Free Essay

Overcoming the Internal Limits We Impose on Ourselves

In:

Submitted By rexing
Words 2127
Pages 9
There is a dungeon we are in – a dark prison with no physical walls to keep us in, no guard to watch us day and night. And yet, we are serving our time in solitary confinement in there this prison…

Each one of us has particular aims, and as we move forward in life, our ambitions change, and we set ourselves certain goals. But more often than we realize, we restrict the goals we set for ourselves. We suffer from self-doubt, and our insecurities of which we are not even aware instill inhibitions that spread roots and branches in our minds. The result? Self-imposed internal limits – on ourselves, our goals, ambitions, potential, imagination. We lose faith in ourselves, and at times, we don’t even realize it.

At times, our inability to take risks and go beyond the defined boundary becomes so internalized that we do not even realize how we clip our own wings. Like a reflex action, our instantaneous response to any challenge is to evade the situation altogether, because it is too risky. It is almost as if in our own little world, the word ‘risky’ is synonymous to ‘bad’. Our inability to do something new and tough becomes an absolute truth for us. We even lose the capability to think it through, measure the pros and cons, and then arrive upon a decision like an intelligent being with a fully functioning cognition.

As a result of living in fear for too long, we manage to condition ourselves to play safe, without evaluating the reason behind reaching this negative conclusion. And even though we may not realize it, this state of mind is extremely dangerous. Not only is progress hindered in this way, but we are also not aware if this. And, as a result, our low self-esteem becomes chronic. Internal limits, like barbed wire, keep ups restricted, except these are invisible, and we fail to even recognize that we are doing something pernicious to ourselves.

What follows is slow, dull and very damaging. We develop anxiety, and then phobias. They affect the choices we make in life, our actions and habits and even our destinies. The all-encompassing fear of life prevents us from living. Thus, we have to struggle, even to get our everyday tasks done. We sink deeper and deeper into a suffocating darkness. Some reel under the pressure and give in to depression. Others wedge a daily war. But, everyone who sets internal limits to his/her goals essentially buries his/her best qualities, and jeopardizes his/her innate talents.

It all begins with the fear of failure. If you want something too bad, the fear of failing to achieve it, and being hurt and rejected is something that can be scary. This primarily happens as a result of setting a goal and considering it the highest achievement. When you assign a high level of importance to something, gaining it becomes so big that a failure at doing so might not leave your life with any meaning at all. Intensity of fear to fail is proportional to to the importance placed on the goal at hand. Moreover, the uncertainty of a situation makes you more nervous.

“We are more often frightened than hurt; and we suffer more from imagination than from reality,” said Lucius Annaeus Seneca. Yes, many of us are prevented from accomplishing our dreams because we remain tethered by these imaginary obstacles and unjustified fears. We are petrified at the thought of making a gamble because we have a pre-conceived perception about the possible peril, and how we might fare in the face of it. It is crippling to think that you might fall face down, with the rest of the selfish world stamping all over you. It is even more paralyzing to think that you may never find the strength to stand up on your feet again.

But, should you stop walking altogether, then? No. You need to uproot the tendency to set the bar low in fear of not reaching any place higher. You have to identify your fear, and understand the root cause of it. That way, it will be easier to conquer it. What are your fears? Is it the evaluation you will get from others? Or, yourself, perhaps? It is about appearing too ambitious, and hence being ridiculed? Or, is it something even scarier, like failing to pay the bills and pay off loans, getting fired and losing the hard-earned status or title, getting dumped, being cheated, being ill-advised, being left to deal with life alone, losing a loved one, being hurt, being forced to start over, being lonely with nothing to do and no one to love?

It is the fear of being patronized that stops us from trying acting upon our ideas. It is the fear of starting something new that keeps us tied to our old routine. It is the fear of being alone that keeps us stuck in a dysfunctional relationship. Instead of following your heart and finding your true purpose, and reaching out to that person who can hold your hand along your journey to answer your true calling, you settle for what you don’t enjoy, for the one you don’t connect with. And to overcome our imaginary incapability, and the consequent lack of faith, you fall prey to rumours, or immersing yourself in what you’re not gaining anything from.

Once you place a finger on your fears, it becomes easier to find the common causes that are at the foundation of your fears. It could be anything from the standards set by the society or the expectations of family and friends, to poverty, physical disability, gender, sexuality, background or social status; from previous failure, rejection, or betrayal, and the reaction of the others along with the feelings of pain and shock, to lack of formal training leading to inferiority complex. It could be external, like being scarred by witnessing the failure of another. It could be because of the obvious uncertainty of any situation, and the possibility of wrong presumption of its importance or unimportance, followed by misplaced focus.

Reasons could be varied, and you have to figure it out. Once you find the common base fears, it will be much easier to work on them, as there will probably be a smaller number of issues to work on. This will help you to know yourself better, and realize that your feeling of inadequacy is perhaps baseless. And once you chance upon the realization that you are afflicted with self-abnegation, it will be easier to eliminate this acclimatization to channel your focus to tenure more than talent, to longevity more than love.

Now, the question that arises is, do we forego our personal boundaries all together to shed off the inhibitions? The answer is, you have to differentiate between healthy boundaries that keep you in a position of safety and dignity, and self-enforced boundaries that limit your ability and imagination. The important thing to understand here is whether your boundaries are derived from fear and dependence on others to tell you what to do, rather than from respect and love – be it for yourself, your work or for someone else.

Your refusal to break laws, bend rules, let unknown people come too close emotionally or physically, or do things that might leave you dead, injured r ruined is not bad, or simply things that seem neither enjoyable nor enriching are all healthy psychological boundaries. But, it is time to re-evaluate your course of actions, if you are motivated by the unconscious necessity to maintain “peace” to avoid confrontation. This could even result in developing a fear for the freedom to take charge and make your own decisions.

It is you who has to sort your priorities, recognize and set your own definitions of ruin, rules and laws, intimacy, comfort zone, as well as recognize the logic behind these. However, be careful about overthinking and concentrating only on the statistics of failure, because the more you look at the negative side, the more insurmountable your obstacle seemingly becomes. One of the most helpful things to do in this kind of situation is to be around positive-minded people: some people spread negativity and fear, rooting from their own lack of abilities to succeed. Their vide of stress and struggle will make you agitated.

Setting your priorities straight includes realizing that you’re perhaps making something so important that your fear of failing at that is even bigger than death to you. You have to ask yourself: is it worth your obsession and attention? How important is the opinion of the ‘others’ whom you are so scared to disappoint? How will their reactions affect your life? How will your achievement or failure affect their lives and their efforts to help you? Think about the pain you are so scared to face: it will perhaps eventually pass, however strong. Or perhaps, you will not fail at all! You will never know until you overcome the harmful belief that you are worthless.

Sometimes, we let a trivial challenge, a small hindrance, or a minor setback get in the way of our goal. Subconsciously, we simply decide that it is easier to give up, and use these as an excuse to justify our failure, or rationalize why we are not whole-heartedly pursuing something – to the world and to ourselves. Isn’t it easier to let a difficulty overcome you, than the other way round? So, are you sabotaging your own life’s goals and happiness to play the victim card? Or, it could be much more profound than that. It is you who has to figure it out. Not everyone is cut out to be a part of cut-throat competition, and that is nothing to be ashamed of.

You do not have to do it alone. Often, a little extra help is needed. A shoe to symbolize your passion, a book as a reminder, the kind words of a loved one, the help of a professional… This article… But first, you have to first acknowledge that you are in need of help. Being too proud to ask will do you no good. It will perhaps boost your ego, with the prospect of telling the world someday that you battled your fears alone and emerged alone. But, this romanticism might not get you anywhere. Be vigilant about your course of actions and decisions, about whether you are deliberately choosing to pay the price of not achieving your goals, in pursuit of the glory of a lone warrior, or a martyr.

There is a lot in store for each one of us. To reach your pot of gold, you have to follow the rainbow. Give your ideas a chance. Choose challenges that directly address your fears. As you prepare to face them, it helps in personal growth and liberates you from all that restricts you, to be more confident. Try to think of what you will do in the face of a scenario that you are afraid to face. This is not to plan out every single possible situation in your head, of course, but just an exercise to make you habituated to the idea that you are prepared, that you have a scheme to fall back on, a strategy to guide you.

Accept that you might need to change the course of life. Knowledge and acceptance of what’s keeping you in the dark abyss will help you find the light. The thought of change persuades some people to not delve deep in their minds and see what is wrong. Thus, by not seeking what’s hidden in the darkness, people stay in the dark. It is natural to feel jittery, but don’t let it unnerve you. Instead, let the warm, fuzzy feeling spread within you. Let the butterflies flutter in your stomach. Feel the excitement.

Set a purpose, and place your vision upon that. Do not let anything else distract you. Remember that your goals and ambitions are unique to you. So, before you restrict yourself with internal limits, before you compare yourself to anyone and build yourself unnecessary competition, remember that you have your own set of skills and interests, which sets you apart from the others. No one else can live your life, or achieve what you can. No one else has the same purpose of life as you do. So get out there, discover yourself and set yourself free. You do not want to live your life below your potential, because one day, when you look back, It will be better to be satisfied and happy about having lived, having pursued your heart’s desires, than regretting about not even giving it a try.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Industrial Relation

...PAD 6436 lecture nine University of North Florida Master of Public Administration program PAD 6436 Ethics Administrative responsibility Responsible administrator of the week Photo credit David Shoar? Lecture goals: Cooper‟s chapter four is structured around the concept of administrative responsibility. As his opening sentence indicates: responsibility is part (but an important part!) of the broader concept of “an ethic for the administrative role” (2004, p. 80). As he also makes clear, it is not easy to be an ethical, responsible administrator, especially when one gets past the „expressive level‟ (pp. 19-20) of ethical reflection (which he presents as the level of emotive outbursts); and when one gets past the „level of moral rules‟ (pp. 20-22), which he presents as the level of cheesy rules of thumb. After this level (in this sort of Super Mario Does Ethical Reflection video game), one enters the Level of Ethical Analysis (pp. 22-6). This lecture looks at a number of complimentary approaches to this ethical analysis. Schafer’s accountability, responsibility, and absolute liability Schafer opens by characterizing responsibility as “a slippery and ambiguous concept, and accountability is scarcely less so” (1999, p. 5). Kernaghan illustrates this, too, in opening with: Political executives are held responsible for personal wrongdoing. They are not, however, expected to assume personal responsibility by way of resignation for the acts of administrative subordinates about which...

Words: 3289 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Yasuni Itt

...This article is a copy of the one published in New Society Magazine No.237, January-February 2012, ISSN 0251-3552, www.nuso.org A major transition for a great transformation Reflections from the Yasuní-ITT Initiative René Ramírez Gallegos1 When discussing the development of a political project from the Left there are two opposing positions or aspects: those which promote the idea of better managing and regulating capitalism – that is, striving for “good capitalism” – and those who hold anticapitalist positions. The author of this article argues that a Left that does not give up on the generation of alternatives to capitalism but at the same time is responsible for governing, should think about a “great transition” without losing sight of the horizon of a “great transformation”. This article analyzes the Yasuní-ITT Initiative and presents it as an example of how to merge concrete and innovative proposals (transition) and utopias which go beyond capitalist development (transformation). Key words: Left, Capitalism, Good Living/Sumak Kawsay, Yasuní-ITT The world does not need alternatives for development, but alternatives to development. The world does not need to “better” use capitalism, but to transform it. That is the great historical challenge that the Left should take on, both intellectually and politically. The concept of “development” has been recycled and reborn again and again for all its critics and detractors. However, in a strict sense it has never been questioned...

Words: 7238 - Pages: 29

Premium Essay

Diversity

...Organizational development and fundraising professionals, as well as board volunteers, have the opportunity to cross boundaries that divide people in other sectors. Whether we view this opportunity with apprehension or enthusiasm depends on our heritage, experiences, beliefs, and vision. Historically, nonprofit boards have offered limited opportunities to develop diverse leadership. 4 Beyond representation: Building diverse board leadership teams Maria Gitin OVER THE YEARS , dialogue on board diversification has evolved from focus on the importance of representing constituents, to “doing the right thing,” which is characterized by opponents as “political correctness,” to the current widely held view that a nondiverse board is missing key potential donors and opinion leaders. Diverse leaders can expand knowledge, create new resources, and open doors to partnerships necessary to fulfill an organization’s mission. Recommended strategies for board diversification must be understood in the context of the deeply divided society of the United States. Although North American cultural issues are the result of a unique history, most elements of diversity planning will apply in other countries as well. By the year 2015 the nonwhite portion of the U.S. population is expected to increase to 30 percent NEW DIRECTIONS FOR PHILANTHROPIC FUNDRAISING, NO. 34, WINTER 2001 © WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. 77 78 DIVERSITY IN THE FUNDRAISING PROFESSION (Changing Our World, 2001). In...

Words: 7371 - Pages: 30

Premium Essay

Ggfhsdthtrsffg

...Sharh Arba'een an Nawawî COMMENTARY OF FORTY HADITHS OF AN NAWAWI By Dr. Jamal Ahmed Badi http://fortyhadith.iiu.edu.my/ © 2002 fortyhadith.com Commentaries on Imam Nawawi's Forty Hadith The collection of Forty Hadith by al-Imam alNawawi (or Imam Nawawi) has been known, accepted and appreciated by Muslim scholars for the last seven centuries. Its significance lay in the fact that these selected forty hadiths comprise the main essential and fundamental concepts of Islam which, in turn, construct the minimum level of required revealed knowledge for every single Muslim. Since having good knowledge of the various fundamental aspects of the religion is key to a Muslim's practice and application of Islam, this web site attempts to provide simple and practical commentaries to the collection of Imam Nawawi's Forty Hadith. Various principles are contained in these hadiths, such as belief, Muslim ethics and fiqh. As such, it is very important to have a good understanding of these hadiths based on scholarly interpretations. In addition, these commentaries also try to offer discussions on related contemporary issues pertaining to certain concepts mentioned in these hadiths. The commentaries on this website are by: Dr. Jamal Ahmed Badi Associate Professor Department of General Studies International Islamic University Malaysia If you have any questions or comments on the Forty Hadith, please e-mail them to: abjamal@iiu.edu.my If you have any...

Words: 79468 - Pages: 318

Free Essay

Global Financial Crisis and Protectionism

...Table of Contents Title Page Copyright Page Dedication PREFACE TO THE 10TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION Introduction Part I - THE PURPOSE OF LIFE Chapter 1 - THE RIGHT TO HAPPINESS Chapter 2 - THE SOURCES OF HAPPINESS Chapter 3 - TRAINING THE MIND FOR HAPPINESS Chapter 4 - RECLAIMING OUR INNATE STATE OF HAPPINESS Part II - HUMAN WARMTH AND COMPASSION Chapter 5 - A NEW MODEL FOR INTIMACY Chapter 6 - DEEPENING OUR CONNECTION TO OTHERS Chapter 7 - THE VALUE AND BENEFITS OF COMPASSION Part III - TRANSFORMING SUFFERING Chapter 8 - FACING SUFFERING Chapter 9 - SELF-CREATED SUFFERING Chapter 10 - SHIFTING PERSPECTIVE Chapter 11 - FINDING MEANING IN PAIN AND SUFFERING Part IV - OVERCOMING OBSTACLES Chapter 12 - BRINGING ABOUT CHANGE Chapter 13 - DEALING WITH ANGER AND HATRED Chapter 14 - DEALING WITH ANXIETY AND BUILDING SELF-ESTEEM Part V - CLOSING REFLECTIONS ON LIVING A SPIRITUAL LIFE Chapter 15 - BASIC SPIRITUAL VALUES Acknowledgements THE ART OF HAPPINESS BOOK SERIES ABOUT THE AUTHORS RIVERHEAD BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M4P 2Y3, Canada (a division of Pearson Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell...

Words: 89236 - Pages: 357

Premium Essay

Elements of a Good Legal System

...THE CONCEPT OF A LEGAL SYSTEM An Introduction to the Theory of Legal System SECOND EDITION JOSEPH RAZ CLARENDON PRESS · OXFORD -iiiOxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6DP Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Bombay Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxfordis a trade mark of Oxford University Press Published in the United Statesby Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press 1970, 1980 First published 1970 Second edition 1980 Reprinted 1990, 1997 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press. Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms and in other countries should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise...

Words: 95027 - Pages: 381

Premium Essay

Family Business Models

...Family business models This page intentionally left blank Family business models Practical solutions for the family business Alberto Gimeno Associate Professor in Business Policy and Director of the Advanced Management Program (AMP), ESADE Business School, Spain Gemma Baulenas Family Business Knowledge S.L. Joan Coma-Cros Family Business Knowledge S.L. © Alberto Gimeno, Gemma Baulenas & Joan Coma-Cros 2010 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue...

Words: 56393 - Pages: 226

Free Essay

The Thief of Time

...reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The thief of time: philosophical essays on procrastination / edited by Chrisoula Andreou and Mark D. White. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-537668-5 (hardback: alk. paper) 1. Procrastination. I. Andreou, Chrisoula. II. White, Mark D., 1971– BF637.P76T45 2010 128'.4—dc22 2009021750 987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To Mike and Kaemon and Paul and Ree Acknowledgments We owe special thanks to the Centre for the Study of Mind in Nature for funding a workshop in New York City in the summer of 2008 for the contributors to gather and share ideas; Jennifer Hornsby and Olav Gjelsvik, the research directors of the Rational Agency section of CSMN, played an integral role in...

Words: 125542 - Pages: 503

Premium Essay

Ethics in Management

...3 Sources of Moral Obligation by Josephson Institute on February 14, 2011 A duty is an obligation to act in a certain way. When the obligation is based on moral and ethical considerations, it is a moral duty. Often we think about moral duties in terms of rules that restrain us, the “don’ts,” as in don’t lie, cheat, or steal. Such rules comprise the so-called negative dimension of moral duty because they tell us what not to do. Since ethics is concerned with the way we ought to be, however, it also includes an affirmative dimension consisting of things we should do — keep promises, judge others fairly, treat people with respect, kindness and compassion. Sources of Moral Obligation Moral obligations can arise from three sources. The first, strangely enough, is law. 1. Law-Based Moral Obligations. Good citizens have a moral as well as a legal obligation to abide by laws; it is part of the assumed social contract of a civilized society. If a law is unjust, however, (such as those that mandated ethnic and religious persecution during the Nazi regime and those that discriminated against a person on the basis of race in South Africa and elsewhere) there may be a moral obligation to disobey it under the specific and demanding doctrine of civil disobedience. Many, but by no means all, of these moral standards of conduct are so fundamental to healthy social relations that they have been codified into laws. For example, most aspects of the moral duty to not endanger or harm others...

Words: 34877 - Pages: 140

Premium Essay

Mncs and Csr

...have found that foreign affiliates of multinational enterprises (MNEs) suffer from liability of foreignness (LOF). Foreign affiliates may be able to improve their social legitimacy and overcome LOF by demonstrating social commitment to host-country constituents through corporate social responsibility (CSR). If LOF is positively related to the distance between the home and host countries, and CSR activities confer social legitimacy benefits on foreign affiliates, we should expect CSR activities and distance to be positively related. However, we argue that, despite this potential motivation, foreign affiliates from more distant home countries are in fact less likely to engage in host-country CSR. Our argument focuses on the ways in which distance affects the MNE’s willingness and ability to engage in CSR abroad. We also predict that hostcountry CSR reputation negatively moderates this relationship. Using Community Reinvestment Act data for foreign bank affiliates from 32 countries in the United States over 1990–2007, we find strong support for our hypotheses. The paper enriches our understanding of CSR practices in MNEs, and of when and how MNEs try...

Words: 17534 - Pages: 71

Free Essay

Tyranny of Guilt; an Essay on Western Masochism (2010)

...Th e T yranny of Gui lt • Pa s c a l B ru c k n e r Translated from the French by s t ev e n r e n da l l The tyranny of Guilt An Essay on Western Masochism • P r i n c e t o n u n i v e r si t y P r e s s Princeton and Oxford english translation copyright © 2010 by Princeton university Press First published as La tyrannie de la pénitence: essai sur le masochisme occidental by Pascal Bruckner, copyright © 2006 by Grasset & Fasquelle Published by Princeton university Press, 41 William street, Princeton, new Jersey 08540 in the united kingdom: Princeton university Press, 6 oxford street, Woodstock, oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu all rights reserved library of congress cataloging-in-Publication data Bruckner, Pascal. [tyrannie de la pénitence. english] The tyranny of guilt: an essay on Western masochism / Pascal Bruckner; translated from the French by steven rendall. p. cm. includes index. isBn 978-0-691-14376-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. civilization, Western— 20th century. 2. civilization, Western—21st century. 3. international relations—Moral and ethical aspects. 4. Western countries—Foreign relations. 5. Western countries—intellectual life. 6. Guilt 7. self-hate (Psychology) 8. World politics. i. title. CB245.B7613 2010 909’.09821--dc22 2009032666 British library cataloging-in-Publication data is available cet ouvrage, publié dans le cadre d’un programme d’aide à la publication, bénéficie du soutien du Ministère des affaires étrangères et du service...

Words: 64873 - Pages: 260

Premium Essay

Commodity vs Capital Fetishism

...that “commodity fetishism” is only a preliminary notion, which allows Marx to arrive, in subsequent Sections of Capital, at the concept of the “fetishism of capital”. 1. Introduction From the days of his youth Marx was familiar with the statements of ethnographers on the subject of fetishism and used the term in his own writings.1 Equally important was in this context the influence of Hegel.2 In this paper we are not going to deal with the different meanings that the notion of fetishism acquires at different points of Marx’s work, an issue which is related to the various concepts of fetishism in political economy, political philosophy and the social sciences.3 We will focus on the analysis of commodity fetishism, in an effort to contribute to the comprehension of the different dimensions of this concept, especially in Marx’s Capital. For this purpose, we will pursue the following course: At the beginning we are going to present various Marxist approaches to the subject. Subsequently, we are going to read these approaches in the light of Marx’s analysis. In this way we will attempt to investigate if and to what extent the notion of fetishism has itself attained a fetishist function within Marxism, creating inversions, transpositions and misinterpretations, and what is actually...

Words: 16098 - Pages: 65

Premium Essay

Business

...psychologistic interpretations, Durkheim focused attention on the social-structural determinants of mankind's social problems. Durkheim presented a definitive critique of reductionist explanations of social behavior. Social phenomena are "social facts" and these are the subject matter of sociology. They have, according to Durkheim, distinctive social characteristics and determinants, which are not amenable to explanations on the biological or psychological level. They are external to any particular individual considered as a biological entity. They endure over time while particular individuals die and are replaced by others. Moreover, they are not only external to the individual, but they are "endowed with coercive power, by . . . which they impose themselves upon him, independent of his individual will." Constraints, whether in the form of laws or customs, come into play whenever social demands are being violated. These sanctions are imposed on individuals and channel and direct their desires and propensities. A social fact can hence be defined as "every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an external constraint." Although in his early work Durkheim defined social facts by their exteriority and constraint, focusing his main concern on the operation of the legal system, he was later moved to change his views significantly. The mature Durkheim stressed that social facts, and more particularly moral rules, become effective guides and controls of conduct...

Words: 20388 - Pages: 82

Premium Essay

Kant's Categorical Imperative

...The Categorical Imperative Analyzing Immanuel Kant’s Grounding for A Metaphysics of Morals Anders Bordum WP 4/2002 January 2002 MPP Working Paper No. 4/2002 © January 2002 ISBN: 87-91181-06-2 ISSN: 1396-2817 Department of Management, Politics and Philosophy Copenhagen Business School Blaagaardsgade 23B DK-2200 Copenhagen N Denmark Phone: +45 38 15 36 30 Fax: +45 38 15 36 35 E-mail: as.lpf@cbs.dk www.cbs.dk/departments/mpp 2 The Categorical Imperative Analyzing Immanuel Kant's Grounding for a Metaphysics of Morals By Anders Bordum Keywords: Categorical imperative, discourse ethics, duty, ethics, monologic, dialogic, Immanuel Kant, Jürgen Habermas, self-legislation, self-reference. 3 Abstract In this article I first argue that Immanuel Kant’s conception of the categorical imperative is important to his philosophy. I systematically, though indirectly, interconnect the cognitive and moral aspects of his thinking. Second, I present an interpretation of the Kantian ethics, taking as my point of departure, the concept of the categorical imperative. Finally, I show how the categorical imperative is given a dialogical interpretation by Jürgen Habermas in his approach, usually referred to as discourse ethics. I argue that the dialogical approach taken by discourse ethics is more justifiable and therefore more usefuli. I The Synthesis of Rationalism and Empiricism The philosophy of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is in the main inspired...

Words: 10855 - Pages: 44

Premium Essay

Effect of Parenting Styles on Assertiveness

...UNIVERSITY OF GHANA DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY PROPOSED TOPIC: THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLES ON ASSERTIVENESS NAME: ABDALLAH MUNIRA INDEX NUMBER: 10272035 SUPERVISOR: DR ADOTEY ANUM CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY As we grow up, we learn to adapt our behavior to accommodate the norms of our societies. We model ourselves upon those around us, example parents, teachers, peers and other influences such as television and magazines. In the early years of a child’s life, parents are the most influential people until his teen years where peers replace parents. Children therefore model themselves to conform to the norms of their parents. Example in a typical Ghanaian society, it is a norm for children to obey their elders without challenging their opinions and judgments regardless of the situation. Internalizing these norms reflect in aspects of the child’s personality such as his self-concept and assertive skills, a norm like not expressing your opinions, feelings and beliefs openly and honestly is likely to hinder assertiveness in an...

Words: 6025 - Pages: 25