...roles in society and apply social, environmental, ethical, and responsible standards to their businesses (Lichtenstein, Drumwright, and Braig, 2004; Lindgreen, Swaen, and Johnston, 2009). Beyond the moral arguments and value-based debates that characterize the complex landscapes of CSR-related concepts and ideas (Garriga and Melé, 2004), corporate commitment to socially responsible management practices is associated with a conviction that the failure to meet basic social rules or expectations pertaining to the way organizations should behave can result in perceptions of those organizations as illegitimate (Campbell, 2007; Sethi, 1975). Increased engagement in CSR-related policies and initiatives, and the associated communicative efforts, therefore provide a way for organizations to circumvent situations and practices that might be perceived as unethical or unsustainable and “alienate the organization from the rest of society, resulting in reduced reputation, increased costs, and decreasing shareholder value through erosion of its license to operate” (Hill, 2001: 32). In such a context, this call for papers raises the question: How is it possible for organizations in “controversial industry sectors,” which often are marked by social taboos, moral debates, and political pressures, to maintain reasonable socially responsible standards? For industry sectors...
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...being done? What causes accountants to commit this action? When can companies detect accounting fraud? Keywords: Fraud, Detect, Prevention, Accounting, Fraudulent, Mind, Psychology, Crime Introduction Worries about fraud have been of down to earth noteworthiness for whatever length of time that composed records have been kept, and for sure may be a noteworthy purpose behind the advancement of composing and record keeping. A great part of the extortion writing begins with a recitation of scandalous bookkeeping and corporate outrages and cheats, and these regularly energize open intrigue and concern. Worry with misrepresentation and cubicle wrongdoing influences open trust in organizations as differing as securities exchanges, examiners, financiers, corporate administrators and government. Different corporate, social and political outrages, extortion and debasement in government and the deceitful practices in legislative issues, money related foundations, companies, NGOs and religious establishments affect the authenticity of such organizations. It likewise affects how financial, political and social life is...
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...attracted a great deal of attention from financial economists. Indeed, the increase in academic papers on the subject of CEO compensation during the 1990s seems to have outpaced even the remarkable increase in CEO pay itself during this period (Murphy, 1999). Much research has focused on how executive compensation schemes can help alleviate the agency problem in publicly traded companies. To understand adequately the landscape of executive compensation, however, one must recognize that the design of compensation arrangements is also partly a product of this same agency problem. Alternative Approaches to Executive Compensation Our focus in this paper is on publicly traded companies without a controlling shareholder. When ownership and management are separated in this way, managers might have substantial power. This recognition goes back, of course, to Berle and Means (1932, p. 139) who observed that top corporate executives, “while in office, have almost complete discretion in management.” Since Jensen and Meckling (1976), the problem of managerial power and discretion has been analyzed in modern finance as an “agency problem.” Managers may use their discretion to benefit themselves personally in a variety y Lucian Arye Bebchuk is the William J. Friedman Professor of Law, Economics and Finance, Harvard Law School, and Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Jesse M. Fried is a Professor of Law at Boalt Hall School...
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...CALL FOR PAPERS Special issue on “Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in controversial industry sectors” The deadline for submission is December 1, 2011. Guest editors: Adam Lindgreen (Cardiff Business School), Martin Hingley (Harper Adams University College), and Jon Reast (Hull Business School) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained unprecedented prominence in academic and business spheres alike (Kotler and Lee, 2005; McWilliams, Siegel, and Wright, 2006); more than ever before, it is necessary for organizations to define their roles in society and apply social, environmental, ethical, and responsible standards to their businesses (Lichtenstein, Drumwright, and Braig, 2004; Lindgreen, Swaen, and Johnston, 2009). Beyond the moral arguments and value-based debates that characterize the complex landscapes of CSR-related concepts and ideas (Garriga and Melé, 2004), corporate commitment to socially responsible management practices is associated with a conviction that the failure to meet basic social rules or expectations pertaining to the way organizations should behave can result in perceptions of those organizations as illegitimate (Campbell, 2007; Sethi, 1975). Increased engagement in CSR-related policies and initiatives, and the associated communicative efforts, therefore provide a way for organizations to circumvent situations and practices that might be perceived as unethical or unsustainable and “alienate the organization from the rest of society, resulting...
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...Student Name Instructor Course 7th October 2015 Net Neutrality The purpose of this research paper is to discuss how net-neutrality regulations will hinder competition and innovative growth. The research paper starts with an introduction of net neutrality then proceeds to the main argument of the topic. The paper will examine how net neutrality regulations have posed threats to internet use while reviewing some the work done different scholars. At the end of this part, an argument will be presented to show how threat to internet use will hinder competition and innovation growth. To strengthen the argument and stand of this paper, the paper will also examine the importance of net neutrality in businesses and communities which are core for development and show how this regulations will hinder innovation and competition to businesses and communities due to lack of information. The paper shall close with a conclusion part that will sum up the ideas discussed in the paper and bring to light how net neutrality will hinder competition and innovation. A research done by Bauer, Johannes, and Woohyun on "Regulation and innovation in Telecommunications" revealed that more than any other innovation or invention of our time, the Internet has opened potential outcomes we could barely imagine of a generation ago (Bauer 9). The research provided major reasons we have seen such extraordinary development and advancement as most Internet providers have treated Internet traffic in an equal manner...
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...the ability to unfavorably influence the conduct. Subsequently, the breakdown of moral outrages has risen discharged in the United States of America and Europe. Business, which obviously shows the need and significance of business morals have significant lessons from the breakdown. PharmaCARE which is a pharmaceutical company that has introduce the product AD23 which is a top selling diabetic drug. AD23 also aimed at slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. John who was a former pharmacist that helped in the research of AD23 has made some concern after the death of his wife from taking AD23 with some other reported case of 200 cardiac death. This paper seeks to analysis some ethical issues related to PharmaCARE introduction of AD23, intellectual property, John protection as a whistleblower and the operation of CompCARE. Ethical issues These days, marketing morals, a moral issue thinks of offers-related studies and affectability in the group. This part of the business from a societal viewpoint ought to demand the significance of moral practices. As an aftereffect of advertising exercises by the group because of the high impression, regularly concoct moral issues in the publicizing, individual offering, statistical surveying and universal showcasing issues are seen to be accessible to dishonest conduct. Particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, different outrages in the universal coliseum, huge scale debasement in the motivation for the global promoting...
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...simply because it’s a rainy day. No matter what the circumstance, as humans we are driven by our undeniable and sometimes uncontainable emotions. So how do we really deal with all of the emotions and stresses that life may throw our way? How do our emotions affect our jobs? How do others expect us to handle our emotions? In order to answer these questions, we must first address what emotions and stress really are. This paper will focus in particular on how much our careers are affected by our personal emotions, the emotions and stresses of others, consequences of not properly dealing with emotions and stress, and possible suggestions for dealing with these issues. Organizations are emotional places. Emotions do not just effect organizations, but they also contribute to their structure. In fact, a great deal of leadership is actually about emotion management. Organizations and businesses use emotions to motivate employees to perform and to motivate consumers to buy. Various events in organizations create emotions and affect an employee's sense of satisfaction or outrage. Our sense of organizational identity is connected to how we feel. Rules about the display of emotions act as organizing forces within organizations and are used to create organizational structure and shape behavior. Emotions are also essential to inspirational leadership. However, emotions can harm employees, affect how they...
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...Challenges Facing Maritime Education and Research in a Changing Environment: Implications for ITMMA Author(s): T. Notteboom and Van Laeken, F. This chapter has been included in the book: Ports are more than piers, Antwerp: De Lloyd This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that, in a modified form, has been accepted for publication or has already been published. For the convenience of the visitors of this site, an early version of the manuscript is provided. All legal disclaimers that apply to the book pertain. Please site this article as: Notteboom, T. and Van Laeken, F., (2006). Challenges facing maritime education and research in a changing environment: Implications for ITMMA. In: Notteboom, T. (Ed.), Ports are more than piers. pp. 275-286. Liber Amicorum Willy Winkelmans, Antwerp: De Lloyd. This article was uploaded to www.porteconomics.eu On: 19/01/2010 Porteconomics.eu is a non-profit, web-based initiative aiming to advance knowledge exchange on seaport studies. Developed by researchers affiliated to various academic institutions throughout Europe, it provides freely accessible research, education and network-building material on critical issues of port economics, management and policies. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR MANUSCRIPT Notteboom, Van Laeken – Maritime education and research Challenges facing maritime education and research in a changing environment:...
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...In the Pursuit of Happiness RaMonica L. Whitfield Kaplan University In the Pursuit of Happiness All citizens have the unalienable right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, but what happens when a citizen commits a heinous act such as murder? Should the pursuit of their happiness be granted even though they took the life of another? Are we as a society to take their feelings into consideration and grant them the right to live their life as they wish? A major issue within the United States is the healthcare programs for inmates. One of the largest disputes when it comes to medical treatments/surgeries within the penal system is the sexual reassignment of inmates with gender dysphoria. It is reported that as of 2007 there are 750 inmates that are requesting gender reassignment surgeries (Brotheim, 2013). If polled today, some would say that a gender reassignment surgery at the tax payer’s expense is a frivolous waste of money. Some might even become infuriated at the thought of a non-law abiding citizen, one that has been deemed by society as someone who should be removed from the general public, most definitely does not deserve to receive this surgery. The states should not be liable to conduct gender reassignment surgeries for inmates with gender dysphoria, because of cost, the uncertainty that of the curability of this disorder, safety of the incarcerated offender and the moral dilemma of punishment versus privilege. Gender Dysphoria-...
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...The article “Gender, Pay and Work Satisfaction at a UK University” by Maria Smith is an exhaustive quantitative study of a particular state employer. The paper analyzes the facts and figures on salary and examines results from a staff satisfaction survey held at a UK University (University A) and discusses the ‘paradox of the contended female worker’. This paradox states that although women earn less than men, their satisfaction with the payment seems to be higher than in the men’s case – despite of disadvantages such as job security and content, promotion opportunities and sexual harassment (Crosby, 1982). Also, the author explains that these gaps vary from institution to institution. The purpose of the article is to contribute to the small amount of the existing job satisfaction research for men and women working at higher education institutions. The study described in the paper focuses on the satisfaction levels of two groups of University A staff – the administrative and academic teaching staff. Despite all efforts in the past, gender pay gap has persisted to the present time and takes place even at higher education institutions in the UK, where a clear agenda on pay equality, as negotiated by various organizations and unions, should exist (Smith, 2008, p. 622). Still, studies show the existence of pay gaps between genders and conclude that women have less promotion opportunities and a lower chance to earn as much as their equally ranked male colleagues (Blackaby et al...
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...Allegations of the use of excessive force by U.S. police departments continue to generate headlines more than two decades after the 1992 Los Angeles riots brought the issue to mass public attention and spurred some law enforcement reforms. On Staten Island, N.Y., the July 2014 death of Eric Garner because of the apparent use of a “chokehold” by an officer sparked outrage. A month later in Ferguson, Mo., the fatal shooting of teenager Michael Brown by officer Darren Wilson ignited protests, and a grand jury’s decision not to indict Wilson triggered further unrest. In November, Tamir Rice was shot by police in Cleveland, Ohio. He was 12 years old and playing with a toy pistol. On April 4, 2015, Walter L. Scott was shot by a police officer after a routine traffic stop in North Charleston, S.C. The same month, Freddie Gray died while in police custody in Baltimore, setting off widespread unrest. The policeman in the South Carolina case, Michael T. Slager, was charged with murder based on a cellphone video. In Baltimore, the driver of the police van in which Gray died, Caesar Goodson, was charged with second-degree murder, with lesser charges for five other officers. There have been no indictments in the earlier cases. These follow other recent incidents and controversies, including an April 2014 finding by the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), following a two-year investigation, that the Albuquerque, N.M., police department “engages in a pattern or practice of use of excessive...
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...The purpose of this research paper is to provide a discussion on the advantages and the disadvantages of euthanasia derived from several different scientific resources to argue whether mercy killing under some conditional circumstances should be legalized or not in Ireland, based on other countries’...
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...Implementing a Supply Chain Management System Table of Contents Introduction 2 Subject of course project 3 Business problem statement 4 Name of the company 4 Brief description of proposed solution 5 Implementing cloud-based supply chain management system 5 Benefits of Cloud-Based supply chain management 7 Gaps in implementation of Cloud-based supply chain management 9 Audience 11 Conclusion 11 References 13 Introduction Supply chain management involves the overall management of storage and movement of goods and services. In the process, various networks, channels, and business are interconnected for successful of the products and services. Supply chain management incorporates the design, control, and monitoring activities with the aim of creating net value, synchronizing supply chain and measuring operations globally. Supply chain management entirely covers the areas of operation management, information technology, and logistics. Manufacturing and production companies, for instance, cannot achieve any significant success without incorporating an effective supply chain system due to the prevailing competition in the requires that requires them to deliver their products to the consumers at the right time (Mentzer et al., 2001). In order to meet the challenging market dynamics and the changing consumer needs, there is a need for various companies to implement both inbound and outbound process in their supply chain management system. The inbound system...
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...plague-like disease, and the official inquiry cited uncollected solid waste of which plastics are of greater percentage blocking drains. The disease caused panic country-wide and while the citizens blame the municipality, the public authorities in turn blamed the citizens for their lack of civic sense. Such a phenomenon of blame games when it comes to waste management and whose responsibility is it occurs in most major cities in the developing world, and Accra, Ghana is no exception. Solid waste management is a herculean task and can easily become a crisis if it is ignored. A solid waste crisis can...
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...BARRIERS CONFRONTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA BY YEOSUF .A. ABDULRASAQ BEING A SEMINAL PAPER PRESENTED AT 3RD ANNUAL NATIONAL BUSINESS CONFERENCE OF SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIES, FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, NASARAWA. NASARAWA STATE BETWEEN 21ST AND 23RD APRIL, 2010. ABSTRACT This paper identified the barriers confronting the growth and development of SMIs in Nigeria. An analysis of 150 SMIs, using chi-square technique and percentages, indicates that formal barriers and informal barriers form the most significant barriers for SMI businesses. The environmental barriers were secondary in significance. The government should provided enabling environment for the SMI to grow and develop such as good road, electricity supply, good provision of funds at low interest rate, Reduction in tax and finally, the SMI. Operators should form a support networks among themselves, in term of needs. INTRODUCTION Small and medium Industries (SMIs) have been widely acknowledge as a major divers of economic growth. In most of the developed country, SMIs accounted for 90% of all business enterprises. In china, SMIs are said to be responsible for about 60 percent of the industrial output and employed about 75 percent of the workforce in the urban centres. In spite of all the efforts and support of the succeeding administrations and governments to the developments of SMIs in Nigeria, the SMIs have not played the expected...
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