...PROSPECTS OF TRADE UNDER SAFTA Muhammad Khalid Bashir, Khuda Bakhsh and Azid Imdad Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad ABSTRACT Under the WTO regime it was expected that both the developing and developed nations will benefit from the opening up of the markets in these countries. But uptil now the developing countries are at the suffering end. So theses were being encouraged to explore the regional markets and make some regional free trade areas. The countries of SAARC had decided to sign the SAFTA. Question arises that will it be a support to the economies of these countries? The general perception is that the countries with higher comparative advantage will out weigh rest of the countries. It is further being envisaged incase of SAFTA that there are three possible ways of the workability of it which are; pessimistic, optimistic and moderate. Different empirical evidences and theoretical perceptions are that the current political atmosphere in the region is supportive to the pessimistic outcome of SAFTA. INTRODUCTION The World Trade Organization (WTO) has been established with an aim to enhance international trade with the help of lower trade barriers and providing a forum to negotiate trade and business with agreed upon principles of the trading system. The WTO principles allow a free trading system with no discrimination against foreign products or services. The provision is also there that one country can not provide...
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...This article therefore examines the past developments, current trends of Pakistani economy and the future global and regional outlook and builds the most likely scenario for the medium term economic prospects of the country (next 10 years or so) and then reviews the downside risks and upside gains around this scenario. 2. Pakistan is still a low income country and it would require at least next 14 years of 7 percent average annual GDP growth to double its per-capita income to around $ 2000 (official exchange rate conversion). This growth rate should also be able to reduce the incidence of poverty by half and meet the Millennium Development Goal. 3. It is easy to make this normative statement but more difficult question is how can this growth rate be achieved on a sustained basis? The prophets of doom and gloom in Pakistan (and there are plenty of them) who are constantly polluting the minds of our younger generation and turning them into cynics at very early age sapping their energies for constructive thinking and actions would dismiss this exercise as a figment of imagination or at best a fantasy. To them, all the economic gains have accrued due to the windfall of 9/11 and Pakistan’s support to the US in the war against terror. When confronted with the stark fact that Pakistan was one of the few countries that grew by 6 percent annually between 1960 and...
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...complement. 3. The amusement mania. 4. The art of feature films made in Pakistan. 5. Art and Religion. 6. Education of freedom. 7. Brain-washing. 8. The lessons of the past. 9. Requisites for social progress in Pakistan. 10. How words change our lives? 11. Man is condemned to be free. 12. Leaders and followers. K Time allowed: 3 hours ENGLISH ESSAY EXAMINATION 1972 Maximum marks: 100 C SS .C O M .P Write an essay in English on One of the following: 1. Relevance of Islam to Science. 2. The sanctity of law. 3. Competitive results of planned economy? 4. The sick soul. 5. The strategy of political warfare. 6. “If’ in History. 7. Psychology and its social meaning. 8. Reverence for life. 9. International morality. 10. The divided self and the process of its unification. 11. Statesmen and Diplomatists. 12. The foundations of the feature. K Time allowed: 3 hours ENGLISH ESSAY EXAMINATION 1973 Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100 1. (a) Make an outline for writing an Essay in English on One of the following subjects: (b) Write the Essay on the subject you have selected more or less on the basis of the Outline you have drawn. Develop your ideas logically, at the same time marshalling your facts and data in such a manner is the writing you produce is not only convincing but also comprehensive: C SS .C O M .P K i. The Problems of Social. Economic and Political Development in the Third World: ...
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...Abstract:- This paper focuses on the factors which are affecting export performance of Pakistan furniture industry. The study provides a brief overview of the problems which are creating hindrance for furniture exporters. Also, it provides some suggestions and recommendations to the government and furniture exporters through which they can improve their performance of exports. The study concludes the factors both exogenous and endogenous, which prove to be creating obstacles in the export of furniture. Introduction:- Pakistan has been unable to grasp a good position in the international wooden furniture market despite the fact that the country has a history of dexterity and novelty in the furniture making. The wooden furniture industry represents 95% of the total market in the country. Pakistan is heavily dependent on Sheesham (rosewood) for furniture manufacturing. The primary areas of furniture makers in Pakistan are Chiniot, Gujrat, Peshawar, Lahore and Karachi and the furniture exported by Pakistan is usually made by rosewood and metals, however, some products are also made from walnut wood. Pakistan is exporter to about 80 countries, which mainly include USA, Malaysia, Singapore, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. USA mostly imports bedroom furniture from Pakistan, whereas UK and Gulf countries along with bedroom furniture also trade in office and kitchen furniture. The wood and furniture industry in Pakistan can be divided into two main types i.e. cottage and small scale industry. Both...
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...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS THE CHINA-INDIA-PAKISTAN WATER CRISIS: PROSPECTS FOR INTERSTATE CONFLICT by James F. Brennan September 2008 Thesis Co-Advisors: Alice Lyman Miller Feroz Khan Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2008 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: The China-India-Pakistan Water Crisis: Prospects for 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Interstate Conflict 6. AUTHOR(S) James F. Brennan, Lieutenant, United States Navy 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY...
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...Research and Analysis Project for B.sc (Hons) In Applied Accounting Business and Financial Performance Of GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan Ltd (2007- 2009) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX Prepared by Faisal Saleem XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Mentoring by Fahim Ahmed This project is prepared in accordance with Oxford Brookes University guidelines. Table of Contents Topic & Company selection------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 About GlaxoSmithKline------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Overview of the Pharmaceutical Industry-------------------------------------------------------------5 Research Aims and Objectives--------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Information Gathering--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Techniques used in RAP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Limitations in RAP and Ethical issues----------------------------------------------------------------11 Financial Analysis-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Revenue trend Analysis----------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Profitability and...
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...Historical Background of insurance Industry in Bangladesh Insurance is not new business in Bangladesh. Almost a century back, during Britishrule in India, some insurance companies started transacting business, both life andgeneral, in Bangal.Insurance business gained momentum in East Pakistan during1947-1971, when 49 insurance companies transacted both life and general insuranceschemes. These companies were of various origins like British, Australian, Indian,West Pakistan and local. Ten insurance companies had their head offices in EastPakistan, 27 in West Pakistan, and rest elsewhere in the world. These were mostlylimited liability companies. Some of these companies were specialized on dealing in a particular class of business, while others were composite companies that dealt in morethan one class of business. Present position of insurance business in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, the Insurance business, after and early stage of dislocation, adventureand experimentation through half a century has now being established as a nascentindustry distributed between the public and private sectors. Insurance businessevolved in the Indian subcontinent late in nineteenth century when several businesscompanies started their business and a few Christian missionaries began to operatemutual funds to serve their own community members. From Bangladesh perspectiveinsurance business was not a promising sector in its early age but it is getting it’s paceday by day with the growth of overall economic...
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...Operations Research and its Prospects in Pakistan Prof. Dr. Shoaib ud Din Mathematics Department Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan Operations Research has had an increasingly great impact on the management of organizations in the recent years. In fact, with the exception of advent of electronic computer, the extent of this impact seems to be unrivalled by that of any other recent development. However, all the development in this field has gone almost unnoticed in most developing countries including Pakistan. This article is an effort to introduce Mathematics community in the country to the subject and its achievements. A brief history In order to appreciate the importance of OR in the world today it is important that we know something of its history and evolution. Although roots of Operations Research can be traced back many decades, it is generally agreed that this discipline began during World War II. During the War team of British scientists with diverse background were called upon to study the strategic and tactical problems associated with air and land defense of the country. The establishment of this scientific team marked the first formal Operations Research activity. Their efforts were allegedly instrumental in winning the Air Battle of Britain, The Island Campaign in the Pacific, the Battle of the North Atlantic, and so on. The name Operations Research-Operational Research in the United Kingdom – was apparently coined because the problems assigned to this team were...
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...Introduction Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan with 44 percent landmass of the country but has 5.6 percent of the population. The province which is almost half of the country’s land mass has been receiving least attention by successive governments since independence. Therefore the huge potentials of this province to become a strong economical hub could not be exploited and till today it remains the poorest of all four provinces. Apparently a barren province from agriculture point of view is rich in its natural resources. Huge reserves of mineral deposits, gas, oil and long sea shore makes this province extremely attractive at regional as well as at international level. The absence of basic development infrastructure and effective strategy coupled with backwardness, scant population base, rugged terrain exploited by sub nationalist leaders and sardars continue to undermine the progress and socio economic development of the area. Aim To carry out an indepth analysis of vast potential of natural resources in Balochistan with a view to suggesting a pragmatic natural resource development strategy for the province. Scope The paper will be developed in the following sequence:- a. Part I: Balochistan – Some Facts. b. Part II: Natural Resources – Potentials and Constraints. c. Part III: Recommendations. d. Concl. PART I FACTS ABOUT BALOCHISTAN Largest province of Pakistan, stretching over 44 percent of total area of the...
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...Expanding Horizons and Forging Cooperation in a Resurgent Asia SAARC 2015 The New Delhi Statement on SAARC 2015 and Asian Resurgence © Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, March 2007 Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung India Office K-70B, Hauz Khas Enclave New Delhi Email: fes@fesindia.org Edited by: Kant K. Bhargava and Mahendra P. Lama Designed and printed by: New Concept Information Systems Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi ISBN 81-7440-065-6 Contents Foreword Preface Background Paper Inaugural Address by I.K. Gujral Group Reports New Delhi Statement Annexures: (i) Programme (ii) List of Participants & Special Invitees (iii) List of Written Papers and Presentations Related Publications iv vi 1 17 23 45 56 71 Foreword As part of its programme for the promotion of regional cooperation in South Asia, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung organised the Conference on SAARC 2015: Expanding Horizons and Forging Cooperation in a Resurgent Asia in February 2007 in New Delhi in collaboration with Ambassador Kant K. Bhargava, former Secretary-General of SAARC, and Prof. Mahendra Lama, Chairman, Centre for South, Central, South East Asian and South West Pacific Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. The main thrust of the Conference was that the SAARC as an entity and its member states must prepare themselves well for leveraging the opportunities arising from the current resurgence in Asia. The Background Paper for the Conference was prepared...
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... Entrepreneur: Recognizing opportunities and Generating Ideas There are two ways to identify an opportunity 1. Problem Solving: Sometimes identifying opportunities simply involves noticing a problem & finding a way to solve it. These problems can be pinpointed though observing trends & through more simple means, such as intuition or chance. 2. Observing Trends: The first approach to identifying opportunities is to observe trends & study how they create opportunities for entrepreneurs to pursue. Examples of Problem Solving Business: 1. Naseeb Networks provides leading community, communications and e-commerce services to underserved Internet markets. The company currently enjoys a leadership position in its target markets including online recruitment (www.rozee.pk), social networking (www.naseeb.com) and classifieds related services for Pakistan and its associated diaspora community. The company commenced operations in 2003 with a seed round from angel investors including founders and executives from Paypal, LinkedIn, Excite and Cisco. Naseeb Networks has been profitable since 2004 and currently has 42 employees at offices in Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad and San Jose. 2. NayaTel (Pvt) Ltd. (NTL) is a sister concern of Micronet Broadband (Pvt) Ltd. (MBL), www.dsl.net.pk , the company that launched first broadband service in Pakistan in July 2002. Leveraging its rich expertise and experience of broadband, MBL team conceived the idea of a most modern...
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...The recently published study paper by State Bank of Pakistan (SBP); “Price and income Elasticity of Imports” gives some intriguing insight into the country’s Balance of Payment (BoP) accounts and its relation to growth. The relevance of the study cannot be ignored in the current economic context when country is experiencing large current account deficits monthly. The study highlights that many developing countries rely extensively on running external deficits in order to spur medium to long term growth. Import price elasticity The report points out that these large deficits can sometimes have a hard landing in the shape of BoP crisis, which can make a country, go bankrupt. Thus BoP has become an increasingly important indicator over the period as a measure of judging a country’s long term growth prospects. In Pakistan, major components driving the BoP deficit are its rising imports relative to exports. Hence the moot point of the study is what drives the demand for imports in Pakistan and as to what income level affects the demand for import. Depreciating your way out of trade deficits… So, what interests us is the policy implication suggested in the study conducted. The study lays out its recommendations on the findings of Heien (1968). It states that if the import price elasticity relative to income falls between -0.5 and-0.1, then exchange rate and import tariff polices can be equipped to tackle the problem of widening trade deficits. In Pakistan’s case, this price...
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...entrepreneurs were done by several academicians all over the world in different countries. The issue got immense importance in the eyes of the researchers. The case of Bangladesh is also similar. After the period of British ruling when two new states India and Pakistan came, the economy of this subcontinent was backward, highly agricultural and characterized by massive poverty (Ray, 1992). During the ruling of Pakistanis, though the other side of Pakistan (West Pakistan) saw some economic developments, the portion which is now called Bangladesh (the then East Pakistan) could not see that light. Bangladesh got rid of Pakistani ruling in December 1971.But because of one-eyed behavior of the then Pakistani rulers huge economic problems were already prevailing in East Pakistan even at the pre-independence period. After independence, as a result of the post-war crisis, massive political unrested. The overall economy became more backward and stagnant. From then, even today Bangladesh is known all over the world for its mass-poverty and poor economic growth (Kamal, 1985). Even now-a-day, the dominant sector of economy is the agricultural sector. But investment in agriculture from commercial point of view has not been made much due to ownership problems, existing inheritance laws, uneconomic size of farm, socio-cultural traditions of the people and absence of governmental commitment for restructuring agricultural sector etc. (Saha, 1990). In case of industrial sector it can be said that as a result...
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...economic, and political barriers. Women’s lives in the developing world are consistently hard. Often female children are less valuable than male children, resulting in higher female infant and child death rates. Gender Inequalities: Sociological View Gender is a dimension of social organization, shaping how we interact with others and how we think about ourselves. Gender also involves hierarchy, ranking men and women differently in terms of power, wealth, and other resources. That is why sociologists speak of gender stratification, the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women. Gender also affects the opportunities and challenges we face throughout our lives (Macionis, 2010). Countries such as Africa, Pakistan and the Middle East have shown signs of severe gender inequality. One of the most horrifying forms of injustice includes painful female genital mutilation (also known as female circumcision), which takes place in Africa. In...
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...financial crisis, is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Many causes for the financial crisis have been suggested, with varying weight assigned by experts. The U.S. Senate's Levin–Coburn Report asserted that the crisis happened because of: 1-High risk 2 Complex financial products 3-Undisclosed conflicts of interest 4-The failure of regulators 5-The credit rating agencies 6-The market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street 7-Weak and fraudulent underwriting practices 8-Deregulation 9-Predatory lending 10-Increased debt burden or over-leveraging 11-Boom and collapse of the shadow banking system 12-Commodities boom Financial crisis in Pakistan and Reasons 1-One of the immediate causes is Political instability due to Musharaf’s position as president, delay in restoring judiciary and resultantly withdrawal of PML (N) from the alliance leaving behind ‘dead’ ministry of finance. In contrast the present government is not showing strong will to cope with the situation. Though some Positive Measures. To end Load Shedding till 14th August, 2009, Benazir income Scheme programmed, Distribution of Land in Sindh, tight Tariff System against luxury items 2-Suicide attacks in the industrial cities-fear among people, disinvestment and maximum outflow of capital, especially in Dubai stock exchange crash. 3-Foreign investment in 2007 was $ 700,63.5 million but in 2008 only $329 million...
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