...Are US Companies at an ethical disadvantage when doing business overseas? Whether or not US companies are at a disadvantage when dealing overseas has remain a focal point for several years since the passing of The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in 1977, as bribery has become more common place in the business world with the current trend towards globalization. Despite efforts in the US trying to hold US companies at higher standards, bribery is not considered unethical around the world (De George, 1986). In many foreign countries, bribery is considered the standard medium for businesses transactions and is even allowed to be deducted as legitimate business expenses for accounting purposes, giving legitimacy to the practice. The US Department of Commerce has estimated that foreign companies have used bribes to beat out US companies out of more than $45 billion of international business between1994 to 2000 (Hodgetts, 2000). Bribery is usually defined as the “remuneration for the performance of an act that is inconsistent with the work contract or the nature of the work one has been hired to perform” (Shaw, 1989). Research suggests that bribery is more prevalent in developing countries; however, developed countries (including individualistic countries) also suffer from unethical issues (Shaw, 1989). Recently, American executives at Lindsey Manufacturing Company became the first to be convicted of foreign bribery in more than 34 years of the passing of FCPA (Fulbright & Jaworski...
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...the application of its U.S. style one-on-one, personal, and direct selling strategy to countries outside the U.S. did not always work well because it did not fit local culture and customs. 2. Pricing: MKC’s overseas pricing strategy was a replicate of its U.S. strategy without much consideration of the local market condition such as the income level and buying power of the customers living in those less developed countries. 3. Communication: There are many layers within the company’s organizational structure that caused communication and decision issue between its headquarter, regional offices, and local subsides. 4. Products: MKC’s product line has 225 SKUs while Avon has 1500 SKUs. Considering the type of skin of Americans as opposed to Asians, MKC provided limited selections for its overseas customers to choose from. 5. Brand awareness: MKC has a poor image overseas. Dandurand blamed the company did not provide sufficient marketing resources to develop its brand. According to the case, a market research conducted in 1993 indicated that “MKC was perceived by some Canadian consumers as out of state What criteria should MKC use in deciding how to prioritize foreign market entry opportunities? Need Reliable Data Entry Company, You can hire a expert outsourcing company for data entry service, they can handle many of...
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...OVERSEAS CHINESE TABLE INTRODUCTION: Defining overseas Chinese 4 UNDERSTANDING OVERSEAS CHINESE A. History and cultural background 1. Southeast Asia 2. North America 3. Europe 4. Chinatowns B. The reasons for immigrating abroad 1. Political reasons 2. Economic and social reasons C. Current status 1. Population distribution 2. Southeast Asia a. The overseas Chinese’s paradox b. The Indonesian case 3. The United States 4. Europe BUSINESS WORLD OF CHINESE A. Rise of Global Chinese Companies & Huaqiao B. Regional Analysis 1. Asia 2. The United States 3. Europe C. Size of Chinese Capital Worldwide SUCCESS OF OVERSEAS CHINESE A. The Business Style B. The Downside of their Business Style THE CHANGES IN THE OVERSEAS CHINSESE SOCIETY A. Old and New Generation: How are they Different? B. The New Business of the New Generation C. The New Trend in the Chinese Immigration CONCLUSION A. Future Outlook of the Hua Qiao B. The opportunity to work with Overseas Chinese: WCEC 2005 in Seoul Introduction Defining overseas Chinese Overseas Chinese are ethnic Chinese people who live outside of China. China, in this usage, may refer to Greater China including territory currently administered by the rival governments of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China as per traditional definitions of the term prior to the Chinese civil war, or only to the People's Republic of China by some quarters. In addition, the government of the Republic of China granted residents...
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...OUTLINE: Topic - Impact of Migration: Focus on Philippines I. Introduction Ia. Defining Migration a.1 Kinds of Migration a.2 Who are Migrants a.3 Factors of Migration a.4 Reasons for Migration II. Review of Related Literature III. History of Migration and its Policies III.a. Migration Policies - Critique III.b. Statistics b.1.Number of Migrants b.2.Main destinations b.3.Occupations b.4.Sex b.5.Remittances III.c. Case Study c.1. Flor Contemplacion c.2. Angelo Dela Cruz c.3. Rodelio “Dondon” Lanuza IV. Impact of Saudization to Filipino OFWs V. Impact of Migration V.a. Impact of Migration to the Sending State a.1 Positive effects a.2 Negative effects V.b. Impact of Migration to the Receiving State b.1. Positive effects b.2. Negative effects VI. Implication of the Effects to the Philippines (Actions made to combat negative migration effects) VII. Implications of Migration to the Youth - Youth Migration VIII. Migration and Filipino Family Life, Society and Culture VIII.a. Effects on the family of an OFW VIII.b. Migration and Filipino Society IX. Solving Migration Problems X. Conclusion I. Introduction What is migration...
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...Helping distressed OFWs bounce back TO WHAT extend are you willing to earn a living? Ronald Espiritu, a 33-year-old oversea Filipino worker (OFW) based in Miami, Florida endured hunger, fatigue, and worse, a measly salary—way below the minimum wage—just to make a living, according to a report in Pinoy-OFW.com. Along with a group of fellow Filipino workers, Espiritu may have had never seen daylight outside W South Beach hotel, Lincoln Road’s Quattro Italian restaurant, and Admiral’s Cove country club in Jupiter where he worked 100 hours weekly as a waiter and bellboy. His nights weren’t any better. As if there was enough time for a recommended eight-hour sleep, Espiritu always returned to a small barrack, where he and several other Filipinos were compressed like solid molecules, organized by the employment agency which brought him in Miami. But did money make it all worth while? Not really. Espiritu was paid only $6 per hour, which is below the minimum wage of $7.67. And sometimes, according to Espiritu, they weren’t paid at all. Espiritu and his fellow countrymen abroad was a clear victim of human trafficking, which is common to Filipinos. One million Filipinos migrate abroad every year for work opportunites, while 10 million Filipinos currently live and work abroad, according to the International Labor Organization. Meanwhile, a report commissioned by U.S. Secretary of State Hilary Clinton titled “2011 U.S. Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report” placed...
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...UNDERSTANDING OVERSEAS CHINESE A. History and cultural background 1. Southeast Asia 2. North America 3. Europe 4. Chinatowns B. The reasons for immigrating abroad 1. Political reasons 2. Economic and social reasons C. Current status 1. Population distribution 2. Southeast Asia a. The overseas Chinese’s paradox b. The Indonesian case 3. The United States 4. Europe BUSINESS WORLD OF CHINESE A. Rise of Global Chinese Companies & Huaqiao B. Regional Analysis 1. Asia 2. The United States 3. Europe C. Size of Chinese Capital Worldwide SUCCESS OF OVERSEAS CHINESE A. The Business Style B. The Downside of their Business Style THE CHANGES IN THE OVERSEAS CHINSESE SOCIETY A. Old and New Generation: How are they Different? B. The New Business of the New Generation C. The New Trend in the Chinese Immigration CONCLUSION A. Future Outlook of the Hua Qiao B. The opportunity to work with Overseas Chinese: WCEC 2005 in Seoul Introduction Defining overseas Chinese Overseas Chinese are ethnic Chinese people who live outside of China. China, in this usage, may refer to Greater China including territory currently administered by the rival governments of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China as per traditional definitions of the term prior to the Chinese civil war, or only to the People's Republic of China by some quarters. In addition, the government of the Republic of China granted residents of Hong Kong and Macau "overseas Chinese status" prior to their respective...
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...Most ethnic Chinese share a common Confucian legacy with the Japanese and Koreans, but the way the Asian Chinese run their organizations, differs from them. The unique way that the Chinese business system operates is known as ‘overseas Chinese management’ (Petzall, Abbott & Timo 2007). Although both the Japanese and Koreans and the Asian Chinese are collectivist, community is more important to the former, while family ties and ‘guanxi’ are more significant to the latter (Petzall, Abbott & Timo 2007). ‘Guanxi’ is a special relationship between two individuals due to the existence of particularistic ties who are obliged to maintain a long-term relationship with mutual commitment and loyalty (Chen & Chen 2004). Overseas Chinese management is practiced by ethnic Chinese nationals in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and other Asian countries who run their own businesses. According to Petzall, Abbott and Timo (2007), these traditional Chinese family firms are usually small-scaled businesses that employ no more than 200 people. Being small-scaled, there is little need for labour specialization and a high degree of structure and formality within the organization. Thus, there are few rules and standard procedures and low files and records in such small family businesses. Although there is no clear hierarchy of authority, the assumed important positions like owners, executives and managerial roles are held by family members and by others who have that special ‘guanxi’. Decision-making...
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...tale, aiming to make it easier for children and their mothers to remember its name; and because it suggested luck and prosperity. Over the years, Goldilocks did prosper, but not due to mere luck. The sisters’ dedication, hard work and business sensibilities led to a second branch just two years after the pioneering outlet began operating. From ten employees and two display stands, Goldilocks has become a global brand, expanding to over a total of 250 stores in the Philippines and overseas; and hiring thousands of local employees. The opening day total sales of P574 back in 1966 has multiplied thousand of times over, reaching a system-wide sales of P5.9 billion by the end of 2007. THE MARKET For the most Filipinos, the Goldilocks fairytale has two versions: a golden-haired lass who encounters the three bears, and the bakeshop that has become an integral part of the Filipino way of life. Now on its 42nd year, Goldilocks remains that company and more. At the forefront of its industry, the company enjoys a substantial lead over competitors in all aspects of performance. National consumer surveys have consistently identified Goldilocks as...
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...Social Costs of Migration Migration is not something new among Filipinos. Initially, migration was for contractual Filipino engineers and/or doctors whose expertise was needed in other countries – mostly in the Middle East. At present, however, some Filipino workers choose to be underemployed in foreign countries for any the following reasons: Foreign employers pay better than Filipino employers; there are better job opportunities overseas; a lot of the companies in the Philippines are full and do not accept new employees; to be able to provide for the family’s needs, etc. The expected gap in the income between developed countries and the country of origin is a motivation for workers to migrate (Vargas-Silva, 2011). The negative effects of migration will be discussed in this paragraph. First, these migrants contribute to brain drain. These skilled workers choose to offer their skills and services for the economic betterment of other countries and not his/her own country’s (Docquier et al., 2010). Second, the overseas Filipino worker has to leave her family and friends behind in his/her country of origin while he/she works in a foreign country to meet the needs of his/her family. Third, some workers settle for less than what they deserve – by this, I mean, underemployment. For example, some people who have graduated as doctors in the Philippines can find no jobs here, so they would rather work abroad as nurses (Ruiz, 2004). Fourth, Filipino migrants often face racial...
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...Teradyne, Inc. is an American company that sells automatic test equipment, along with service contracts to cover the downtime and repair of these complex products. Founded in 1960, Teradyne was the leader in automatic test equipment until 2006. The company is structured in four divisions, each one with its own management and internal structure: Broadland Test, Assembly Test, Semiconductor Test and Vehicle Diagnostic Solutions. Although Teradyne’s headquarters are located in Boston, its divisions are headquartered in Illinois and North Reading, in U.S.A., and Manchester in UK. Over the years the importance of Asia in the electronics industry grew amazingly, especially China, which dominated the industry’s growth at greater than 20 percent of sales in the 2002-2005. While Europe and the Americas were expected to grow 3 percent per year from 2005-2008, it was expected that China would grow 12 percent per year during the same period – China’s importance in the market was expected to grow from less than a tenth in 2002 to over a third in 2008. As a result of this incredible growth, Teradyne built a facility in Shanghai. However, despite the industry’s growth in the Chinese territory, in late 2003 the Teradyne’s market share in China was only one third of what it was in Europe and North America. Jeff Hotchkiss, president of Teradyne’s Assembly Test Division, was sent to Shanghai to find and solve the problem. I. Recognizing the Problem There are several problems in Teradyne’s...
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...Project One Activity 1 The four countries I have selected from the given groups include China, United Kingdom, United States and Nigeria. Group 1~ China Demographics China has the largest population in the world. “One Child Policy” has been implemented in China since 1979 which have helped to prevent an extra 400 million births to the country. According to the fifth Census, China’s population was 1.3 billion. China has 1 majority which is called “Han” and 55 minorities. Economic system In the first 30 years after the founding of the PRC in 1949, China’s economic system was planned economy. In 1978, the household contract responsibility system was introduced in the rural area. In 1984, the economic restructuring shifted from the rural areas to the cities. In 1992, China established the socialist market economic system. Culture and Social Structure China’s history is more than 5000 years with diverse customs and traditions. Every ethnic group has its own culture, even some have their own languages and words. There are many dialects in China, and the main language is Mandarin. People’s tastes are varied as well. People from the South prefer sweet, people from the North prefer salty, while Eastern people like spicy and Western people like sour. Legislative System China's legislation includes the legislation of the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee, regulation making by the State Council and its relevant departments, as well as the legislation...
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...Chinese Immigration in Africa To talk about Chinese immigration in Africa we have to present first the ties that link China with the continent. Modern political and economic relations began in the era of Mao Zedong, the first leader of the Chinese Communist Party, following the Chinese Civil War. His Chinese international policy paved the way to both modern Chinese-African relations and immigration trends. In 1956 China signed the first official bilateral agreement with African countries (Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Sudan, and Guinea); it focused primarily on trade relations. By the 1960s, 19 African countries had official ties to Beijing. To help cement new diplomatic relations, Mao sent a number of Chinese to the continent in the 1960s, as well as 150,000 technicians between the 1950s and 1970s, to work in agriculture, technology, and infrastructure. Most returned to China after completing their contracts. Those were not the first wave of immigrants coming from China to Africa. For that we have to go way back in the 17th century. The first Chinese immigration took place in South Africa. They were prisoners, usually debtors, exiled from Batavia by the Dutch to their then newly founded colony at Cape Town in 1660. From that time until the late 19th century the number of Chinese people in the Cape Colony never exceeded 100. Chinese people began arriving in large numbers in South Africa in the 1870s through to the early 20th century initially in hopes of making their fortune on the...
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...- - - - - x D E C I S I O N AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ, J.: Before the Court is an appeal from the Decision[1] dated August 31, 2005 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. C.R. No. 00244 affirming the Judgment of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 19, Naga City in Criminal Case No. 98-7182, convicting Antonio Nogra (appellant) of large scale illegal recruitment under Section 6(m) in relation to Section 7(b) of Republic Act No. 8042 (R.A. No. 8042),[2] otherwise known as the “Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995.”[3] The inculpatory portion of the Information charging one Lorna G. Orciga and appellant with large scale illegal recruitment reads as follows: That sometime during the period of March 1997 to November, 1997 in the City of Naga, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, being the General Manager and Operations Manager of LORAN INTERNATIONAL OVERSEAS RECRUITMENT CO., LTD., with office at Concepcion Grande, Naga City, conspiring, confederating together and mutually helping each other, representing themselves to have the capacity to contract, enlist, hire and transport Filipino workers for employment abroad, did then and...
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...strategy containing a lot of errors and haphazard would mean dissolving the company into nothing in the coming future. Also I would also not suggest hiring an HRM specialist that also from another firm because the Company cannot afford to take such risks in handling such high paid workers who needs a suitable working environment with hardworking team-mates. So the best thing to do is to slowly progress to achieve their targets by improving their human resource quality and services. There are lot of mistakes that were made by the company during the assignment of James in China which included mistakes in their reservations and other transfer facilities. These are uncared part of operations by the Company in the overseas. This is due to un-trained workers who lack the knowledge of the importance of such projects and those who don’t understand the diversity in overseas management. Therefore I suggest Controls Inc. to carefully analyze their staffs or recruits and train them well before assigning such tasks so as to make things comfortable for people like James who are enthusiastic about such projects. These small things such as language translation, accommodation and so on, if are managed badly; it affects their flow of work. Controls Inc. also has expanded very rapidly during their age of progression which has made it hard to manage all their branches especially in the overseas. Branches or JV’s in the overseas where taken very less care. The team sent to China to find a suitable JV...
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...ITRODUCTION Rapid change in economic and political conditions in China, India, and other countries has already begun to affect corporate planning for the engineering workforce in the U.S. To remain competitive in the ever-changing global workforce, American engineers must develop broader perspectives and new teamwork and entrepreneurial competencies to supplement preparation in the traditional technical subjects. Although a semester-long study-abroad experience is a valuable part of an educational program aimed at providing these competencies, this paper discusses the value of supplementing such programs with broader and more comprehensive approaches. In particular, a program with distributed and progressive experiences in teamwork, entrepreneurial thinking, and pervasive design and innovation experiences are described. It’s no secret that the traditional perception of engineering students is a routine of working all day and rarely having any time for play. Let’s face it, for any diligent undergrad, hard work should be the standard, but our friends toiling away in their math and science lectures also need something other than textbooks and laboratory work to mix up their day to day activities. Enrolling in an engineering study abroad program is the perfect way to balance out all of that academic pain with some adventure and fun. There are all types of engineers and all types of engineering programs; so it makes sense that you can study engineering almost anywhere in the world...
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