Factor (Political, Technological, Social) Name of organisation 1 impact on business activities and stakeholders. Name of organisation 2 impact on business activities and stakeholders.
Consumer protection (Social) Consumer protection is a group of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade, competition and accurate information in the marketplace. This also can be a political factor as it makes the information of the business correct to make sure the business is selling items honestly and fairly. Tesco uses Consumer Protection so that they do not advertise goods as something they are not and to make sure they have described the products correctly to the customers. This can affect Tesco as a business because if they were to sell products to Customers that are described as something else Tesco can get in to problems not following the consumer protection act. They would be heavily fined, which can then lead to bad publicity or some of Tesco's outlets can get closed which could mean that the business would lose a large part of its loyal customers and this could mean that the businesses reputation can go down. Tesco gives Customers the chance for a 28 day refund for goods that they do not want which means that the customers are able to return faulty goods that they have brought from the store or if they feel they do not want the product. This means that Tesco are following the law. This gives the customer the assurance that Tesco are doing something about the faulty goods which have been brought from the stores. Oxfam uses consumer protection so they can make sure that donators and customers are treated correctly. They can make sure this is done by keep telling the donators where their money is being spent so that donators are happy and are assured that their donations were worth it. This is part of the consumer protection act so customers are aware of what Oxfam are doing. This impacts the charities activities because customers were not aware of how their money is being used so they may not want to continue supporting the charity. This can take out Oxfam’s time to inform customers what is happening but is overall beneficial for them. They have to make sure that any products they sell are described correctly because it could be described as new when the product is used which can be bad for Oxfam and ruin their reputation. This would mean that Oxfam would have less money which would make it harder for them to achieve their aims and objectives.
The customers are affected by this because it will make sure that they are not being scammed or lied to when they are buying their products.
This also affects Oxfam owners because they will have to make sure allow their products are accurately and honestly described to not create any problems with the customers.
Demographic changes (Social) Demography seeks to understand population changes by investigating such demographic components as gender, age, ethnicity, home ownership, mobility, disabilities, language knowledge, employment status and location. These elements and how they change constitute vital information about the population of a given location and its culture.
One thing this can include is population changes. Population can increase or decrease. They need to know the population to know how many people they a business might be targeting.
Another thing this can include is age. This is used to make sure that products are being sold to people of the right age and that the products are aimed at the people of the right age. For example this can make sure that only people over 18 can buy specific video games.
The other thing that this can include is the gender. This can use the gender by choosing a specific gender to target their products to. For examples Men’s Clothing items are targeted for men. Tesco uses demographic changes so that they can understand their target markets and the consumers that are buying their products. This means that they will know their consumers more and how they will act when they are buying products. For example they will know what type of customers might try to act an older age to try to buy products that are age restricted. By knowing about the demographics they can make the business and put things in specific places to achieve the maximum sales.
The age factor can be used to make sure that people of certain ages are buy some products for example people over the age of 18 are buying alcohol.
The economic status of people will affect things like what types of products are being advertised directly to whom. For example Tesco Finest products are advertised to the more wealthy Tesco consumers.
The gender will affect what gender they target to sell to in some parts of the store.
This can affect customers because they will be the ones who the products are sold to so this means that because this business is made using their demographics their experience of the store can be made very easy for them to shop so they will find their products easily and have a smooth shopping experience. Oxfam use demographic changes so that they can understand their target markets and the consumers that are buying their products. This means that they will know their consumers more and how they will act when they are buying products. For example they only sell high end brands in cities that are more upper class. By knowing demographics like this they can make maximum profits because they know where to sell specific products or other things.
The age factor can be used to maybe allow volunteers of all ages to help in stores it is very important that Oxfam are open to all ages as they would be able to get more supporters and fulfil their aims.
The economic status can affect people because they will target these products at specific people because some people would not want to go to a charity shop. For example upper class might not like to go to a charity shop because of their status.
The gender will affect what gender they target to sell to in some parts of the store.
This can affect customers because they will be the ones who the products are sold to so this means that because this charity is made using their demographics their experience of the store can be made very easy for them to shop so they will find their products easily and have a smooth shopping experience.
Tax (Political) Taxation in the United Kingdom may involve payments to a minimum of two different levels of government: the central government (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs) and local government. There can be different types of tax:
VAT: standard 20% rate
Income Tax: basic rate 20% higher rate 40% additional rate 45%
Corporate tax: this can be 20% or 21% Specific tax policies can affect Tesco because they can result in the business having to lose money by paying it to the government. Businesses have to pay a rate of 20% of their sales to the government which is money that businesses could be using to make more profit. 20% is a large percentage so a lot of money is taken out from the Tesco’s sales. This would impact the business because it will reduce Tesco’s incomes and possibly increase the price which means the customers can decrease. This can affect business activity because Tesco would be working harder to make sure that they match rival prices and can compete with a better shopping experience. Income will affect the overall income of the company because it is taken out of that. This can decrease Tesco’s profits. This is also a very large rate so a lot of money is taken out of the total income. Corporate tax affects Tesco because it decreases their profits by 21% which is a very large amount of money so this means that they will be losing a big amount of their profits.
This can affect three stakeholders of Tesco: the owners, government and customers. This affects the owners because they lose out on a lot of money that they could potentially gain if they did not have to pay the taxes. This means they will have less money to invest back into the company.
This can affect the government because they can be they will get a large amount of money because they receive a lot of tax payments from Tesco which can mean the government make a lot of money to spend in their budget.
This can affect the customers because they will have to pay more for products because of VAT so this means that they will lose more money when buying products. Oxfam are a charity so they do not have to pay much tax to the government. Because they are a non-profit organisation they will not even have to spend much money so they rely on the support of their donations to pay the taxes. As they have to pay taxes to the government it would result in them having less money, which they need in order to expand. This impacts them because they have to pay the tax every month or they will get a fine from the government if they do not.
This can affect Owners because they will have to make sure that they are meeting any tax targets set by the government.
Donators also are affected because they will feel the need to donate a lot to be able to make sure they are taking care of all their costs.
This can affect the government because they are the ones receiving the tax and they need to make sure they are receiving it or will have to fine Oxfam.

Environmental and Ethical trends (Social) Environmental factors are things that help reduce the impact of food production on the environment and might cause someone to choose to buy a product. Ethical factors are things that can be seen as morally right. The environmental laws will ensure a good and safe working environment for the employees. The ethical laws will consider cultures when dealing with employees and making laws for them. Also this can affect products for example some religions don’t allow certain foods. This can affect the business because they will have to consider the environment that they have the customer shopping in and the employees working in. This will mean that Tesco will have to make sure that they have taken all safety measures to avoid problems to create a safe working environment and a safe environment for the customers. If the environment is unsafe then this could means there will be accidents and people can then sue Tesco meaning that they can lose a lot of money or even the business or certain branches close down.
If things like some food like free samples of bacon are being handed out it could be offered to Muslims who are not allowed to eat these kinds of foods so they can consider that racist which can have a bad impact on the businesses reputation. This means that Tesco will have to consider ethical situations and cultures when doing things so that they are not offending anyone. By offending people it will affect the businesses reputation in a negative way.
This can affect the employees, owners and customers.
It can affect the employees because it will make sure that they are safe in their environment and they will feel safe so this means the quality and the quantity of the work produced can increase because they are happy in their work environment.
It can affect owners because they may need to spend money to take all safety measures which means that this can cut into their income and decrease the amount of profit made.
It can affect the customers because they will feel happy in their shopping experience and feel safe that they may not slip anywhere or something so they will not have to face any accidents. This can affect the business because they will have to consider the environment that they have the customer shopping in and the volunteers helping in. This will mean that Oxfam will have to make sure that they have taken all safety measures to avoid problems to create a safe working environment and a safe environment for the customers. If the environment is unsafe then this could means there will be accidents and people can then sue Oxfam meaning that they can lose a lot of money or even the charity or certain branches close down.
Oxfam operates in many countries so they have to make sure they consider ethical factors when doing their work. This means that they need to make sure they do not offend any cultures. For example if they are working in a Muslim country they may need to make sure that any food there would have to be halal. If things like these are not kept in mind it can give a bad image to the charity and people may not want to support it.
This can affect customers because they will want to be in a safe environment when shopping. They don’t want to feel that they have a chance to maybe slip or trip.
This can also affect volunteers because they will want to be working in a safe environment.
This can affect people who are receiving the help because if they have not thought about the culture when doing the work in their area they may feel offended.
Employment Laws and Changes in Employee Work Patterns (Political) Contract of employment is an agreement between an employer and employee which includes details such as amount of pay, hours of work and holiday pay entitlement. This law varies between the job title and what the job consists of. A change in employee work patterns can be when employees are offered part time work. An example of this law would be minimum wage. This ensures fair wages. Minimum wage is currently £6.50 for people 21 and over, £5.13 for people aged between 18 to 20, £3.79 for people under the age of 18 and for apprenticeships it is £2.73 but it can vary. Employment laws have a large impact on the business Tesco. They can impact Tesco by having an escalation of number of hours that employees have to work. This can affect Tesco because they would have to increase their wages for employees as they are working more hours. This law holds limitations on the amount of hours an employee can work. Tesco have to follow the amount of hours that employees can work. The working hours for employees are 20-39 hours a week. The owners must allow employees to take regular breaks so they aren’t tired. Holiday pay is another example of an employment law, Holiday pay is done to make sure the employee is getting the right amount of pay. Tesco must follow this law because it says that Tesco has to pay employees while they are on holiday, this affects the business as they are paying money to those who are not working. This can affect the profits of the business as it will decrease because employees are not working but they are still getting paid. The stakeholders who are affected are the employees and the owners of the business. The employees are affected as they can get more money depending on how many workers work this can also be a disadvantage as if they are working a lot of hours then they get less of their own time. The owners can be affected because they are the ones paying the employees. The employments laws have a small impact on Oxfam. This is because the majority of people that work for the organization are volunteers. However they do have workers that they must pay also but there are not many of them. For the workers that they have to pay they must ensure that they are paying the minimum wage. This affects Oxfam as a whole as they are a non-profit organisation meaning they mainly rely on the public to support them. The owners must allow employees to take regular breaks so they aren’t tired. Holiday pay is another example of an employment law, Holiday pay is done to make sure the employee is getting the right amount of pay. Oxfam must follow this law because it says that Oxfam has to pay employees while they are on holiday, this affects the business as they are paying money to those who are not working. This can affect the profits of the business as it will decrease because employees are not working but they are still getting paid.
The employees are affected because they can get more money depending on how many workers work this can also be a disadvantage as if they are working a lot of hours then they get less of their own time.
The owners can be affected because they are the ones paying the employees.
Internet and e-commerce (Technological)all commercial activity on the internet, including auctioning, placing orders, making payments, transferring funds, and collaborating with trading partners. This can expand businesses to more customers. This can have a positive impact on the business because this will mean that they are expanding their business and making everything easier for customer so their sales can increase and their customer base can increase. Their online websites means that people can make purchases from the comfort of their own home so they just need Tesco to bring the product for them. This increases the revenue that Tesco has. This can mean that Tesco will have to buy delivery vans and fuel for them to be able to deliver the products. This can eat in to the profits of Tesco. They might need to pay for things like domain names and their payment provider which can also cut in to the costs.
This can affect customers positively because they will be buying products from the comfort of their house so they will not need to be leaving their house.
This can affect the government because there will be more employees which means that there will be more tax paid. Also more employees will mean that the business will be developing more.
This can affect the owners because their income can be increasing and they will have more costs to pay because of employee wages and other things but there will be extra sales. This has a positive impact on the business. This affects their activities as the websites allow them to attract more supports. Some people want to donate want to donate from the comfort of their own home so this means that Oxfam can start to receive more donations. They can also be using internet to show what work they have done and what peoples donations are being used for. Overall it would give Oxfam a better chance to raise more money which they could use to expand and achieve their goals.
This can affect volunteers/employees because the website means Oxfam would require less staff. This would then save them money as they would be paying less money in the form of wages, which can be used to expand.
The customers are also affected because they can donate from their own home and will not have to leave their house to support the charity.
Government type and stability (Political) The government is the people who run Britain. It is responsible for developing and creating laws which affect Britain. Stability: See if it is stable enough. Stability is the ability of a substance to remain unchanged over time under stated or reasonably expected conditions of storage and use. This can have an impact on the business because the type of government in the country can have a large impact on Tesco’s activities. Because there are different policies with different governments. Tesco have to follow all their rules. An example is the government spending policy which has an impact on how much money Tesco are spending. This would affect the business because they would have to think how they will stay within the guidelines of spending. Another factor from the government that affects Tesco is tax they have to pay. This then affects the amount of profit they make as they are paying a percentage of it to the government. The stability of the government also has effect on Tesco. If the government is in debt or something they may ask for higher amounts of tax to pay the debts. It is also important that Tesco are stable as if not they would have a problem selling their goods. This is because they would have a bad image meaning people might not want to buy from Tesco. This in the long run can result in Tesco losing money and eventually going out of business.
The owners are affected by this factor because they will have to make sure that the business is following all the rules.
The government is affected because they have to keep watch over Tesco and monitor their activities and make sure that they are following all the rules. If they are not then they will have to take action against them. This can have an impact on the business because the type of government in the country can have a large impact on Oxfam’s activities. . Because there are different policies with different governments. Oxfam have to follow all their rules. As Oxfam are a non-profitable organisation they need backing from many places. One way they receive backing is from the government as they get 30p for every £1 they make (this is called gift aid). This mean because Oxfam are a worldwide charity they are able to receive money from supporters and extra funds from the governments of the countries they serve in. this is good for the charity because they can get more money which they can spend to fulfil their aims and objectives. The charity has to follow laws to make sure about things like they are using the donations equally. It is important for Oxfam to have a stable relationship with the government as if they did not it could result in them losing the backing.
The owners are affected by this because as it is in their best interest to ensure that Oxfam are raising enough money to fulfil their aims.
This affects the government because there money is going out to support the charity.
R&D activity (Technological) Research and development is a specific group of activities within a business. This factor is run by the government. This can be information that helps to improve existing products and to create new products. It can take a lot of time because of a lot of research. This can have an impact on the business because it can make the business better by research being done and better products and services offered to the customer. This will have a positive impact on the business because the customers will be happy on the development of products so they will want to buy the products and there can be more sales so the income will increase.
This affects customers because they will receive better quality and new products so they will be happy.
This affects employees because they will have to do more work and more research to increase the quality of products.
This affects the owners because they will get more income so they will be happy because they will have an increase of profit. This can have an impact on the business because by doing research they will know how to make the customers want to support the charity and can find causes that they can try to help. They can also find new ways to receive donations and make the business more interactive with customers to expand and try to fulfil the aims and objectives of the business. For example they would research the public’s behaviour and then develop their services so that they attract more people to give money.
This affects customers because they will want to support the business more and might donate more because of the new improvements the business has.
1. Global communications (Technological) International communication (also referred to as global communication or transnational communication) is the communication practice that occurs across international borders. The need for international communication was due to the increasing effects and influences of globalization. International business may use this to talk to supplier or customers from people outside of the country they are based in. This can affect the business because they can expand the business by talking to people within different countries and find suppliers from other countries to find cheaper suppliers and to try to find people to sell their products in different countries to increase the business. They can also do this to maybe contact things like international borders to clear the customs of the shipping of their products.
This can affect employees/owners because they might be the ones who are doing the communication. This can affect the business because it is an international company and they might need to communicate over a variety of countries. For example this could be about a new uniform that will represent the organisation or a new campaign that people can donate to.
This can affect employees/owners because they might be the ones who are doing the communication.