...Pan Africanism The ideology and movement that aims to unify and uplift people of African descent, is also known as Pan Africanism. It encourages the solidarity of Africans worldwide, focusing on the belief that unity is vital to nationalism, independence, the political and economic cooperation, and historical and cultural awareness within Africans. Pan Africanism sought to eliminate the philosophy of that in which slavery and colonialism encouraged negative, unfounded categorizations of the race, culture, and values of the African people. Pan- Africanist ideals began in the 19th century in response to European colonization and exploitation of the African continent. Martin Delany, Edward Blyden and Alexander Crummell were early Pan African members. They believed that black people could not develop alongside whites and therefore advocated the creation of a black nation, suggesting that Africa was the best place to stay. Henry Sylvester-Williams, in 1897 formed the African Association in London, England to encourage Pan-African unity in British colonies. He organized the first Pan-African meeting in collaboration with several black leaders representing various countries of the African Diaspora. This conference introduced W.E.B. Du Bois, who is known as the father of modern Pan- Africanism, working to create a unified African nation where all Africans scattered from their ancestral home to different parts of the world, the Diaspora, can live. It was him who gave the “movement”...
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... UNIVERSITY OF SIERRA LEONE Module: History of Pan-Africanism (HIST 417) First Semester, 2008 Instructor (Lecturer): Dr. (Professor) Alusine Jalloh Name: Josephus J. Ellie Final Year, History and Politics Research Paper (Term Paper) Topic: “The Role of Kwame Nkrumah in Pan-Africanism” Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Key Factors that Influenced Nkrumahs’ Pan – African Motives 6 3. Nkrumah’s Roles in Organizing Key Pan-African Events 8 3.1 Nkrumah’ Contributions to the 5th Pan-African Conference 8 3.2 Nkrumah in promoting African Unity 10 4. Nkrumah’s Writings and Pan-Africanism 15 5. Conclusion 16 6. References 17 Introduction There is no one way to define Pan-Africanism. What constitutes Pan-Africanism, what one might include in a Pan-African movement often changes according to whether the focus is on politics, ideology, organizations, or culture? Pan-Africanism actually reflects a range of political views. At a basic level, it is a belief that African peoples, both on the African continent and in the Diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny. This sense of interconnected pasts and futures has taken many forms, especially in the creation of political institutions. One of the earliest manifestations of Pan-Africanism came in the names that African peoples gave to their religious...
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...In this manuscript I will go over Pan Africanism, The Black Star Line, and the Back to Africa Movement and the advocates of such and the ones who opposed the ideals. The people involved in such were W.E.B DuBois, Marcus Garvey. And, A. Phillip Randolph in which I will talk about their opinions of each other and events and which person I support the most. To start off Pan Africanism is the ideal of forming a political alliance or a union of all African nations. Which was started to eliminate white supremacy and unite African cultures. Back to Africa movement started in the nineteenth century itself encouraged people of Afro American descent to go back to Africa the place of their ancestors .the movement itself began to fall after the...
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...Q7. Discuss the Contribution of either Julius Nyerere or Kwame Nkrumah, in the promotion of Pan Africanism. Introduction Pan Africanism is an ideology and movement that encourages the solidarity of Africans world wide.It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to “unify and uplift” people of African descent. The ideology asserts that the fate of all African peoples and countries are intertwined. At its core Pan-Africanism is “a belief that African peoples, both on the continent and in the Diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny” The largest Pan-African organization is the African Union. Kwame Nkrumah “I’m not African because I was born in Africa; I’m an African because Africa’s born in me.” Kwame Nkrumah Early Life Education Kwame Nkrumah, was born in approximately 1909 in the town of Nkroful, in the Nzima region of present-day Ghana. His father was a goldsmith by trade and kept many wives, although Kwame Nkrumah was his mother’s only child. His early education was conducted at local missionary schools, and his aptitude enabled him to attend the Government Training College in Accra in 1926. At the Government Training College, Nkrumah was trained to become a teacher and graduated in 1930 (Adi, 2003: 144). He worked as a teacher for five years and although during this time period he also contemplated a move into the priesthood. In 1935 Nkrumah decided to take his studies abroad. After a shorter...
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...Cameron Busby 2/25/15 Prof. Peters Black Political Identity REACTION PAPER 1 “Where is the Black man’s government? Where is his King and his Kingdom? Where is his President, his Ambassador, his army; his navy, his men of big affairs?” ‘MARCUS GARVEY’ It is this poignant thought that countless Pan African people have sought to define and answer, and bring to reality throughout the Pan African movement and struggles. From Prophecy to Policy: Marcus Garvey and Evolution of Pan African Citizenship by Claudius Fergus is a historic overview of the organization and outcomes of the Pan African and African Dispora political agenda from 1600’s to the middle 2000’s culminating in the African Union and the implementation of the Sixth Union. Fergus documents the historic, worldwide, movement to end social, economic and political injustice for all African people. Fergus introduces that the focus of European colonization in the 17 th century took place in the Caribbean because of the sugar industry. Europeans needed cheap labor and sought African slave labor to be used as chattel on sugar plantations. The atrocities continued for hundreds of years when finally the nation of Jamaica and Haiti fought for the decolonization and physical freedom against exploitation. These wars took place in the late 1700’s. The knowledge of the black man physically fighting in the Caribbean is contrary to the tales of the docile American slave Dispora. Fergus also tells of the Eighty-Year’s Maroon War...
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...Marcus Garvey was a declaimer of Pan-Africanism and other similar movements, as well as the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. His legacy inspired others to start movements like Garveyism and the Rastafari movement (Bio.com). Marcus Garvey was born in Jamaica in 1887 where he was self-educated. He was born as the last of eleven children to a farmer and a stone mason. Garvey stated that his father had a strong influence on him, being a bold and determined man. His father kept a library which is how Garvey learned to read (Bio.com). At the age of fourteen, Marcus Garvey started working for a printer, and later traveled to America where he was a writer and editor, focusing mainly on the exploitation of migrant workers in the Southern plantations. He eventually worked for the African Times and Orient Review after college where he learned about Pan-Africanism, which was a common topic in this review (Bio.com)....
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...AFRICAN PRINTS IN RETROSPECT: A CASE FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT Abstract The paper investigated the nature of machine-produced fabric commercially termed African prints by focusing on a select sample of these prints. It established that the general design characteristics of this print are an amalgam of mainly Javanese, Indian, Chinese, Arab and European artistic tradition. It also explores the desirability and choice of certain design characteristics discovered in a wide range of African textile traditions from Africa south of the Sahara and their application with possible design concepts Akinwumi (2008:3) African print was developed from batik, the latter being of Indian origin. Batik diffused from India to Indonesian islands and Japan while its subsequent perfection was made possible by the Javanese before the thirteen century. Because batik was of Hindu origin, its sacred importance was associated with women’s birth, initiation, marriage etc. The Javanese developed a high level of batik artistry before they were colonized. They produced many symbolic and non-symbolic patterns. While under the rule of the Indians, Chinese, Islamic clerics and the Dutch, the Javanese were influenced by an influx of new ideas from the cultures of their overlords. Consequently, some Chinese mythology and Buddhist themes were borrowed and incorporated in their batik. And greater development of geometric designs was made manifest more than before during the short period Java was made an Islamic state...
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...Shawn Palmares 77650 English Comp2 Contrast Essay In the early nineteen hundreds when black segregation was a big problem in the united states. A young black figure was born by the name of Malcolm X. His father was a preacher who was spreading the word of Marcus Aurelius Garvey. That being for african american people to just go back to Africa because they would be better off there. He felt as if they would be at peace only if they were on there homeland. This goes to show that the people in the nightmare article was scared and feared the white man. It seem like they were scared to stand up and fight they try to take the easy way out and leave. The people in the Black Mixtape were different. They weren't afraid to stand up to the white man for what they believed in. They believed that everyone should be treated equal. They wanted to end all segregation and be treated as the white man and they were ready to go to any such extent to get there message across. The Black Panthers was a group of african americans who were among the people on the mixtape who went into the California Assembly with loaded rifles. This goes to show you the difference from the two groups of the blacks. One was ready to die for wat they believed in and was going to do what ever they had as to the ones who were just going to get away before the shit hit the...
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...Lion The Lion of Jadah is an important symbil to Rastas. The lion appears on the Imperial Ethiopian flag, used in Haile Selassie I's Ethiopia.the lion also signifies strength in one self the rastas believe that they are as strong as a lion.it is also said that the lion appeared on king saloman grave. Dreadlocks The wearing of dreadlicks is very closely associated with the movement. They follow the says ("They shall not make baldness upon their hed, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in the flesh."), ("All the days of the vow of his separation there shall no razsr come upon his head: until the days be fulfilled, in the which he separateth himself unto the Lord, he shall be holy, and shall let the locks of the hair of his head grow."). this is what the rastas believe in an this is what thet live by colors The Rastafari colors of green, gold and red (sometimes also including black) are very commonly sported on the Rastafari flag, icons, badges, posters etc. The green, gold and red are the colors of the Ethiopian flag and show the loyalty Rastafari feel towards the Ethiopian state in the reign of Haile Selassie. The red, black and green were the colors used to represent Africa by the Marcus Garvey movement. Red is said to signify the blood of martyrs, green the vegetation and beauty of Ethiopia, and gold the wealth of...
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...Song of Freedom Knowing that this film Song of Freedom was made in 1936, I was very surprised to see how the film was formed. When watching this film, I based it upon what I grew up learning about segregation between whites and blacks and how difficult and long it took for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to pass. Not knowing much about European countries, I was confused to see that black and whites were working together and better yet sharing hobbies with one another such as singing. While watching this musical film, I realized that it strongly relates to what we are learning in this Pan African Studies course. What I saw that really caught my attention was Paul Robeson playing John Zinga’s character. In this film, John was a great example of twoness. John was an African American man that grew up in London and was unsure about where he came from exactly. He never had a true understanding of what type of person he was which was why he strived to reach his goal of returning to Africa. John was caught between what he grew up learning which was westernized and the African traditions he was born with. Although this film was not allowed to be aired in the United States, I feel that it sent out a really strong message to people which is a sense of respect and friendship between blacks and whites. I also strongly believe that it changed many people’s views about racial segregation and got people to be more accepting about the changes that were made in society. In addition, even though...
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...Decolonization of Africa 1. Pre-WWI Africa was being colonized at this time. 2. WWI and Interwar * Africa came under Euro control in decades before WWI * Missionary efforts small groups of Western-educated Africans * Educated Africans loyal to Britain and France during WWI * British and French able to draw on their African colonies for soldiers and materials throughout the war * Local rebellions in Africa * Shipping shortages and sudden decline in demands for crops like cocoa * Africans not happy to go hungry so that armies could be fed * War taught Africans to kill white people * Broken promises- Better jobs and public honors not given to young Africans who fought in the war * Protests intensified, especially during G. Depression * Nationalist merchants began to organize under leaders like Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. DuBois * Led conferences that stirred anticolonial feelings among educated Africans * Well-educated Africans represented in French parliament * French-speaking Africans concentrated their organizational and ideological efforts in Paris with the negrtitude movement * African societies celebrated * Western-educated Africans in British territories were given greater opportunities in Africa itself * African leaders formed relationships with nationalists of other British colonies * Granted some representation in colonial advisory councils by British * Emphasis on colony specific mobilization ...
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...As flag carrier of Ethiopia, Ethiopian Airlines has become one of the continent’s leading carriers, unrivalled in Africa for efficiency and operational success, turning profits for most years of its existence. Ethiopian Airlines was established on December 21, 1945. As one of the pioneer African Airlines, Ethiopian has come a long way since its humble beginning, with DC-3/C-47 aircraft. Operating at the forefront of technology, it has now become one of Ethiopia’s major industries and a veritable institution in Africa, operating a modern and environmental friendly fleet. It commands a lion’s share of the pan African network including the only daily east-west flight across the continent. The airline is currently implementing its 15-year strategic plan called "Vision 2025" with the goal of becoming the leading aviation group in Africa. Beyond the passenger airline business, the Aviation Group is diversifying into seven profit centers with ten billion dollars in revenue. The profit centers of the Ethiopian Aviation Group are: Ethiopian International, Ethiopian Regional, Ethiopian Cargo Services, Ethiopian MRO Services, Ethiopian Aviation Academy, Ethiopian Catering Services and Ethiopian Ground Services. During the period 2011-12 Ethiopian carried 4.6 million passengers, successfully competing with other airlines with respect to modern equipment, convenience of connections, and quality of service. Its green, yellow and red emblem is recognized almost everywhere as the symbol...
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...Las legumbres son un alimento imprescindible en la dieta. Se consideran como tales a los frutos secos o semillas comestibles de las leguminosas que aparecen en vainas, que en ocasiones también son comestibles. Entre las principales se encuentran: las alfalfas, guisantes, habas, frijoles, judías, alubias, judías verdes, garbanzos, lentejas, altramuces, cacahuetes y la soja. A continuación detallamos algunos de los nutrientes más comunes que necesitas y sus valores correspondientes: Nutriente | Necesario Para | Las Mejores Fuentes | Proteínas | Crecimiento de las células y producción de sangre | Carnes magras, pescado, pollo, claras de huevo, habas, mantequilla de maní, tofu (soja) | Carbohidratos | Producción diaria de energía | Pan, cereales, arroz, patatas, pasta, frutas, vegetales | Calcio | Huesos y dientes fuertes, contracción de los músculos, funcionamiento de los nervios | Leche, queso, yogurt, sardinas o salmón con espinas, espinacas | Hierro | Producción de glóbulos rojos (necesarios para prevenir la anemia) | Carne roja magra, espinacas, panes y cereales enriquecidos con hierro | Vitamina A | Piel saludable, Buena visión, huesos fuertes | Zanahorias, vegetales de hojas...
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...Patrocinio y Mecenazgo Integrantes: - Galo Agama - Karina Ludeña - Javier Mera - Pamela Mullo - Andrea Proaño Celi Cuenta: Martinizing Martinizing abre sus puertas el 8 de marzo de 1967 en un local situado en la Av. Colón y Rábida en Quito, en el cual se atendía con la ayuda de 8 empleados. Hoy MARTINIZING, presta sus servicios al país con 159 locales en las ciudades de Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca, Azogues, Ambato, Loja, Ibarra, Latacunga, Riobamba, Salcedo, Otavalo, Cayambe, Atuntaqui, Cotacachi, Milagro, Manta, Salinas, Portoviejo y Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, con la colaboración de 468 empleados, que se esmeran por mantener en alto su eslogan "LO MEJOR EN LAVADO EN SECO", y hacen de MARTINIZING la empresa líder en su ramo, por la confianza de miles de Clientes que día a día la prefieren. ( “LA ROPA SUCIA YA NO SE LAVA EN CASA!” Misión: “Somos Martinizing, un gran equipo humano, expertos en limpieza y cuidado de sus prendas; nuestra prioridad es el Cliente” Martinizing creó La Fundación Corazones Limpios que es una organización sin fines de lucro y de carácter benéfico, creada con el objetivo de aportar con soluciones para el desarrollo de personas de escasos recursos. La creación de Centros Integrales de Desarrollo Infantil está orientada a facilitar a niños y niñas de tres meses a cinco años de edad el acceso a la salud, educación inicial, capacitación, alimentación, vestuario y cuidado...
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...clase de español a las doce. Después de español como el almuerzo por un hora. Después de almuerzo yo tengo biología por un hora. Después de biología tengo clase de levantamiento de pesas por una hora. después de todas mis clases tengo tiempo libre. En mi tiempo libre me gusta tocar el piano y leer libros. me acuesto a las diez de la noche.Ahora estoy comiendo mucho porque quiero aumentar el peso. Para desayuno como dos bagels, cuatro huevos, un plato de cereal, frutas con yogur y papas rayadas. Bebo la leche, agua, jugo de manzana y sobe. Para el almuerzo como manzanas, frijoles arroz, pechuga de pollo, espinacas, patatas y sándwiches. Bebo leche, jugo de naranja y el agua. para la cena como tacos de pollo, carne, brócoli, puré de patatas y pan con mantequilla de maní. bebo leche, agua y jugo de arándano. Entre las comidas bebo Muscle milk. Me casa es su casa! Mi dormitorio...
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