...time in all rivers and natural drainage systems which creates damages on properties, natural resources and people (Kumar and Santosh, 2015). In Ethiopia, a major river basin that has serious flood problems is the Awash River basin located in the Rift Valley. About 200,000-250,000 ha. is subject to flooding during high flows of the Awash River. The other rivers where significant floods occur are Wabi-Shebelle River in southeastern Ethiopia near the Somali border and Baro-Akobo/Sobat River in western...
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...of Business and Economics Department of Management/ MBA by Amanuel Teklu Aregawi teklu Dawit Hagos Berihu Gebremeskel 1.INTRODUCTION Cobblestones are small, chiseled rectangular stones formerly used to cover road surfaces ,typically either set in sand or similar selected material, or are bound together with mortar. Paving with cobblestones allows a road to be heavily used all year long and not getting muddy in wet weather or dusty in dry weather. Cobblestones set in sand have the environmental advantage of being permeable paving, and of moving rather than cracking with movements in the ground. INTRODUCTION con’t It was in early 2005 that the concept of using cobblestones to construct roads was first introduced to Ethiopia. Faced with fast-growing cities, inadequate urban infrastructure, and a large youthful population in need of employment, the Ethiopian Government turned to an innovative solution: Cobblestone road production throughout the country, driven by community participation and local materials. In recent years, cobblestone road creation has become one of the most successful infrastructure and job creation programmes in the country, with tremendous benefits for the urban poor. It has created hundreds of thousands of jobs, greatly improved urban mobility, and built collaborative relationships between communities and local authorities. INTRODUCTION con’t It is labour-intensive, creating jobs as well as opportunities for construction entrepreneurs...
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...Aregawi teklu Dawit Hagos Berihu Gebremeskel Adigrat UniversityCollege of Business and Economics Department of Management/ MBA 1.INTRODUCTION Cobblestones are small, chiseled rectangular stones formerly used to cover road surfaces ,typically either set in sand or similar selected material, or are bound together with mortar. Paving with cobblestones allows a road to be heavily used all year long and not getting muddy in wet weather or dusty in dry weather. Cobblestones set in sand have the environmental advantage of being permeable paving, and of moving rather than cracking with movements in the ground. INTRODUCTION con’t It was in early 2005 that the concept of using cobblestones to construct roads was first introduced to Ethiopia. Faced with fast-growing cities, inadequate urban infrastructure, and a large youthful population in need of employment, the Ethiopian Government turned to an innovative solution: Cobblestone road production throughout the country, driven by community participation and local materials. In recent years, cobblestone road creation has become one of the most successful infrastructure and job creation programmes in the country, with tremendous benefits for the urban poor. It has created hundreds of thousands of jobs, greatly improved urban mobility, and built collaborative relationships between communities and local authorities. INTRODUCTION con’t It is labour-intensive, creating jobs as well as opportunities for construction entrepreneurs...
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...MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY TOPIC: URBANIZATION IN AFRICA BY: SOLOMON T. JOHNSON 2012/1/41096MT COURSE: URBAN PLANNING SUBMITTED TO: DR. DUKIYA ABSTRACT Africa is urbanizing fast. Its rate of urbanization soared from 15 percent in 1960 to 40 percent in 2010, and is projected to reach 60 percent in 2050 (UN Habitat 2010). Urban populations in Africa are expected to triple in the next 50 years, changing the profile of the region, and challenging policy makers to harness urbanization for sustainable and inclusive growth. Although many have written about the phenomena, what is clear to us is that is impossible to deal with Africa’s growth and poverty challenges without managing urbanization. Urbanization is not a subȬ plot, but rather the main policy narrative for Africa. URBANIZATION IN AFRICA Challenges and Opportunities: Africa is urbanizing fast. Its rate of urbanization soared from 15 percent in 1960 to 40 percent in 2010, and is projected to reach 60 percent in 2050 (UN Habitat 2010). Urban populations in Africa are expected to triple in the next 50 years, changing the profile of the region, and challenging policy makers to harness urbanization for sustainable and inclusive growth. Although many have written about the phenomena, what is clear to us is that is impossible to deal with Africa’s growth and poverty challenges without managing urbanization. Urbanization is not a subȬ plot, but rather the main policy narrative for Africa. Along...
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...Argentina Sex ratio = 20 58021 190 x 100 = 97.121 ii) Australia Sex ratio = 10 90910 858 x 100 = 100.469 = 100.5 iii) Denmark Sex ratio = 2 7292 800 x 100 = 97.46 = 97.5 iv) Ethiopia Sex ratio = 44 73546 139 x 100 = 96.95 = 97 v) France Sex ratio = 31 84133 262 x 100 = 95.72 = 96 vi) Haiti Sex ratio = 4 8184 902 x 100 = 98.28 = 98.3 vii) Papua New Guinea Sex ratio = 3 1753 013 x 100 = 105-37 = 105.4 viii) South Africa Sex ratio = 24 41224 592 x 100 = 99.26 = 99.3 ix) Switzerland Sex ratio = 3 7593 881 x 100 = 96.85 = 96.9 x) Turkey Sex ratio = 39 70939 077 x 100 = 101.61 = 101.6 Question 1b Dependency ratio Dependency ratio = population <15 and ≥65(All dependants)population 15-64 (labour force) x 100 The dependency ratios for the following countries are calculated thus: i) Argentina Dependency ratio = 10 611+460426 555 x 100 = 15 21526 555 x 100 = 57.29 ≈ 57.3 ii) Australia Dependency ratio = 3 978+ 3 05314 735 x 100 = 7 031 14 735 x 100 = 47.71 iii) Denmark Dependency ratio = 975 + 9453 610 x 100 = 1 9203 610 x 100 = 53.18 ≈ 53.2 iv) Ethiopia Dependency ratio = 42 058+ 2 42646 390 x 100 = 44 48446 390 x 100 = 95.89 ≈ 95.9 v) France Dependency ratio = 12 068 + 10 90742 128 x 100 = 22 97542 128 x 100 = 54.536 ≈ 54.54 vi) Haiti Dependency...
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...By most estimates, well over a thousand languages (UNESCO has estimated around two thousand) are spoken in Africa. Most are of African origin, though some are of European or Asian origin. Africa is the most multilingual continent in the world, and it is not rare for individuals to fluently speak not only multiple African languages, but one or more European ones as well. Following the end of colonialism, nearly all African countries adopted official languages that originated outside the continent, although several countries also granted legal recognition to indigenous languages (such as Swahili, Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa). In numerous countries, English and French (see African French) are used for communication in the public sphere such as government, commerce, education and the media. Arabic, Portuguese, Afrikaans and Spanish are examples of languages that trace their origin to outside of Africa, and that are used by millions of Africans today, both in the public and private spheres. Italian is spoken by some in former Italian colonies in Africa. German is spoken in Namibia, as it was a former German protectorate. Some aspects of traditional African cultures have become less practiced in recent years as a result of years of neglect and suppression by colonial and post-colonial regimes. There is now a resurgence in the attempts to rediscover and revalourise African traditional cultures, under such movements as the African Renaissance, led by Thabo Mbeki, Afrocentrism, led by...
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...Home > Factbook > Countries > Korea, North Population | 24,589,122 (July 2012 est.) | Age structure | 0-14 years: 22% (male 2,742,874/female 2,672,199) 15-24 years: 16.5% (male 2,060,206/female 1,998,436) 25-54 years: 44% (male 5,402,999/female 5,416,701) 55-64 years: 8.2% (male 942,529/female 1,064,570) 65 years and over: 9.3% (male 768,703/female 1,519,905) (2012 est.) | Median age | total: 33 years male: 31.4 years female: 34.7 years (2012 est.) | Population growth rate | 0.535% (2012 est.) | Birth rate | 14.51 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) | Death rate | 9.12 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) | Net migration rate | -0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) | Urbanization | urban population: 60% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) | Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.51 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.) | Infant mortality rate | total: 26.21 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 23.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) | Life expectancy at birth | total population: 69.2 years male: 65.34 years female: 73.24 years (2012 est.) | Total fertility rate | 2.01 children born/woman (2012 est.) | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | NA | HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | NA | HIV/AIDS - deaths | NA...
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...Rural Development policy of Ethiopia with particular emphasis on: Market-led agricultural development strategy A term paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course GaDS 503 Development Perspectives and Political theories. By: Nardos Legesse School of Governance and Development Studies College of Law and Governance (M.A Development Management) Hawassa University Hawassa January, 2013 List of contents Contents page 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….…1 2. Working towards market led agricultural development……………………………………….2 2.1 Agricultural developments- key to poverty reduction………………………………...2 2.2 Agricultural development not driven by market forces can’t be rapid and sustainable.3 2.3 The role of markets in productivity of agricultural sector …………………………... 4 2.4 Building an agricultural marketing system…………………………………………....5 2.4.1 Grading agricultural product……………………………………………..….5 2.4.2 Provision of market information………………………………………...…..5 2.4.3 Promoting...
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...Ethiopian Traditional Values versus the Social Teaching of the Church Solomon Dejene Research Student, Nijmegen Institute for Mission Studies, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Email: S.Dejene@nim.ru.nl Abstract Even if the Roman Catholic Church does not have a very long history in Ethiopia and constitutes a small minority of the society, her social significance is great in part due to the structural development programs she runs through out the country. The main aim of this paper is to identify how much the Church1 has made use of traditional systems and values in reflecting and communicating pastorally particularly in regard the Social of the Church (henceforth CST). By analyzing four selected pastoral letters, this article tries to spell out the strengths and shortcomings of the Church in employing traditional systems and values in giving form to the CST. Keywords Catholic social teaching, human dignity, common good, solidarity, reconciliation and peace, contextualization, Ethiopian traditional values Introduction Most of the current national boundaries of Africa were drawn during the colonial period and do not reflect the socio-cultural, ethno-linguistic and religious compositions of the colonies. Although Ethiopia has successfully overcome European colonial power and survived as an independent state with the exception of a five year Italian occupation (1936-41), its contemporary national boarder is a result of the scramble for Africa. Moreover, with the introduction of modern education...
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...Iddir, metaphor for solidaity in Ethiopia Solomon Dejene The aim of this paper is to gain insight into the relation between iddirs and sustainable development in Ethiopia. The material to achieve the aim is gathered through literature review and field work. The method of analysis is inspired by Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (henceforth CDA). CDA focuses on the relation between language use and social reality. It combines three forms of analysis. The first is linguistic analysis of text. It deals with wording, grammar, syntax, cohesion, metaphor, transitivity, and so forth The second deals with discursive practice which is an analysis of the (processes of) production, distribution and consumption of texts. At this stage we look at inter-textuality and inter-discursivity. The third form studies the socio-cognitive effects of discursive practice, in particular, reproduction or transformation of status quo. Definitions of the key concepts are given in the introduction of this book. One of the issues to be dealt with is to what extent iddir can be considered indigenous. The paper is divided into four sections. The first section is a review of several publications on iddir. The second section is an overview of data gathered through field work. The third section contains a critical correlation of theoretical insights gathered through literature review (section one) and empirical insights gathered through fieldwork (section two). The final section contains some conclusions...
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...Republic of the Philippines Palawan State University Puerto Princesa City, Palawan College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Feasibility Study A partial requirement for the course PET 56 - Plant Design Submitted by: Schindler P. Marang Submitted to: Engr. Isaac Yap Table of Contents I. Project Name …………………………………………………………………… Pg. 1 II. Project Description ……………………………………………………………. Pg. 1 III. Project Location ………………………………………………………………. Pg. 1 IV. Marketing Aspect……………………………………………………………… Pg. 2 * Source of Raw Materials …………………………………………………... Pg. 2 * Market Study ………………………………………………………………. Pg. 2 * Sales Projection ……………………………………………………………..Pg. 3 V. Technical Aspect ……………………………………………………………….. Pg. 4 * Glass Manufacturing * Batch Mixing …………………………………………………… Pg. 4 * Batch Melting ………………………………………………...… Pg. 4 * Shaping Plate Glass …………………………………………….. Pg.4 * Process Flow Diagram………………………………………………...……. Pg. 5 * Material Balance……………………………………………………………. Pg. 6 * Composition of Glass…………………………………………………….… Pg. 6 VI. Financial Aspect ………………………………………………………………. Pg. 8 * Fixed Asset ……………………………………………………..……...…… Pg. 8 * Operating Cost * Fixed Cost …………………………………………………….... Pg. 9 * Annual Depreciation…………………………………………... Pg. 10 * Variable Cost ……………………………………………….…. Pg. 11 * Projected Income …………………………………………….... Pg. 12 VII. Organizational Chart …………………………………………………...
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...Remodeling Society and the Natural Environment Jonathan Awoloi GRW: Energy, Society & Environment Professor Case Due October 6, 2014 Word count: 1194 Awoloi 1 Energy transitions are the major shifts in the forms of energy humans use as well as the methods used to gather energy caused by new understanding of energy and changing uses. Humans had begun as hunter-gatherers and the discovery of fire was merely the preface to an immense, extensive, and ongoing journey to gather energy in all its forms as efficiently as possible, then use to power all kinds of prime movers that have been created and adapted to improve the amount of work that can be done. These energy transitions in the past altered the structure in which humans lived, from smaller units and villages towards larger and larger societies, but also allowed humans to branch out from the cycle of hunting and gathering, that other animals are restricted to, into an increasingly intellectual lifestyle. Although the methods of energy gathering and use greatly advanced, especially over the last century, the natural environment has been greatly damaged due to the need to clear landscapes to amass more energy. The discovery and domestication of fire was a great advancement for hominids, a spark which initiated the fire that was mankind's domination of this planet. Fire had led to cooking, the greatest advantage gained by domesticating fire according to Alfred W. Crosby1. Aside from the great nutritional and food storage...
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...1 M5: INTERNATIONAL MARKETING DIAGEO: INNOVATING FOR AFRICA ESIC: MDCI 35 GROUP 2 Alaoui, Ismal Lei, Li Aissi, Meriem Maioui, Mohamed Noor Blal, Mehdi Sierra Alonso, Eduardo Domínguez Pérez, Roberto 2 INDEX 1. Situation To Date 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Company Size Product Range 2013 Results Geographical Scope Sales by Geographical Areas African Markets ROI by Geographical Area Domestic Market 3. 2014 Marketing Plans for African Markets 1. 2014 Objectives 2. Strategy 3. Product Actions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats 6. Areas of Distribution Points of Sale Correction of On-trade vs. Off-trade Imbalance Share of Wallet Promotion Actions 1. Bibliography MCDI 35 Assessment 4 – Group 5 Shipment Retail Price Estimates (Off-trade) Retail Price vs. Competition 2014 Sales Needed to Reach Objective Placement Actions 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. SWOT 1. 2. 3. 4. Pricing Actions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. New Product Type of Consumer Region Ansoff Matrix Local Production vs Import Campaign 3 1.1. Situation To Date: Company size • HQ in United Kingdom. • Over 33,000 employees • 10 subsidiaries + 1 associate (Moët Hennessy) • Property, plants & equipment = 945 million GBP (30 Jun 2013) • Goodwill value = 1,377 million GBP (30 Jun 2013) MCDI 35 Assessment 5 – Group 2 Annual Report 2013 – Diageo. https://www.diageo.com/.../Diageo_AR_2013_LoRes_MASTER_FINAL.pdf 4 1.2. Situation To Date: Product Range 30 brands Brands combined value = 6,244 million GBP (30...
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...One Step Closer to the End of Poverty Every day deaths are caused by some type of disaster all over the world. Some disasters can be prevented, like warfare and poverty, whereas other disasters can come without warning, such as natural disasters. When countries are suffering from poverty or are shaken up by something such as an earthquake or hurricane, they look towards American Humanitarians and our government to lend them a hand. Newspapers constantly talk about countries pleading for help: "We have the resources, we have the know-how to end extreme poverty” (Stossel, Patrick McMenamin 42). And it is true. Our government does provide money and resources to these countries that are begging for help, but not enough. Our country provides more money to aid countries in their civil wars than it does to provide foreign aid for countries that desperately need help. Most aid is intended to be spent as investment projects in particular areas of need such as supplying medicine and water to Third World countries, and rebuilding new roads and homes for countries that are destroyed by natural disasters. The main problem, as most experts put it, is that “aid is substitutable and what the money is supposed to be used for is spent on something else” (Rieff 225). Warfare should be the last thing our government should be focusing on with disasters such as Haiti’s earthquake and with so many deaths from diseases caused by poverty. To help reduce poverty in the world, American...
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...Examine the debates between modernization and dependency theory. Which one is more compelling? This essay will analyze the definitions of modernisation and dependency theory, the similarities and differences between them and it will evaluate which one is more convincing. Modernization is an imposing theory around many different disciplines for the reason that it attempts to explain how society develops and what variables are involved in the development and how society react to these changes looking at internal factors such as social and cultural structures. As Diana Kendall mentions, "Urbanization accompanied modernization and the rapid process of industrialization." (Kendall 2007) Modernization theory has developed in three different parts; the first part appeared in the 1950s and 1960s, when the dominance of materialistic western, individualist culture and individual achievement became the influential and dominant way of life during this period of time. The second part of modernization theory is part of the “idea of progress” that was accepted in the 1980s with the thought of people themselves could develop and transform their society. The last part of modernization theory takes place in the 1990s and it tries a more neutral approach without being in favor or against western modernization. Rather it attempts to expose the disagreements in the modernization process and to explain the consequences of modernity for individuals in contemporary society (Giddens, 1991a, 1991b)...
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