... BACKGROUND SUMMARY Avoid or responded to negative media coverage of an organization, public relations specialists write press releases and advise executives on the strategies and options available to deal with public perception about an organization. Utilized news management techniques, common known as 'spin,' to present a positive public image of the organization. Press secretaries often serve as the official spokesperson for a government department or a politician. MEMBERSHIPS * World Youth Alliance * National Youth Assembly * Human Rights Commission of Pakistan * International Association of Engineers * International Society for Environmental Information Sciences * International Safety Quality Environment Management Association EDUCATIONAL RECORD 1 S.S.C. From Warsak model school Peshawar (2004-2006) 1 DAE (Civil) Diploma of an Associate Civil Engineering Peshawar From Board of Technical Education Peshawar (2008-2010) 3 B.A (INTERNATIONALRELATONS) From Peshawar University 4 MA(Final) INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MAJOR COURSES IN MASTER OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS * History of International Relations * Public International Law * International Trade * Politics of International Economic Relations * Strategic Studies * Foreign Policies of Neighboring Countries * Pakistan in World Affairs WORKING EXPERIENCE Year | Position | Company/Factory | Job Description | ...
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...Berlin—Pakistan Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar called on the German Minister for Defence Thomas de Maizière here on Tuesday. In an hour long meeting which was held in an atmosphere of cordiality and spirit of cooperation, the two ministers expressed their satisfaction over growing bilateral cooperation in the field of Defence. They expressed the confidence that the MoU on bilateral defence cooperation, signed earlier this year, would help promote bilateral cooperation in defence. The two ministers also exchanged views on the situation in Afghanistan. Meanwhile Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar also met the Vice Chairman Foreign Relations Committee of the German Parliament Mr. Hans-Ulrich Klose. They discussed Pakistan-Germany bilateral relations, regional and international situation and Pakistan-Germany parliamentary relations. The Foreign Minister mentioned that Germany friendship group in Pakistan Parliament headed by Speaker National Assembly, has been established in the Parliament. Mr. Klose and Khar agreed on the need to establish a Pakistan Friendship Group in the German parliament. They also agreed on having more frequent parliamentary exchanges between the two countries. Foreign Minister expressed the hope that President of German Parliament would soon visit Pakistan on the outstanding invitation of Speaker of Pakistan’s National Assembly. Meanwhile, Pakistan Tuesday said it has taken “bold and unprecedented” steps to improve ties with “vital neighbour”...
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...International And Regional Organizations: | Pakistan’s Role In Organizations | | In this paper I have discussed the International and Regional Organizations. Moreover, I have discussed Pakistan’s Role in different Organizations i.e. South Asian Association For Regional Corporation, United Nations, Economic Co=operation Organization, Non Aligned Movement and Organization Of Islamic Conference. | | | | | Name: Class: Subject: Subj Code: Submitted To: Submission Date: International And Regional Organizations: Introduction: An international organization is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence. There are two types: International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs): non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that operate internationally. These include International non-profit organizations. Examples include the World Organization of the Scout Movement, International Committee of the Red Cross International corporations, referred to as multinational corporations. Intergovernmental organizations, also known as international governmental organizations (IGOs): the type of organization most closely associated with the term 'international organization', these are organizations that are made up primarily of sovereign states. Example includes the United Nations (UN). Recognized Regional Organizations (ROs) are independent bodies which share IFAC's mission and values and which, in many cases, share IFAC's membership. ROs play...
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...Essay Questions 1. How do the different actors in international system affect international relations? How do the different theories explain the role of these actors in the international system. The actors consist of state actors and non-state actors. Non-state actors and terrorism work outside the westphalian system and take power away from state sovereignty. They consist of terrorist groups, IGO’s like the European Union, NGO’s like multinational corporations. NGO’s increase interdependence and globalization. IGO’s bring about peace and spread democracy and war is not realistic. NGO’s even have the ability to remove state governments through public support and pressure placed on high ranking officials as shown in -----. They also have the power to hinder development of countries as shown in the Global South, but at the same time they provide many jobs for the economy. For state actors, the actions and decisions of states can effect profoundly the international because of polarity, hegemony, and economy. The Liberalist view would see non-state actors as a positive because they are bringing countries allowing them to work together through institutions increasing interdependence and globalization. Realists would say that these non-state actors are only out for self interest in profit and will use up resources taking advantage of wages whenever possible. Constructivist view would see terrorist groups specifically as falling under Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations...
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...foreign policy. He adopted this policy for various reasons, which may be divided into material and immaterial or spiritual reasons. The geographical and economic condition of India just after independence served as the material reasons for his favoring the policy of non-alignment. India’s next door neighbour on one side is People’s Republic of China and on the other is Pakistan, the arch enemy of India since her very emancipation from the British yoke. Nehru could easily realize that if India joins any of these two blocks, she would bring the rage of the other on her. It was indeed a crucial problem for the newly independent India and so he had chosen the path of non-alignment. Moreover, in order to guard her saturated post-independent economic condition India seriously needed the co-operation of both the big powers, U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. and their satellites the developed countries of Europe. Her entry into one bloc would not only make the members of the other bloc hostile to her interest but also might jeopardize her very independence. For this economic consideration India was really interested to extend her trade relation with the other countries of the world irrespective of their ideological difference. The spiritual cause was also there. Traditionally India was always against imperialism as because she had the bitter experience of colonial rule. That was why India shook off all pressure from within and without and remained non-aligned. Moreover, from the core...
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...Chapter 1: The problem and its background Introduction For a long time, India has viewed its sphere of influence as stretching far beyond the subcontinent itself but has had little ability to project this influence beyond its borders. It is only in the last few years that India has been able to become more influential both in the surrounding regions and the world at large. This was mainly anchored on its ‘look east policy’ initiated in the early 1990s that saw the country focus on the East Asia and Pacific regions as an economic framework for expanding ties and promoting economic growth. With the new expanded strategic vision – “Look East” policy 2, India has broadened the definition of its security interest in its strategic economic endeavors. It is generally seen that India’s partnership with ASEAN have had an impact on India’s economic, political, and security related involvement ‘in these larger, concentric coalitions around ASEAN…in East Asia and in the Asian Pacific’ (Gujral, 1996, p. 12). The look east policy has integrated a larger regionalization framework and strategy encompassing the Asia Pacific issues (Scott, 2007). WE ARE TECHNOLOGY THESIS EXPERTS! ORDER NOW! WWW.UKESSAYHUB.COM The Indians-ASEAN links do not only have economic frameworks but strategic underpinnings as well. As Scot (2007) has indicated, china has been a factor in all of the India’s initiatives albeit blurred in economic progressions. Some analysts have argued that the growing...
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...relating to peace and non-violence, but for the purpose of this essay only the area of international relations will be examined. “We are in a new millennium, and the time has come to review the age-old challenges with new thinking wherein we can conceive pf peace as not simply the absence of violence, but the active presence of the capacity for a higher evolution of the human awareness, of respect, trust, and integrity; wherein we all may tap the infinite capabilities of humanity to transform consciousness and conditions which impel or compel violence at a personal, group, or national level toward developing a new understanding of, and a commitment to, compassion and love, in order to create a “shining city on a hill”, a light of which is the light of nations”.[1] The Department of Peace and Nonviolence would consist of a Secretary who would be appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. The department would be staffed by six Assistant Secretaries and one General Counsel who would also be appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate. For the purpose of this essay three roles will be examined; that of the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary of International Peace Activities, and the Secretary for Arms Control and Disarmament. Again the legislation covers myriad of topics relating to peace and non-violence only those duties relating to the development of international peace will be examined. The legislation also call for the creation of a peace academy...
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...“monocausal mania” with multi-causal syntheses (John Ruggie,1989). Exogenous causes of state behavior as varying domestic interests, collective beliefs, and international institutions and norms tend to trump the effects of material power that is the core commitment of realism. Hence, there is a high tendency of differentiation between classical realists and realists who aknowledge that international politics are not independent from law, morality and economics. An example of this self-conscious dichotomy is the distinquish of realist and non-realist elements by Morgenthau in Politics among Nations. Morgenthau’s view in realist elements is exclusively summarized in the power struggle and political independence that truly resemble the state of nature described by Hobbes: ....’’ International politics would be governed solely by...considerations of political expediency...In such a world the weak would be at the mercy of the strong’’. In regards to Morgenthau and his historical predessesors from the Thucydides to Waltz, recent formulations of realism are minimalist depending to five basic assumptions 1. States are the primary actors in international politics 2. The fixed political expediency seeks the duo of secure and power: egotistical goals regarding territorial integrity and expand in the international environment 3. Self help is the primary state behavior in reaction to the anarchic external environment. Minimal realism depends on the claim of Watz that...
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...Henry Kissinger’s World Order asks, if today’s leaders can rise above their own definition of world “order”, to achieve peace and global stability. Especially when the “balance of power” is constantly threatened by anarchy and chaos. The reason Kissinger, makes this his core enquiry, is because it addresses a challenge that the human race faces today, one that it might fear the most- a total global chaos. Kissinger uses conflict between different nations as the premise to his argument. He does so by looking at the historical experience of different civilizations, even going back to the Dark Ages, as suggested by the subheading of the book. The author begins by defining World Order as “an inexorably expanding cooperative order of states observing common rules and norms, embracing liberal economic systems, forswearing territorial conquest, respecting national sovereignty and adopting participatory and democratic systems of governance”. But in the introduction, the author also lets us know that “No truly global 'world power' has ever existed”. And what is considered to be the 21st century world order, is just a treaty which was devised in western Europe, without taking into consideration, the other countries and civilisations. Towards the end, Kissinger remarks that the leitmotif of our age is science and technology. With countries making huge advances in technology, they consider the security dilemma, before looking at the zero (sum) game analysis. Technology could thus prove...
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...individual to learn the art of government and administration. The courses in the first two semester focus on basic concepts of political science and major political ideologies. The next two, third and fourth, puts emphasis exclusively on the Indian political system. The fifth and sixth semesters courses deal with public administration and International relations. Course objectives 1. Imparting value based education. 2. Preparing responsible and politically conscious citizens. 3. Building good leadership qualities and responsible future leaders. 4. Understanding the art of government and administration. 5. Motivating students to take competitive examinations. 6. Creating civic sense COURSE STRUCTURE I Semester Course Code POL 131 II Semester Course Code POL 231 III Semester Course Code POL 331 IV Semester Course Code POL 431 V Semester Course Code POL 531 POL 532 VI Semester Course Code POL 631 POL 632 Title Core Concepts of Political Science. Title Major Political Ideologies Title Indian Government and Politics- I Title Indian Government and Politics- II Title International Relations- I Principles of Public Administration Title International Relations- II Personnel and Financial Administration Hrs/ wk 5 Hrs/ wk 5 Hrs/ wk 5 Hrs/ wk 5 Hrs/ wk 4 4 Marks 100 Marks 100 Marks 100 Marks 100 Marks 100 100 Credits 4 Credits 4 Credits 4 Credits 4 Credits 3 3 Hrs/ wk 4 4 Marks 100 100 Credits 3 3 1 BA SEMESTER I POL 131: POLITICAL SCIENCE PAPER I – CORE CONCEPTS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 75...
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...The ANZUS (Australia, New Zealand, and United States Security Treaty) treaty was created in WWII, when it became deceptive that Australia, New Zealand and America worked well together and were willing to defend each other under attack. The agreement was signed during 1951 in order to protect the Pacific region. When Singapore was about to fall and Australia was threatened by Japan, New Zealand and America, came to assist Australia in the defence of their country and that’s when the treaty had begun. There was also the SEATO treaty (South East Asia Treaty Organisation) that Australia signed in 1954. Composed by the US, the treaty consisted of Australia, the United States, Pakistan, France, Thailand, Britain and the Philippines. Any country that was European at the time was not allowed to join the treaty. The purpose of the alliance was to fight communism, primary in South East Asia. The countries involved in the treaty had to undergo joint military exchanges and training. Nevertheless, their restriction and conditions, both ANZUS and SEATO gave Australians some consolation that they were no longer just a geographically secluded former British colony. In the event of an attack the treaties meant the country had some powerful allies; however, a side effect of this was the need to link...
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...G;In what ways, and too what extent has globalization reshaped international politics? In the recent history of international politics, globalization has become a dynamic concept. Martell (2010) key factors of identifying and defining globalization include the greater use of global communication and the decrease of space and time dimensions.. These factors will be explored in detail to obtain a better understanding of the role of globalization and its relationship to international relations. Historically the main actors have always been states, but with globalisation come the emergence of transnational companies, humanitarian organisations and political entities gaining prominence. The question of whether globalization secures greater equality or infact leads to more global inequality will be addressed. Global politics prioritises the management of power, security and justice. The end of the cold war saw only one superpower America remaining. As a result of the collapse of communism, new countries formed with border lines being redrawn. The simple yet effective strategy was to strengthen international unity by receding national sovereignty to stand in agreement. This was an awkward agreement, as no nation wished to stand independent (Kettl, 2000). The emergence of globalization into world markets significantly increased. The term globalization only came into widespread usage in 1990s. Globalization itself is a contested term with many definitions being affirmed. One definition...
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...Complex Interdependence In 1970s, a new perspective known as transnational relations arose to question realism key assumptions of state as main and the only actor of world politics. This theory gave a new analytical framework to understand the international relations which was contrary to the state centric paradigm of realism. With complex interdependence as its central concept, this theoretical analysis advanced “synthesis of liberal + realist perspectives by constructing a way of looking at world politics and also the idea of institutionalism to foster cooperation”. It is asked how under conditions of complex interdependence world politics would be different than under realist conditions means this analysis ask to see “ what realism overlooked”. The phenomenon of Interdependence is not new; states have always been interdependent on each other for their economic functions and especially for security purposes. We have seen the complicated interdependence among states in the alliance system to achieve their political ends before First World War. The earliest example of interdependence comes from Norman Angell’s “The great illusion (1910) when he said the economic interdependence will minimize the occurrence of war on the basis of cost-benefit analysis.” Countries are dependent on each other for trade and transaction, they interact globally e.g. flow of money, goods, people and messages across international boundaries but all transactions among countries are not characterized by interdependence...
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...Abstract • Concerns over the potential negative spillovers from globalization have resulted in increasing demands for multinational corporations (MNCs) to adhere to international standards and codes of responsibility. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have been important advocates for development and adoption of these standards and codes. • In this paper, we provide a brief review of the emergence of NGOs and their influence on debates about globalization, and a specific assessment of NGO efforts to promote stronger labor and environmental policies of multinational corporations. • We examine the role of NGOs in development and enforcement of twelve international agreements and codes of conduct addressing labor issues and environmental practices. We use findings from these cases and insights from international business and other managerial theory to develop propositions that explain the circumstances under which NGOs have more or less influence in developing and enforcing international codes. Key Results • We suggest NGOs will achieve the greatest impact on codes of conduct when: 1) they intervene early in the code development process; 2) they forge transnational coalitions with other organizations, including other NGOs, MNCs, and governments; 3) codes are devised outside of international organizations; and 4) the structure of the codes or agreements explicitly provides for involvement by non-business and non-state actors. Authors Jonathan P. Doh...
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...The International Criminal Court: Idealpolitik vs. Realpolitik and the special case of the United States ABSTRACKT The Rome Statute that was adopted on July 17st 1998 was a controversial treaty that despite initial backing from great and small powers alike ended up facing fierce opposition for a number of reasons. Internationally it was widely accepted that there was a need to stem the tide of an ever-increasing number of human rights violations and that the institution best suited for achieving this goal, following the relative successes of ad hoc criminal tribunals, could be a permanent International Criminal Court, ICC. This essay will attempt to clarify the contrasting ideas and interests of key actors that ultimately shaped the compromise that became the Rome Statute of the ICC. It will go on to assess the relative influence of idealpolitik - that is the altruistic idealism embedded in a genuine desire to create a court to bring an end to the reality of perpetrators of war crimes escaping justice - and realpolitik - the realist notion of national interest and power politics as the main catalysts behind the politics of the Rome Statute. The judicial powers entrusted to the ICC became, as stated above, a matter of compromise. The final text of the Rome Statute was the result of intense negotiations that revolved around the concepts of national sovereignty and security politics on the one hand and the desire of non-great powers to establish a court with as much authority...
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