...Dependent Personality Disorder Elsie Carrasquillo CRJ 308 Psychology of Criminal Behavior Instructor Kristin Mauldin 23 July 2013 Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) is “characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation” (DeLisi, 2013.) In other words, Dependent Personality Disorder is when a person is very dependent on others to meet their emotional and physical needs. It usually begins with a caregiver as a child but it does not fully develop until early adulthood. There are some symptoms such as a solitary environment as well as seeking approval of others. The actual cause of Dependent Personality Disorder is not known. Some suppose that it can be due to biological and developmental factors but nothing has been actually confirmed. Studies are ongoing to see the causes of Depend Personality Disorder. It is a common diagnosed disorder which affects men as well as women equally. The Dependent Personality Disorder begins in childhood but it is not diagnosed until early to middle adulthood. The main reason why it is not diagnosed at childhood is because a child is not fully developed. Psychological and environmental experiences that surrounds a child, influences their Dependent Personality Disorder. A child’s primary caregiver has a major impact on a child’s development. Children see and learn from their primary caregiver and try to imitate them. “Some researchers believe an...
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...Sex/Gender/Sexual, Impulse Control and Personality Disorders Paper and Matrix Kristen Brown Psy 410 February 7, 2010 Kristi Lane Eating, Substance Abuse, Sex/Gender/Sexual, Impulse Control and Personality Disorders Paper and Matrix Biological Eating Disorder Eating disorders have been linked to many biological components such as genetic factors, hormonal and neurotransmitter abnormalities, and damage or abnormalities to certain structures in the brain. Research conducted on twins has shown that genetic factors play an enormous role in whether one will develop an eating disorder. Many individuals who have eating disorders also seem to suffer from other disorders that have genetic factors involved. Eating disorders have been linked to people who also have obsessive compulsive disorder. Individuals who have hormonal or neurotransmitter abnormalities tend to have no control over their eating habits. People who have hormonal abnormalities tend to have unlevel amounts of hormones related hunger. Bulimia nervosa is linked to low hormone amount of the hormones that suppress appetite cause the individual to feel excessively hungry. The reverse is the case for anorexia nervosa. Endorphins play a key role in the body’s feelings of pleasure and people who suffer from eating disorders tend to have endorphins secreted when they are completed measures to prevent weight gain such as self-induced vomiting. Lastly, some people who have been diagnosed with eating disorder have been found to have...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis, criteria, symptoms Personality disorders are estimated to affect about ten to twenty percent of the general population (Sadock & Sadock 2007). Individuals with borderline personality disorders fall under the category of Cluster B personality disorders, which are characterized by dramatic, impulsive, and erratic features, which include narcissistic, antisocial, borderline, and dramatic personality disorders. (Sadock & Sadock 2007) According to the DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic for Borderline Personality Disorder, the criteria for Borderline Personality is “A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: 1. 1.Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment 2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by 3. alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation 4. identity disturbance, markedly and persistently unstable self image or sense of self 5. impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging 6. recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self mutilating...
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...Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA c Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA b a r t i c l e in fo Article history: Received 14 February 2008 Received in revised form 7 April 2008 Accepted 8 April 2008 Keywords: Hoarding Prevalence Risk factors Personality disorders Comorbidity abstract Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in the community. We estimated the prevalence and evaluated correlates of hoarding in 742 participants in the Hopkins Epidemiology of Personality Disorder Study. The prevalence of hoarding was nearly 4% (5.3%, weighted) and was greater in older than younger age groups, greater in men than women, and inversely related to household income. Hoarding was associated with alcohol dependence; paranoid, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder traits; insecurity from home break-ins and excessive physical discipline before 16 years of age; and parental psychopathology. These findings suggest that hoarding may be relatively prevalent and that alcohol dependence, personality disorder traits, and specific childhood adversities are associated with hoarding...
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...Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders Holly Bracy Psy/410 November 18, 2013 Kathryn Westbeld Sexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders Sexual and Gender Disorder Categories * Sexual Dysfunction * Sexual Desire Disorders * Sexual Arousal Disorders * Orgasmic Disorders * Sexual Pain Disorders * Paraphilias * Gender Identity Disorders (Hansell & Damour, 2008) Sexual and Gender Disorder Classifications * The DSM-IV-TR classifies sexual disorders into three types: sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gender identity disorder. (Hansell & Damour, 2008) Summary of Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders * The psychodynamic approach focuses on fixations in sexual development and also focuses on defense mechanisms. * Cognitive/behavioral perspectives emphasize social learning of abnormal sexuality, classically conditioned sexual arousal to deviant stimuli, and reinforcement of aberrant sexual behavior. * Biological factors can include some disinhibiting diseases or injuries or mental retardation that can contribute to abnormal behavior. (Hansell & Damour, 2008) Personality Disorder Categories * Paranoid Personality Disorder * Schizoid Personality Disorder * Schizotypal Personality Disorder * Antisocial Personality Disorder * Borderline Personality Disorder * Histrionic Personality Disorder * Narcissistic Personality Disorder * Avoidant Personality Disorder *...
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...common social diseases, such as drug or alcohol addiction, or the reasons behind behavior among certain populations. Introduction A number of studies have been conducted in order to provide members of the medical and psychological community with information to determine the best course of treatment for patients with alcohol addiction. These studies take into account other factors, such as personality disorders, chronic diseases, and also address the use of medication and psychological treatment. The first study entitled, Personality Disorders Among Alcoholic Outpatients: Prevalence and Course in Treatment, attempts to determine the prevalence of personality disorders among men and women seeking outpatient treatment for alcoholism. The hypothesis is that if there is a personality disorder present, it should help determine the type of treatment an alcoholic receives. The treatment chosen should be tailored to the patient’s comorbid personality disorder, or lack thereof. The second study entitled, Chronic disease and recent addiction treatment utilization among alcohol and drug dependent adults, “the objective of this paper is to evaluate the association between the presence of chronic medical disease and recent addiction treatment utilization among adults with substance dependence.” (Reif, Larson, Cheng, et al., 2011) The hypothesis that is being studied is whether the presence of a chronic disease will effect an individual’s decision to seek treatment for an addiction...
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...characteristic traits are found in both genders in various populations. More research on the general characteristic traits of females is needed. Research for the female populations will give professionals information about the differences displayed between genders. Different applied sciences will also further their knowledge in treatment options for either tendency. The study used explored if any differences existed between genders with intensified levels of psychopathic traits in regard to psychopathy factor scores. The sample consisted of 2,500 people of both genders (52.6% women) (M=22.15; SD=1.38) from the generalized population, aged 20-24. Results displayed women with psychopathic personality traits had significantly higher levels of behavioral tendencies than men of the same. The genders did display a difference in aggressive behavior. The men showed a significant amount of aggressive behaviors compared to the women. The gender differences displayed in the seven psychopathic features show the variations needed for treatment options. Differences and Similarities in Generalized Characteristic Traits among Genders: The Sociopath and Psychopath by Evelyn J. Dotson MS, University of Phoenix, 2015 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Psychology University of Phoenix March, 2015 Dedication I would like to dedicate this thesis to my academic counselor, Alyce Groggs. She has been a pillar of support, guidance...
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...Disorder Childhood sexual abuse can lead to severe psychological impairment, substance use problems, anxiety, posttraumatic stress (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and even suicide. For women who have survived childhood sexual abuse, the type of abuse, specifically, intercourse or molestation, the role of perpetrator, and the age at which the abuse occurred could be significant factors that help predict the likelihood of future suicide attempts. To further examine these individual elements in relation to suicide attempts in women, Banu Cankaya, Assistant Professor at Koc University in Istanbul, Turkey, reviewed data from 106 women with MDD who had been sexually abused during childhood. The method was used in this article point out that women with MDD and sexual abuse histories (n = 106) were assessed regarding sexual abuse characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and suicide attempts. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Rocherster Medical Center prior to implementing the study, and was reviewed and re-approved annually. Only pretreatment baseline data are reported. The study shows us the independent variables were 4 childhood sexual abuse characteristics: intercourse, a parent figure perpetrator, physical force, and onset before the age of 6 years. The 2 dichotomous dependent variables were lifetime history of: suicide attempt (no attempt, compared with 1 or more attempts) and multiple suicide attempts (1attempt, compared...
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...Personality Disorders-Fact or Fiction? Personality disorders are challenging to diagnose and therefore are difficult to treat; so they shouldn’t be included as a diagnostic category. I will discuss how diagnosis and studying the causation of personality disorders are challenging. Also how treatment of personality disorders is difficult will be discussed to support my argument of not including personality disorders as a diagnostic category. Research information that will support my argument will be discussed also. If personality disorders are to be considered as a diagnostic category, they should have a clear defined criteria of what each personality disorder is. The Challenges in Diagnosing Personality Disorders Distinct care is in command concerning the identification of personality disorders because more misidentifications possibly happen here than in any other classification of disorder. There are various explanations for this. One issue is that analytic standards for personality disorders are not as distinctly explained as they are for most Axis I analytic classifications, so they are frequently not easy to follow in practice or exact. For example, it might be challenging to identify dependably whether a person sustains a given standard for dependent personality disorder such as “has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others“ or “goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others...
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...-Depression usually begins in teens, 20s or 30s but it can happen at any age -More common in women but it might be because women are more likely to seek treatment -Women, regardless of nationality, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic (relating to or concerned with the interaction of social and economic factors) level, have twice the rate of depression than men Risk Factors: * Depression that started as a teen or child * History of anxiety disorder, borderline personality disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder * Alcohol/illegal drug abuse * Having low self-esteem and being overly dependent, self-critical or pessimistic (tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen) * Certain medications: some high blood pressure meds or sleeping pills * Traumatic or stressful events such as: physical/sexual abuse, loss of a loved one, a difficult relationship or financial problems * Blood relatives with a history of depression, bipolar disorder, alcoholism or suicide Major depressive disorder affects nearly 15 million Americans in a given year. MAJOR RISK FACTORS- being female, being African-American and living in poverty. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Causes: It is not known exactly what causes depression but a variety of factors may be involved such as: * Biological differences. People with depression appear to have physical changes...
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...Objectives for: Somatic and Dissociative Disorders Readings for this topic include pages 152-160 (Somatic Symptoms Disorders) and pages 160-166, 169-171 (Dissociative Disorders) of chapter 6. Remember, information in addition to what is on the pages listed will be discussed in class for some of the objectives. 1) What types of thoughts and behaviors fall under the category of Somatic Symptom Disorders? (Note that you should be familiar with the behaviors associated with specific disorders, such as Conversion Disorders & Factitious Disorders, but you will only be responsible for knowing that these behaviors fall under the umbrella of Somatic Symptom Disorders, not knowing the specific diagnosis associated with a given behavior) i) Real or imagined somatic (physical) symptoms ii) Related abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors a) Biopsychosocial Model i) Biological Factors 1) Physical symptom may be present ii) Social Factors 1) Greater cultural acceptance of physical than psychological problems 2) “Sick role” reinforcers 3) Social support b) Treatment i) Cogntivie Behavioral Therapy 1) Identify reinforcers and elimate or replace them 2) Change catastrophic thoughts 3) Identify and challenge misinterpretations ii) Biological 1) Antidepressants 2) Can Somatic Symptom Disorders include real bodily symptoms or do they have...
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...Antisocial Personality Disorder The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) lists 10 major disorders and grouped them based on the nature of the symptoms. There is Class A, odd or eccentric disorders, within this category fit Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal Personality Disorder. A generalization for this class could be that the disorder is rooted within their mind whether that means distancing themselves from others because they would rather be alone or that they deeply mistrust people. Class B disorders are known as Dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders. This is the class where Antisocial personality disorder fits in. What I see in this grouping is disorders that rely on other people in such a way where the person with the disorder “feeds” off of the reactions he gets from his actions. Finally there is Class C, the anxious or fearful disorders such as OCPD, Dependent, or Avoidant Personality Disorder. The one I’m going to focus on however is the Antisocial (Psychopath) Personality Disorder. This disorder is described as “a disregard for and violation of the rights of others” (Psychology One) or in other words a person who doesn’t care about what effects his actions might have on others. Some things they might do are break laws, frequent lying, starting fights, lack of guilt or remorse, and not taking personal responsibility. “The Personality Puzzle” adds that, “when deceit and manipulation become core aspects of an individual’s way of dealing...
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...criteria for schizophrenia, as well as the current criteria for brief psychotic disorder. What is the typical age of onset? What percent of people will develop this schizophrenia? Following is the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. i. Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated): 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence) 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. 5. Negative symptoms, (affective flattening, alogia, or avolition ii. For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning such as work or school, interpersonal relations, or self-care is markedly below the level expected for the individual or achieved prior to the onset. iii. Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. This 6-month period must include at least 1 month of symptoms (or less if successfully treated) that meet Criterion A and may include periods of prodromal or residual symptoms. During these prodromal or residual periods, the signs of the disturbance may be manifested by only negative symptoms or two or more symptoms listed in Criterion A present in an attenuated form (e.g., odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences). iv. Schizoaffective disorder and mood disorder with psychotic features have been ruled out. The disturbance is not due to the...
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...made eloquent! Whom not quite free and easy from pinching poverty!” (Horace first century B.C.) Initially, I wanted to write this paper on substance related disorders. However, in reading the text I felt compelled to focus on the psycological effects and problems that are related to alcoholism. With the media we are all too aware of the widespread dilemma that alcohol contributes to our current age. I am amazed that there were indeed alcoholics as far back as 3000 years before christ! Despite the pleasure and relaxation that alcohol can bring to some, it can also destroy others self-wort and integrity. Alcohol affects virtually everyone, whether the individual is himself an alcoholic, is the family member of one, or has been the victim of an alcohol related crime. In spite of the dangers alcohol presents,it is still in countless social cirles. Alcohol penetraes all ages, educational, occupational, and socioeconomical boundaries. Each year it is estimated that ten percent of all deaths are related to alcohol abuse. Am astonishing fifty percent of all major automobile accidents, and murders are associated with alcohol. On and on the statistics point to the enormous dangers of alcohol, yet it is a legalized drug. As bleak as this problems seems to be on society as a whole, it is also rueful for the poor soul who is alcohol dependent. The life span of the alcoholic is about ten years shorter than the non-drinker. The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is as high as...
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...Psychological Disorders Psychological disorder - a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior Disturbed, or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive - they interfere with normal day-to-day life. Understanding Psychological Disorders Medical Model Brutal treatments may worsen, rather than improve, mental health. Philippe Pinel opposed such brutal treatments. He insisted that sickness of the mind is caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions. Curing them requires “moral treatment’” including boosting patients’ moral by unchaining them and talking with them. Medical model - the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in more cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital Biopsychosocial Approach The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes that mind and body are inseparable. Negative emotions contribute to physical illness, and physical abnormalities contribute to negative emotions. Epigenetics - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Classifying Disorders & Labeling People Classification aims to: * Predict the disorder’s future course * Suggest appropriate treatment * Prompt research into causes DSM-5 - the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition;...
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