...particularly in terms of the adoption of their parenting styles (Nguyen & Cheung, 2009). Because the traditional Vietnamese culture is communal in nature family interests often take precedence over personal concerns and where one’s primary duty is to the family linage (Nguyen, Messe, & Stollak, 1999). This traditional family linage is “characterized by a strong patrilineal structure and a certain order in family life” (Dinh & Nguyen, 2006, p.409). The...
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...PYC4805 ASSIGNMENT 02 PYC4805 ASSIGNMENT 02 (691014): PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDREN 1 PYC4805 ASSIGNMENT 02 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR: INFLUENTIAL FACTORS 2.1) CULTURTAL FACTORS 2.2) SOCIALISATION OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR WITHIN THE FAMILY 2.3) THE CHILD’S INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS 3. CONCLUSION 4. REFERENCES 5 6 7 8 3 3 4 2 PYC4805 ASSIGNMENT 02 1.) Introduction According to Berk (2013, p. 417) prosocial behaviour can be defined as follows: “Actions that benefit another person without any expectation of reward for the self.” Prosocial development in early childhood is of great importance for promoting positive and healthy relationships later on in life (Scrimgeour, Blandon, Stifter & Buss 2013). In can start emerging within the first two years of life and it includes helpfulness, sharing, comforting etc. (Dunfield, Kuhlmeier, O’Connell & Kelley, 2011). In this assignment some of the factors that have an influence on the prosocial behaviour of young children will be discussed. They are as follows: cultural factors, socialisation of prosocial behaviour within the family, and the individual characteristics of children. These are only 3 of many factors that play a role in the development of prosocial behaviour. 2.) Prosocial behaviour: influential factors. There are a number of theories and perspectives that aim to explain prosocial behaviour. There are philosophical perspectives, psychological theories and empirical literature...
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...also be related to caregivers’ inadequate learning experiences. The social psychological theory focuses on the abuser, child, and environment. The sociological perspective is more focused on social and political situations as the reason for neglect. Specific risk factors for abuse include family conflict/violence, drug/alcohol abuse by child/parent, changes in family structure, poverty, changes in finances, physical accommodation, unwanted pregnancy, disabilities, attitude of the community towards family/child, isolation, age of parents, and poor parenting history. The effects of abuse on a child are unique to the individual. Factors that influence the effects include association between abuser/child, duration, frequency, brutality of abuse, age, and developmental stage. There are also protective factors that come into play. These include there community support, independence, high sociability, assertiveness, reflective learning style, and positive self-image. There are four types of abuse physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect. Physical abuse is the physical harm of the child and may be suspected with bruising and unconvincing account of injury. Emotional abuse is when there is constant negative emotional/verbal behavior towards the child. This is harder to identify then physical abuse but is usually implicated with every other form of abuse. Sexual abuse is when a child is forced to take part in sexual activities. The child may be groomed by the abuser or receive gifts...
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...Psychology Used In Child Rearing Name Course College Tutor November 8, 2013 1.0 Introduction There are various explanations as to why children exude appalling and deviant behaviors that contradict the dominant social norms. The root of these improper tendencies could be traced to family background, personality disposition, child socialization and genetic make up. Research spawned by Tamminen (2006), Shows that early lack of people skills could aggravate violent, rude and arrogant tendencies amongst children later in life. These skills include empathy, impulse control, problem solving, and anger management (Cole & Cole, 2003). In order to combat dissipation and bad behavior in children, parents must device complete long-term programs to teach children social skills and align their characters in accordance with the social norms. Many theories have been hypothesized to postulate why children behave in reprehensible discourteous and uncouth manners. This paper will offer biological, psychological and social explanations as to why children exhibit unexpected behaviors and how their mannerism is related to their parents and family background. There are numerous fundamental assumptions that cut across all psychological theories for explaining abnormal child behavior. To begin with, psychologists believe that the individual with the deviant behavior are responsible for their abnormal acts. Secondly, the individual’s temperament and disposition contributes towards...
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...caused undue parental anxiety and stress. One 1920’s mother who was overwhelmed by all the wisdom confessed, “I just try to do what you say, but I am a nervous wreck just trying to stay calm.” Although parental pressure and anxiety has been seen as a recurrent grievance through every generation, stress levels have progressively increased to what they are now. An analysis of the child rearing advice given in the early part of the 20th century and that of the new millennium revealed the following things: a steady progression from an authoritarian type of discipline to that of a more authoritative type, the emergence of a paternal role in child rearing, the apparent difference in personality traits of adults that were raised under particular parenting methods, and several distinct reasons for the change in the advice being given. Even before the start of the seventeenth century, experts were concerned with how, if even at all, parental love and child rearing practices affected a child’s personality. Prior to the late 1940’s specialists believed that the previous two factors did not directly affect the behavior of the child. Eventually, experts began to see how parental factors actually influence a child’s development. According to Berk (2008), “Parents can foster children’s competence – by building a...
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...Two Case Studies from “The Life Span – Human Development for Helping Professionals” by Patricia C. Broderick and Pamela Blewitt July 12th, 2009 by David Kronemyer · No Comments The following two case studies are based on the book The Life Span – Human Development for Helping Professionals (2006, 2nd ed.) by Patriia C. Broderick and Pamela Blewitt. There also are occasional references to The Six Stages of Parenthood by Ellen Galinsky. Case Study # 1 – Chapter 4 – p. 142 Synopsis of the Case Study The case study illustrates the travails of teen pregnancy and its impact on family dynamics. It is eerily prescient of the recent contretemps involving Sarah Palin, the (former) governor of Alaska; her daughter Bristol; Bristol’s child, Tripp; and Tripp’s father, Levi Johnston. Teen pregnancy is a serious problem. A recent study shows that after improvement in the 1990s and early 2000s positive sexual behavioral change related to teen pregnancy has stalled or even reversed. Recent behavioral trends portend stagnant or even rising teen birth and pregnancy rates through 2008, Santelli, J., Lindberg, L., Dias, D. & Orr, M. (2009), “Changing Behavior Risk for Teen Pregnancy in the United States, 1991 – 2007.” J. Adolescent Health, 44(2), S44 – S49. Simultaneously Federal, state and local governments spend hundreds of millions of dollars on abstinence programs that require highly specific characteristics in order to contribute to the reduction of its incidence, Kirby, D. & Laris...
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...Community Health Advocacy Project: Teenage Substance Abuse NUR 544 October 1, 2012 Community Health Advocacy Project: Teenage Substance Abuse The aggregates teenagers/ adolescent and substance abuse the prevalence of alcohol use among teens mixing the effects of alcohol shifts teenagers toward risky and violent behaviors. Alcohol and any substance can cause impaired judgment and slow reaction time which provides more of a detailed explanation on why major factors have teen motor vehicles crashers, homocides, suicides, and drowning’s include some type of substance. Substance abuse among teenagers has been linked to early sexual intercourse, date and acquaintance rapes, unplanned pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, fights and community property damage (Nissen, L. (2007). To understand the community’s perspective of the health status, the services used or required, and concerns. Data collection is needed directly from the aggregate, which can be more insightful and accurate. The survey tool that is specifically created for the teenage aggregate population contains demographics data to help the researchers to determine if there is a gap in services that are needed. The tool created would be used in focus groups according to Nies and McEwen (2011), “these can be very effective in gathering community views, particularly for remote and vulnerable segments of a community and for those with underdeveloped opinions. Focus groups can produce greater interaction and expression...
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...University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences 4-9-2013 Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) Predictors of Preschool Children's Peer Interactions: Temperament and Prosocial Behavior Ibrahim H. Acar University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ihacar@gmail.com Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss Part of the Child Psychology Commons Acar, Ibrahim H., "Predictors of Preschool Children's Peer Interactions: Temperament and Prosocial Behavior" (2013). Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences. Paper 170. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/170 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. PREDICTORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S PEER INTERACTIONS: TEMPERAMENT AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR by Ibrahim H. Acar A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Child, Youth, & Family Studies Under the Supervision of Professor Julia...
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...1 Evidence-Based Counseling Interventions With Children of Divorce: Implications for Elementary School Counselors Marianne E. Connolly Johns Hopkins University Eric J. Green The Chicago School of Professional Psychology Evidence-Based Counseling 2 Abstract Parental divorce has become increasingly common for large numbers of families in schools (Lamden, King, & Goldman, 2002). This article addresses the effects of divorce on children and protective factors supporting their adjustment. Evidence-based interventions for children of divorce in elementary school counseling programs are discussed. School-based consultation, the Children of Divorce Intervention Program, and the Children’s Support Group are three evidence-based practices described. Implications for schools counselors are provided to help integrate research findings and practice. Evidence-Based Counseling 3 Evidence-Based Counseling Interventions With Children of Divorce: Implications for Elementary School Counselors Children of divorce comprise a significant portion of the U.S. school population. Each year in the United States, more than one million children experience parental divorce (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Projections indicate that by age 18, approximately 40% of children will experience their parents’ divorce. Because divorce affects a significant number of children, a body of empirical literature has emerged addressing its impact (Amato, 2001; Amato & Keith, 1991; Hipke...
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...neuroticism); negative cognitions; problems in self-regulation and coping; and interpersonal dysfunction. These vulnerabilities both increase individuals’ chances of encountering stress and decrease their ability to deal with the stress once it occurs. Although several existing depression-prevention studies have targeted one or more of these risk factors, the efficacy of these various prevention programs for youth with different combinations of these risk factors needs to be investigated further. Most existing depression-prevention programs in youth have used cognitive– behavioral techniques, with some success. Other depressionprevention strategies have included training in coping, social problem solving, social skills, communication skills, and parenting. A comprehensive prevention program is recommended that includes multiple intervention components, each of which addresses risk and protective factors across different domains and levels of analysis. (Am J Prev Med 2006;31(6S1):S104 –S125) © 2006...
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...Analysis of Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman Analysis of "Emotional Intelligence" by Daniel Goleman Daniel Goleman's book Emotional Intelligence is phenomenal. Rich with insight and valuable information, it provides answers to some questions that have perplexed professionals and lay persons alike for some time: Why do some people achieve far beyond what we might expect of them based on their circumstances and innate abilities, and why do some children thrive in a modem environment that seems intent on preventing them from even surviving? The answer, Goleman says, lies in emotional intelligence. He writes, "My concern is with. . emotional intelligence, abilities such as being able to motivate oneself and persist in the face of frustrations, to control impulses and delay gratification; to regulate one's moods and keep distress from swamping the ability to think; to empathize and to hope"(34). Emotional intelligence is further described as a "meta-ability," determining how well we can use whatever other skills we have, including raw intellect (36). The book goes on to explain that it is our ability to successfully manage our emotional lives, and therefore our relationships with others and our view of ourselves, that determines our success in life. Interestingly enough, the book doesn't t focus to any extent on communication per SE, but brings us just to the door of that issue on many occasions, almost as if it is a foregone conclusion that the ability to communicate...
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...Community Nursing in the 53218 Zip code University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee College of Nursing NURS 415 David Deau, Elizabeth Kuss, Blessing Lee, PaKou Lo, Nygil Matthews, Terresa Novak, Dami Olaniyi, Edith Sardea, Tiffany Theard, and Houa Xiong November 30, 2012 Community Nursing in the 53218 Zip code Each community has its own positive and negative features. The zip code community of 53218 is no exception. Some of those positive features of the 53218 community has prospective features such as its existing available clinics, multipurpose community centers, such as the Silver Spring Community Center, and numerous outreach programs through organizations including Growing Power and the Milwaukee Outreach Center. Unfortunately, it is still considered one of ten zip codes in the Milwaukee County designated in the “lower socioeconomic status” group as reported in the Milwaukee Health Report (Chen, et al., 2011). The lower SES group, including 53218, as a whole is at risk for (1) a growing rate of obesity related to a poor nutritional lifestyle, (2) a continually decreasing gynecological health among the female population between ages 12 and 19 related to a lack of enforced education and rising teen pregnancy-related issues, and (3) a consistently low level of neighborhood safety related to motor vehicle accidents and rising crime rates. Community Strengths The community of 53218 has three main areas of strength: (1) several available clinics, (2) an abundance...
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...Dependent Personality Disorder in Women Kimberly L. Johnson Abstract This paper will examine the DSM disorder of Dependent Personality Disorder in Women. The focus of this paper will be to highlight the differentiation, diagnosis and treatment of this specific pathological personality disorder. According to the DSM, Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be cared for by others that usually lead to clingy and fears of separation. In professional counseling it is critical that clinicians understand the root causes of DPD and how this disorder can manifest in women. This disorder can be found in both men and women, but research seems to suggest that women are more likely to suffer from this disorder. Therefore, understanding the pathology of DPD and its diagnosis and treatment will be critical to professionals working with women. This paper will also discuss how clinicians should be cautious when making diagnosis in women who present with DPD and knowing what gender and culture factors that exists. Dependent Personality Disorder in Women Clinical Definition of Dependent Personality Disorder According to the DSM-IV-TR (2000), Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be cared for by another person that usually lead to clingy and fears of separation. DPD as outlined in the DSM-IV-TR is considered the formal diagnosis of DPD needed for insurance, research, and communication...
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...Marriage Guidance – Summary MGG201W MGG201W – Marriage Guidance – facilitative couples counselling Theme ONE – Understanding couples Intimacy involves: love, affection and caring, deep attachment to another person. The TRIPOD of couple relationships An intimate relationship consists of three factors that form a tripod on which the relationship rests. 1. Passionate attraction (PA) 2. Mutual expectations (ME) 3. Personal intentions (PI) Passionate attractions (PA) → Individual experiences intensely pleasurable sensations when thinking about or being with a new partner. → Blushing, trembling, breathlessness, high sexual desire → Referred to as infatuation = passing love “a foolish and unreasoning love’ → Infatuation is not a realistic / accurate appraisal of the relationship / idealisation → Negative / flaws in the idealised beloved may be intellectually recognised, but disregarded as endearingly special. Person chooses to ignore the negatives → Normal phase in the process of relationships → Infatuation can lead to a lasting relationship – but it mostly fades away and relationship based on infatuation alone will fail. Love → Involves physical attraction - deeper → Love encompasses PA, ME and PI → People rely mostly on life experiences to guide them to their own unique way of demonstrating love. → Eric Fromm “love is active concern for the life and growth of the person we love” → Love is deep, unselfish, caring, deep respect Hauck’s basic principles about love • It is not just...
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...Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University San Pablo City Campus College of Arts and Sciences Bachelor of Science in Psychology Submitted to: Ms. Evangeline Dia Understanding Aggression Handed on February 5, 2014 By: Camille L. Quicho Student no. 11-00131 Psychology (BS), 2nd semester CONTENTS 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………1 2 What is Aggression………………………………………………………………2 3 Disorders linked from Aggression……………………………………….. ~1~ 1- INTRODUCTION Psychologists classify aggression as instrumental and hostile. Instrumental aggression is aggressive behavior intended to achieve a goal. It is not necessarily intended to hurt another person. For example, a soccer player who knocks a teammate down as they both run to stop the ball from reaching the opposing team's goalpost is not trying to hurt the teammate. Hostile aggression, onthe other hand, is aggressive behavior whose only purpose is to hurt someone.Hostile aggression includes physical or verbal assault and other antisocialbehaviors. Most studies of aggression are geared toward hostile aggression. There are several forms of self-control training, which teaches people to control their own anger and aggression by making verbal statements in which the person tells him/herself to respond to anger and arousal by thinking first and then using less aggressive behavior. Self-control training includes rational restructuring, cognitive self-instruction, and stress inoculation. Self-control...
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