...The Decision of the Supreme Court on the PPACA Constitutionality The Decision of the Supreme Court on the PPACA Constitutionality From the moment the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was just in its proposal stage, it proved to be the most argued upon piece of US legislation of the last decades. It stirred controversy among the general public, medical professionals, raising concerns of various nature, including public health, legal, and ethical, to the delight of hundreds of political analysts. “Chief Justice Roberts has handed a political weapon to the Republicans, who can portray the PPACA as a major tax increase. Another potentially disturbing element of Chief Justice Roberts's opinion is the limitations he places on the federal spending power… The federal government could place conditions on the new Medicaid grants, Roberts argued, but could not threaten existing Medicaid funding without being unconstitutionally coercive. This part of Roberts's opinion is unfortunate, making it more likely that a few red states will reject the Medicaid expansion for no compelling reason.” (Lemieux, 2012) From the public health perspective, the decision of the Supreme Court does not seem beneficial. It is obvious that PPACA was intended to address the social inequalities that prevent millions of low income, uninsured citizens to benefit of decent health care. The law aims to accomplish the following major tasks:...
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...Organizational Responsibility and Current Health Care Issues Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Health Law and Ethics Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act History “After the enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in March 2010, numerous lawsuits challenging various provisions of the momentous health care reform law were filed in the federal courts. Many of those cases were dismissed, but some federal appellate courts issued decisions on the merits of the law. In November 2011, the United States Supreme Court agreed to consider several issues related to the constitutionality of the ACA arising out of two cases in the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals” (The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation). Headline news featured the highly controversial Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), also referred to as Obamacare, during the week of 25-June-2012. In response to health care crises in the United States, PPACA advanced to the forefront. “[W]e must also address the crushing cost of health care. This is a cost that now causes a bankruptcy in America every thirty seconds. By the end of the year, it could cause 1.5 million Americans to lose their homes. In the last eight years, premiums have grown four times faster than wages. And in each of these years, one million more Americans have lost their health insurance. It is one of the major reasons why small businesses close their doors and corporations ship jobs overseas. And...
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...industry profitability | Economic trends: | | | With the maintenance of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, manufacturers will face a 2.3 percent excise tax on all devices they produce. | Neg | With the 2.3 percent tax added on many companies will see their revenue will go down with the PPACA enforcing this rule upon the industry. | Medical device volume is increasing | Pos | With the PPACA providing insurance coverage for millions of Americans, the volume of medical devices is projected to go up and will lead to less rivalry and more business for all. | Legal and political trends: | | | Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | Pos | Ensure that the medicines and medical devices patients use are safe and effective leading away from law suits and mal practice claims. So with the FDA making rules for the medical device industry liabilities can be avoided. | House Republicans tried to have the tax repealed, drafting a bill called the Protect Medical Innovation Act | Neg | With the Democratic senate party blocking the bill this builds tension between both parties and also makes the industry frustrated with total tax reaching $20 billion. | Ethical issues: | | | Beneficence: Do good for all. | Neg/Pos | With technology being a leading factor in curing and treating patients the medical devices industry is for the better good which is positive, but for those that are uninsured or underinsured availability to the product is scare or to expensive leading...
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...regard to Medicare and Medicaid. Pay-for-performance has effects on both the quality and efficiency of health care delivery, although its overall impact it a matter of debate. There are studies that show improvement in quality of care in some areas, and others that show no difference in outcomes. There may even be negative repercussions and ethical issues stemming from the enactment of these initiatives. The goal will be to revise and adapt the system within the evolving health care landscape in order to provide the best outcomes possible for both providers and consumers. Pay-for-performance Pay-for-performance is an incentive program defined by the Health Care Incentives Improvement Institute as, “a term that describes health-care payment systems that offer financial rewards to providers who achieve, improve, or exceed their performance on specified quality and cost measures, as well as other benchmarks” (Pay for Performance, 2012). Pay-for-performance has become a popular tool to attempt to improve quality and efficiency in health care. It is becoming more widespread with the enactment of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), as it expands pay-for-performance programs. Long-term patient indicators are very difficult to measure, so performance measurement tools concentrate on short-term goals and chronic disease management benchmarks. Indicators may include specific chronic disease management markers, such as decreasing hemoglobin A1c levels in diabetic...
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...Research Database YOU SEARCHED : Affordable Care Act research topics 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [...] Universal Health Care, A Moral Duty This 11 page research paper offers a current overview of the issues associated with the topic of universal healthcare provision and the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Universal health care as a moral and ethical duty is stressed. Bibliography lists 11 sources. Minimum Wage, Healthcare Reform A 3 page research paper that covers two topics. The first half of the paper presents the history of the federally mandated minimum wage, and the second half discusses the Supreme Court's announcement that it will rule on the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act's required mandate for all Americans to purchase health insurance. Bibliography lists 2 sources. ESRD in NC, Access to Care for Underprivileged A 4 page research paper that examines the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) and how it impacts care for underprivileged patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Bibliography lists 2 sources. Health Care Changes Resulting from the PPACA In a paper of ten pages, the author writes about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The author of this paper considers four changes within health care as a result of the act including changes of private insurance, changes for the state regulations, the individual mandate provision, also age related coverage and preexisting conditions. There are three sources cited...
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...Ethical Dilemma Paper: Health Care Reform Ethics stands for morality. Morals involve having a sense of right and wrong, good and bad; all are notions that affect the human conscience. Morals inspire rules of actions. In today’s health care with longer life spans, increased dependency on technology advancements, diversity and staff shortages, new demands for collaborations are creating challenges for health care professionals. Health care departments and professionals are there to improve care, provide treatment services, and outcomes, professionals must recognize and respect the rights of each patient and conduct business in an ethical manner. With today’s health care reform is this standard being compromised? Why has this health care reform struck such ethical controversy? Is it because politicians desired to gain the peoples vote against their opponents with Obamacare? Maybe politician’s moral beliefs and values were not to benefit all. In 2010 ethical challenges were brought on when the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) a federal statue was signed into law by President Obama, requiring U.S. citizens and legal residents to have health insurance and be qualifying health insurance. Congress and the President passed legislation that reduces payments for health care professionals and increases penalties for citizens and businesses, pushing health care providers to nearly being bankrupt, further risking accessibility for all Americans. Health care is defined...
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...Statement of the Issue Providing appropriate access to affordable healthcare has been an ongoing challenge for the United States’ health system. The U.S. Census Bureau report noted approximately 49 million Americans did not have healthcare coverage in 2011. Moving forward, coverage options are expected to improve for some given the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in 2011. While the PPACA was originally expected to extend coverage to approximately 32 million uninsured through individual mandates, the creation of state health insurance exchanges with public subsidized coverage and expansion of Medicaid, the Supreme Court decision that Medicaid expansion is a state option will likely reduce the number of newly covered individuals. Even as healthcare reform decreases the number of uninsured and defines mandated benefits, the problem of access to affordable care will be exacerbated by limited community-based resources that provide preventive services, primary care access and ongoing care for patients with chronic conditions. In response, there will be a need to increase capacity to serve more patients, while improving outcomes, reducing health disparities and becoming more efficient—all within the context of significant challenges to receiving adequate payment levels. Healthcare executives are committed to facilitating in the effort to enroll individuals in emerging coverage options and expanding needed services to help ensure access to affordable care...
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...SHOULD COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE BE INTEGRATED INTO MAINSTREAM MEDICAL PRACTICES IN THE UNITED STATES October 29, 2015 The health industry in the United States (US) over the last decades has gone through tremendous changes more specifically the passing of the 2012 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). The healthcare movement in terms of medical treatment has evolved as a result of increased in chronic illnesses, pain management, injuries and illnesses associated with rare diseases. As a result, more and more Americans are seeking unconventional or unorthodoxy forms of treatment to manage their illnesses. While there are millions of established medical orthodoxy medicines and treatments, patients of the above illnesses are migrating towards complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) also known as alternative and complementary medicine (ACM). The prevalence of CAM has gained significant attention among policymakers, insurance firms, and stakeholders. The advancement of CAM in the US presents a fundamental problem in the health care system. This problem indicated that practitioners lack responsibility for population health outcomes and health care spending (Cohen, 2006). In this paper, I will examine CAM and identify some of the legal aspects of CAM, whether it should be integrated into mainstream America medical practices and analyze cases where CAM was incorporated with conventional medicines or used as a substitute treatment option...
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...Place matters in the United States. Access to affordable high-quality healthcare depends upon where you live. Throughout rural America, nearly 50 million people face challenges in accessing health care. The past several decades have consistently shown higher rates of poverty, mortality, and limited access to a primary health care provider in rural areas. With the recent economic downturn, there is potential for an increase in many of the healthcare disparities and access concerns that are already elevated in rural communities. High poverty rates and job loss in the current economic recession highlight the challenges of accessing health care and rising health care costs in rural areas. Rates of poverty are higher, with fifteen percent of people in rural areas living below the poverty level compared to twelve percent of people in urban areas. The rural economy is dominated by small businesses, which are struggling as the cost of healthcare continues to skyrocket. In the current recession, the rural economy is losing jobs at a faster rate than the rest of the nation, and loss of jobs can lead to loss of healthcare coverage. In particular, rural communities dependent on manufacturing have lost nearly five percent of their jobs since the recession began. Many rural residents work part-time, seasonally, or for themselves, making them less likely to have private, employer-sponsored health care benefits. Research shows that ninety percent of farmers have insurance coverage;...
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...Health Policy Political Competence Political Competence Senior executives from a variety of organizations are often called to testify about health policy issues. It is in the organization’s best interest if these executives are both politically competent and good corporate citizens. As long as the organizations executives are politically competent and good corporate citizens, whatever statement the corporate representative gives has to be creditable. This means that the representative has to have good ethics, uphold good community responsibility and must show the same level of respect. Although confusing, health policies are the orientation to the health facility by addressing the problems that can be changed. Issues must be identified and executives have to understand the problem and be guided by a model when resolving the issue. Senior executives have to participate in the political process and understand the rules of politics. Excellent executives are able to guild people through excellent ideas and they can generate great results. They must be willing to take action and create the change that is needed, employees need to feel secure and political competence allows them to move forward. In general terms, what knowledge, skills, and individual behaviors must an executive have to politically competent and to be good corporate citizens? The individual must present themselves in a high standard of honesty, have excellent communication skills and most important have...
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...Running Head: Fraud and Abuse Fraud and Abuse in the U.S. Healthcare System Tenisha Howard Keller Graduate Professor Cutspec June 12, 2011 Background People can be affected by healthcare fraud and abuse directly and indirectly. Fraud is defined as an intentional deception, false statement or misrepresentation made by a person with the knowledge that the deception could result in unauthorized benefit to oneself or another person. It includes any act that constitutes fraud under applicable federal or state law. Abuse is defined as practices that are inconsistent with professional standards of care; medical necessity; or sound fiscal, business, or medical practices. Intent is the key distinction between Fraud and Abuse. An allegation of waste and abuse can escalate into a fraud investigation if a pattern of intent is determined (B, Tom). Both, fraud and abuse can be committed by physicians, patients, and private insurers. Situations of fraud and abuse that occur in our healthcare system are billing for services that have not been provided, overbilling for services provided, and misdiagnosing health conditions in order to avoid financial responsibility for the proper treatment of illnesses. Define the Problem What can decrease the high costs of premiums and co payments? With the decrease of fraud and abuse, premiums and co payments would not be high. Who pays for fraud and abuse healthcare bill? Medicaid and Medicare are the two federal programs that are...
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... Executive summary According to the US Congress in 2010, President Obama made the PPACA a law but still this act does not include the undocumented aliens in the medical coverage. This report reviews the rights of the undocumented aliens to healthcare and hoe this can be improved. This research discovered that the undocumented aliens have limited access to health care due to lack of identity papers. This is due to the fact that they earn very low income and medical insurance coverage is lower for the undocumented aliens. As a result, they rely on the safety-net medical care providers such as social health centers as this centers continue to provide care for the undocumented aliens. This research also reviews the limitations and problems faced by the undocumented aliens in accessing health care and as a result the ploys they use to access medical care. The findings of this research show that they mostly rely on treating themselves with over counter drugs or in the cases of extremes they use unofficial networks to seek treatment. Also, it is evident that they would do anything to safeguard their cover from being discovered and these results in stress and psychological disorders. Another finding is that despite the healthcare reforms, undocumented aliens still have no rights to access health care compared to the US citizens. This research recommends designing of programs which focus on the issue of undocumented aliens being excluded from the medical care reform. Designing this...
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...Financial Analysis Name: Medtronic, Inc. (NYSE- MDT) Principal Office: 710 Medtronic Pkwy., N.E. Minneapolis, MN 55432, (763) 514-4000 Website: www.medtronic.com NAICS: 325412: Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing Primary SIC: 3845- Electromedical and Electrotherapeutic Apparatus Manufacturing Secondary SIC: 339112- Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing. Auditor: PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, New York, NY Primary Bank: Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Minneapolis, MN Company started: 1949 Number of Employees: 45,499 Table of Contents: Sl. | Topics | Page | 1 | General Description of Medtronic Inc. | 1 | 2 | Challenges 2.a. Medical Device Industry2.b. Medtronic Inc. | 3 | 3 | Ethical issues | 5 | 4 | Financial Analysis4.a. Financial Analysis of 10K 4.b.Cost and expenses analysis 4.c. Financial Ratios | 689 | 5 | Industry/Competitor Analysis | 11 | 6 | Conclusion | 13 | 7 | Bibliography | 14 | By Geethapriya Setty (100918266) Address: 1300 Hennepin Ave, Apt M101, Minneapolis, Minnesota-55403 Section 1: General Description of Medtronic Inc. Medtronic Inc., a medical technology company, was founded in 1949 by Earl Bakken and Palmer Hermundslie. It was incorporated in 1957 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. They were the first to create a wearable cardiac pacemaker in 1957. They have been able to expand their business from a small repair company, which serviced medical equipment...
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...STUDY GUIDE for C475 Care of Older Adult Objective Assessment Exam questions are taken from the Learning Objectives under the 9 Competencies: #1 Competency 742.1.1: Compassionate and Respectful Care of Older Adults The graduate integrates principles of compassion and respect for patients and their families into the planning and delivery of care to a diverse population of older adults and into advocacy for vulnerable older adults. This topic addresses the following learning objectives: * Recognize the impact of attitudes, values, and expectations about aging. * Describe how the RN’s personal beliefs and values may impact the care of older adults. * Articulate the concept of individualized care as the standard of practice with older adults, considering the right care, at the right time, in the right place and by the right provider of care. * Define Baby Boomers (those born from 1946–1964) reach retirement age (as of 2011) A large group of people born between 1946 and 1964, in the time after the Second World War. * What are the five racial groups listed in your text? African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander/Asian, Hispanic, White * How would you perform discharge teaching to an Hispanic patient Teach the family as well because more than likely, pt is going home and family is his/her primary caregivers. * Apply effective and respectful communication strategies in the care of older adults and their...
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...STUDY GUIDE for C475 Care of Older Adult Objective Assessment Exam questions are taken from the Learning Objectives under the 9 Competencies: #1 Competency 742.1.1: Compassionate and Respectful Care of Older Adults The graduate integrates principles of compassion and respect for patients and their families into the planning and delivery of care to a diverse population of older adults and into advocacy for vulnerable older adults. This topic addresses the following learning objectives: * Recognize the impact of attitudes, values, and expectations about aging. * Describe how the RN’s personal beliefs and values may impact the care of older adults. * Articulate the concept of individualized care as the standard of practice with older adults, considering the right care, at the right time, in the right place and by the right provider of care. * Define Baby Boomers * What are the five racial groups listed in your text? * How would you perform discharge teaching to an Hispanic patient * Apply effective and respectful communication strategies in the care of older adults and their families. * List some of the changes of aging that could affect therapeutic communication * Note the ways to communicate or assist a patient with disabilities such as hearing deficits, vision impairments, or aphasia and dysarthria. Be familiar with the types of hearing devices. How should you address the older adult during therapeutic communication? ...
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