...axiomatic that Pakistan and India share a turbulent and complex, if also short, history. While the dynamics of the relationship may shift from time to time, numerous existential issues remain in place. Characterised by mistrust, contrasting interests and the oft-quoted ‘missed opportunities’, the bloodshed of 1947 has been replaced by a more diverse set of issues that continue to mar the relationship. Kashmir has come to exemplify the classic case of a territorial dispute between neighbouring countries in the modern world composed of nation States. Extended hostile periods have only been sporadically separated by periods of relative peace – interludes that many hoped would prolong into perpetuity. But failures of State, internal conflicts, deep-rooted differences and perhaps unavoidable circumstances have meant that these spells of tranquillity remain mere specks of light in an otherwise dark corridor, at best offering missed opportunities. In studying the Pakistan-India ties, it is simplistic but also convenient to divide them into phases with regard to important junctures in South Asian history. None of the occasions that gave rise to optimism could ultimately become the watershed they were built up to be. The most recent such case was in 2004; following a prolonged period of military standoff, there began a ‘peace process’ led by President Musharraf and Prime Minister Vajpayee. This phase was significant since it allowed for a more systematic approach to negotiations by adopting...
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...Aamna Mallick ERP: 09189 International Relations -Position Paper Pakistan India relations - positive Pakistan and India are the two inextricably linked neighbors that are engaged in a stagnated relationship since the last 68 years. The hostile attitude of the two religious entities living in the united South Asia left a grave impression on each other’s minds. The events of the past have shaped the sentiments of today. The narrative of the general public stands that India is our enemy. A survey by Pew Research Center (based in Washington) reveals rising concern among Pakistanis about a threat to their country from India. We see contempt and hatred for the Indians in the general masses. Pakistanis believe that Pakistan and India can in no way...
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...After more than fifty years of Independence, India and Pakistan tackle numerous obstinate predicaments that the British marooned for these novel countries to settle. Kashmir lives to be the solitary of the many legacies of their distrust and uncertainty. The origins of the calamity extend to the tragic partition of the two countries in 1947, when the British government departed India after a rule of 250-years characterized by mistreatment and divide and conquer approaches. The British Empire’s divisive strategies, which were intended to generate rifts between Hindus and Muslims in order to attenuate any potential cohesive opposing forces. This began in the early 1900s, when the British started to dread the perceived mounting potency of the Hindu nationalist movement. In order to repress the perils, the British government began to vigorously support the Muslim League, a political party led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah who aimed to signify the subcontinent’s Muslim interests. The British pinned these two groups adjacent to one another, and eventually the Muslim League was compelled to stipulate the creation of a separate state, to be called Pakistan, because they believed that their interests would not be portrayed in a Hindu majority India. The severance of both countries paved a way to their joint antagonism into three wars (of which two were directly over Kashmir), which have affected their alliance till today. On August 15, 1947 the British left the realms of India, leaving behind...
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...University of central Punjab Project title: Unemployment in Pakistan Assigned by: Rizwan Pasha Assigned to: Ali Haider 0043 Abrar Hussain 0057 Waleed Adil 0066 MBA 1-B Definition of 'Unemployment' Unemployment occurs when a person who is actively searching for employment is unable to find work. Unemployment is often used as a measure of the health of the economy. The most frequently cited measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate. This is the number of unemployed persons divided by the number of people in the labor force. Unemployment in Pakistan: It is a universal problem, even the most advanced & prosperous countries of the world like USA, Britain & Japan are confronted with this problem. As a matter of fact, it is impossible to provide jobs to all. Honestly speaking, this problem exists in our country in an alarming degree. It is a fact that one person out of ten is out of work in Pakistan. The problem is serious in our country because we have unemployment among all the sections of our society among the educated & uneducated, among the skilled & unskilled. It is most unfortunate that highly qualified & professional persons like doctors, engineers & teachers are without jobs. It is painful to see them wandering from door to door in search of jobs. Many of them have gone abroad and are serving the people of other countries. It is estimated that more than a million people are entering the...
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...to wear traditional dress and headscarves. Businessmen/women wear very conventional suits/dresses all year round. During the hot summer months, light or tropical weight dress/suits and shirts with ties are the usual attire for business people. Women will need light clothing during the summer. Foreign women are generally exempt from many social customs, and wearing baggy trousers and shirt, or long skirts are generally acceptable. Do not ask for pork. Pakistan is a Muslim country where pork is considered unclean. Alcohol is officially banned, although it can be found in some hotels, to be consumed on the premises only. Women business travellers Women are expected to dress soberly and act discreetly. A headscarf is essential when visiting holy places. Caution should be exercised when visiting Karachi, which is the scene of sporadic violence. Modes of address Normal western forms of address are accepted and used. Handshakes are a customary greeting. Language English is official language to conduct business Pakistan. Meetings and Presentations Appointments should be made in advance, and it is customary to shake hands on meeting and taking leave, though some businessmen may prefer not to shake hands with female business visitors. Business cards are exchanged after introduction. Visitors should make themselves familiar with local customs and care should be taken to respect Muslim conventions. It is the convention to use the right and not the left hand when shaking...
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...Pakistan and china relations Submitted to: Miss. Ayesha hanif Submitted by: Myrah Anwaar 43 Sidra Awan 38 Sara Amjad 40 Ridha Masood 32 Aimen Siddique 36 Javaria Jamil 02 Table of Contents Executive summary: i China: 1 Pakistan 1 Introduction: 2 Background : 3 Sino-Indian war: 4 Timeline of Important events: 5 Diplomatic relations: 6 China support on Kashmir issues: 6 Sino Pakistan boundary agreement 6 China –us relation with the help of Pakistan 7 China support after 9/11 8 Trade relations: 10 Free Trade Agreement: 10 Exports: 12 Imports: 13 Kashgar Special Economic Zone (KSEZ): 14 Thar Coal Project: 15 Influence of china-india trade relation on pakistan : 15 Pakistan-china military relation 17 China and Pakistan defense ties 17 The Indian influence in military relations: 19 GEO-STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTAN 20 Location of Gwadar port: 20 CONSTRUCTION OF GWADAR PORT: 20 GEO-STRATEGIC...
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...Major Export Markets: * Afghanistan * India * African Countries * Middle Eastern Countries * Iraq Cement contribution to Pakistan and types of cement: http://korea.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=254067068126022003113002086030082105022014038021002005108125075028021077000124074120033036018034122000060029112013006095005012025085028077060107095090096021075023071014042085123068105067114118084025004107115125119114080119018079109077006119118098068029&EXT=pdf 1. It constitutes 3 percent of the overall manpower of the country. 2. The cement industry of Pakistan generates significant revenue of Rs. 30 billion 3. The cement Industry of Pakistan makes a significant contribution of Rs.100 billion in the Gross Domestic Product of Pakistan. 4. The Pakistani cement industry has a surplus production capacity of approximately 12 million tonnes of cement and if this capacity is utilized, the additional produced cement could be exported in order to earn foreign exchange of approximately US Dollars 750 million. 5. Geographically north regions captures about 83% of the total share of cement while south region has a share of around 17% productions. 6. Portland cement with the share of approximately 90% to 94%. Furthermore, the other major types of cement product by plants in Pakistan also include Sulphate Resisting Cement, Blast Furnace Slag Cement and White Cement. This means that competition is based on proximity to raw materials and markets and it tends...
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...relations between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh are influenced by the fact that Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971, when it achieved independence after the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. As part of historical Shimla Agreement, India sought to make sure that Pakistan would take steps to recognize Bangladesh. Pakistan sought China's help in blocking Bangladesh's entry into United Nations until 1974. Behind the scene India rallied behind Bangladesh to help gain international recognition. By end of March 1973, approximately 99 countries had recognized Bangladesh.[1] Pakistan eventually recognised Bangladesh in 1974. History Liberation war and independence After the partition of British Indian Empire by the United Kingdom in 1947, Bangladesh was integrated in Pakistan which was known as East Bengal until 1955 and thereafter as East-Pakistan following the One Unit program. Bilateral relations between the two wings grew strained over the lack of official recognition for the Bengali language, democracy, regional autonomy, disparity between the two wings, ethnic discrimination, and the central government's weak and inefficient relief efforts after the 1970 Bhola cyclone, which had affected millions in East Pakistan. These grievances led to several political agitations in East Bengal and ultimately a fight for full independence. In March 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces began "Operation Searchlight...
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...Illuminer, Inc. Country, Market Entry & Strategy Analysis: India & Pakistan This report has been prepared for Illuminer, Inc. a manufacturer of tablets and smartphones. Their smartphones and tablets are assembled in China and then shipped across the world. The company primarily has market share in western markets, specifically the US and across several EU countries. However, as competition is tight between smartphone and tablet manufacturers in more developed western nations, Illuminer has decided to hire KLFH, LLP to explore market potential in two countries with growing 3 and 4G networks – Pakistan and India . Both have telecom companies that have burgeoning data-capable networks and millions of subscribers that would be ripe for Illuminer’s product lines. Illuminer has also asked KLFH to specifically look at two cities for this analysis, as they would serve as test markets for their entry into the country. To this purpose, KLFH has chosen the capital of both nations, New Dehli and Islamabad, for their additional research. KLFH has completed the following country comparison and market entry and strategy analysis, detailed below. Country and City Overviews India India is a highly populous country with a population of 1.21 billion. As the world’s population increases, India still plays an important role because of the fact that India holds over 15% of the overall population in the world. India is a country that has a rather young age group with a median age of 25. Since...
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...Religion Politics and War in the Middle East William Moore The overwhelming majority of people living in the Middle East nations are Muslim and the realm is the birthplace of Christianity. The Muslim culture continues to pressure the Cristian followers to convert, leave the realm, or be killed. The disagreements, fighting, and killings continue to exist and there does not seem to be a resolution for peace with these people living in the Middle East. According to Ismail, K. (September 22, 2013), a suicide attack in Peshawar, Pakistan on a Christian church killed 78 people and wounded more than 120. The attack happened when the Christian worshipers were dismissed from the service. At this time, all of a sudden, an explosion occurred followed by another. Of the 78 killed, 34 included women and 7 children. The attack coincided with a broader wave of attacks on religious minorities, including Shiite Muslims this year. In March, a Muslim mob swarmed through a Christian neighborhood in the eastern city of Lahore, burning two churches and more than 100 houses. Christians also frequently find themselves accused of blasphemy under Pakistan’s strict blasphemy laws. The attacks are mostly orchestrated by Sunni extremist militant groups, although some have also been claimed by the Pakistani Taliban. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has been trying to initiate peace talks with the Pakistani Taliban, aimed at ending a decade of violence. Mr. Khan said he believed that the bombings were an...
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...SAARC Ministerial Declaration on Cooperation in Combating Terrorism ***** We, the Foreign Ministers of Member States of SAARC, are deeply concerned about the continuing scourge of terrorism afflicting the region which has caused extensive social disharmony, loss of human life, destruction and damage to property. Terrorism poses a serious threat to peace and cooperation, and friendly and good neighbourly relations. It jeopardises the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of States, while constituting a serious violation of fundamental human rights. We renew our commitment to strengthening comprehensive region-wide cooperation among SAARC Member States to combat and eliminate all forms and manifestations of terrorism and in this context affirm the need to reinforce further the regional legal regime and instituting pragmatic cooperation to address this issue effectively. We also recognise that our cooperation shall proceed on the basis of sovereign equality, mutual respect and the principles of non-intervention and non-interference in the internal affairs of Member States consistent with the SAARC Charter. As we meet in Colombo, at the Thirty-first Session of the Council of Ministers, we solemnly declare and agree to undertake the following measures of cooperation: 1. We reiterate our commitment to implement measures against organising, instigating, facilitating, financing, fund raising, encouraging, tolerating and providing training for or otherwise...
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...Whenever I hear the word "Kashmir," all I can think is of conflicts, wars, blood and yes, India and Pakistan. We all know what all has happened over the years, and there seems to be no solution to the unending drama, fake promises and conspiracy. Even after decades we still stand on the borders of indo-pak fighting for so called peace and our right over Kashmir. It seems to me that the time has stopped, we haven't moved generations after generations have passed. we are still pondering over what is the root cause. Authorities come and go, positions change, mindsets change but the issue remains the same. From secret negotiations in hotel rooms of Dubai & Bangkok to International summits, something which has changed is only the places. Sometimes I wonder If I will be ever able to see the light at the end of the tunnel. Is it so difficult to come to a concordance. Our life's have become part of this high profile drama which takes a new twist every now and then leaving nothing but blood on the streets. Kashmir is the most sensitive issue of our country and has been touched upon by almost everyone in the world but hasn't reached the level of a resolution. For how long we will just sit in front of our TV screens and see the innocent people getting slaughter on the roads for nothing. It's time for some action! I am desperate for an answer, I want to know how my country can be free from this man made disasters ( Read Nuclear wars, terrorist attacks) I know the issue is too big...
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...THE INDO-PAKISTAN WARS The Great Britain had ruled over India for more than a century and had much influence over the nation. During that period, the people of India struggled to gain freedom from the British rule which later became a reality on August 15, 1947. When the British government decided to leave India to function as an independent nation, there were many issues arising concerning the future of the newly independent state. The Hindu and Muslim communities of India already had an existing tension between them and so the independence from the Great Britain only stirred a sense of separatism amongst the two communities. The Muslim people wanted a separate Islamic state for themselves because they believed that Muslims would always be in the minority if they were in India because of its larger Hindu population. Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, the leaders of Indian National Congress did not want the Muslim community to form a separate state from India claiming that India was a secular state where all religion could live together under one nation. However, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the All-India Muslim League, was able to create an Islamic state for the Muslim people of India, also known as Pakistan today, through his negotiations and persistence before independence. Following the independence of India from the British rule and the partition of Pakistan from India, there have been three major wars fought between the two countries with continued tension going...
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... | |e | |Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts | | | The Kashmir conflict (Hindi: कश्मीर विवाद, Urdu: مسئلہ کشمیر) is a territorial disputebetween India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region, the northwesternmost region ofSouth Asia. India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir and as of 2010, administers approximately 43% of the region, including most of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley,Ladakh, and the Siachen Glacier. India's claims are contested by Pakistan, which controls approximately 37% of Kashmir, namely Azad Kashmir and the northern areas of Gilgit and Baltistan. India has officially stated that it believes that Kashmir is an integral part of India, though the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh, stated after the 2010 Kashmir Unrest that his government is willing to grant autonomy within the purview of Indian constitution to Kashmir if there is consensus on this issue.[1] Pakistan says that Kashmir is a disputed territory whose final status must be determined by the...
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...Water Scenario: Past, Present and Future of Pakistan By: Muhammed Zafir Zia Per capita availability of surface water in Pakistan is gradually dwindling from 5300 cubic meter in 1951 to 1000 cubic meters in 2005 and is projected to hit less than 1000 cubic meters making Pakistan a water short country Of all the major problems, water crisis is the one that lies at the heart of our survival and that of our planet. Experts project that the global water crisis will reach unprecedented levels in the years ahead in many parts of the developing world. The years ahead predict the threat of looming water wars between countries. According to figures published by the United Nations & other international organizations, 1.1bn people are without a sufficient access to water, and 2.4bn people have to live without adequate sanitation. Under current trends, the prognosis is that about 3bn people of a population of 8.5bn will suffer from water shortage by 2025. 83% of them will live in developing countries, mostly in rural areas where even today sometimes only 20% of the populations have access to a sufficient water supply. Fresh drinking water is not only a need of human beings, but equally important for the animals and agriculture throughout the world. This acute water shortage will be responsible in spreading diseases as contaminated water is the sole cause of nearly 80% infectious diseases. Hence the world has to take serious and concrete measures in order to avoid the water...
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