The most effective tools for fraud detection are internal audit review, specific investigation by management, and whistle-blowing. The paper details the fraud investigation process and the role of auditors as fraud examiners. The correlation of fraud perpetrators’ personality with the size of losses is examined. Personality is analysed into age, gender, position, educational background and collusion. A strong system of internal control is most effective in fraud prevention. Fraud prevention procedures, targeted goals and improvements to system weaknesses feature in the paper. Fraud impacts on accounting transactions in accounts receivable, receipts and disbursements, accounts payable, inventories and fixed assets, and financial reporting. The monetary impact resulting from fraud is analysed...
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