...American businesspeople announced the formation of a canal building company, with interests in constructing a canal system across the Isthmus. This project was to take place in an area now called Panama. The endeavor was filled with controversy. Though the canal itself was not built until the early 1900's every step toward the building and ownership, was saturated with difficulty. Walter LaFeber illustrates the dilemmas in a historical analysis. In his work he states five questions that address the significance of the Panama Canal to United States. This paper will discuss the historical perspective of the book's author, address pertinent three questions and give a critique of LaFeber's work, The Panama Canal. For proper historical analysis one must understand the importance of the Canal. The Panama Canal and the Canal Zone (the immediate area surrounding the Canal) are important areas used for trade. Even before the canal was built there were to large ports on both sides of the Isthmus. Large amounts of cargo passed through the Isthmus by a railroad that connected the two ports. The most important cargo was the gold mined in California before the transcontinental railroad was completed in the United States. It has strategic significance because of its location, acting as a gateway connecting the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. This allows for rapid naval deployment between fleets in either ocean. These two facets make the Panama Canal very important in the region. LaFeber notes that...
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...labor-intensive employment in the initial phases of economic development. Women follow later to take up more permanent service employment as maids, domestics, and cleaners” (Almer, 99). The significance of the quote is its showing the emergence of a labor model that has shaped the Caribbean for generations. In the beginning of the twentieth century poor eastern Caribbean women followed male migrant workers to various places such as: the Panama Canal, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Trinidad, Curacao, and Aruba in order to provide for their families. Eastern Caribbean women have developed their own family model, which include non-marital relationships and freedom to travel for work. According to eastern Caribbean social norms poor women are expected to have children and support them financially. This results in women leaving their children with extended family and supporting them by working in distant places (99). During the Pre-1960s women migrant workers found employment as seamstresses, cooks, laundresses, and maids at labor camps located in the Panama Canal Zone, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic (100). When employment on these islands decreased, women followed the labor migrant pattern again by traveling to Trinidad, Curacao and Aruba to perform domestic work (101). “The female labor migrants experienced a form of freedom and independence that came with consistent predictable wages. These migrant domestics were economic mainstays for their dependents left behind in their sending societies”...
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...SUMMARY (U) INFORMATION BRIEF–CULTURAL ANALYSIS ON PANAMA (U) (______________) Panama, known as the “Crossroads to the Americas”, is the southernmost country in Central America, located north of Columbia and south of Costa Rica. It is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. In both the east and west there are mountain ranges which develop into hills and dense jungle in the central part of Panama. Temperatures range from tropical and humid in the lower lying areas, to cool and pleasant in higher altitudes. The coasts are primarily lowlands with smaller islands located just off shore. The Panama Canal divides the country in half and connects the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea. The population is about 3.5 million. The majority of the population is mestizo, 70%, which is a person with mixed European and Indian ancestry. The rest of the population is 14% West Indian, 10% white, and 6% indigenous. The indigenous population is composed of seven distinct groups which are the Kuna, Embera, Waounan, Ngobe, Bugle, Nassau, and Terribe people. The majority of the population lives in urban areas, with more than half the population living in the Panama City-Colon metropolitan corridor. The Roman Catholic faith is Panama’s predominant religion. Spanish serves as the official language but English is widely used in business and is spoken by most West Indians. About 75% of Panama’s income comes from the Panama Canal, banking, the Colon Free Zone, insurance companies, harbor dues, flagship...
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...The Nicaraguan Canal: Globalism in (In)Action The proposed Nicaraguan Grand Interoceanic Canal is three times as long and twice as deep as the Panama Canal (Watts, 2015). The increased size would allow the Nicaraguan Grand Canal to accommodate shipping vessels significantly larger than what the Panama Canal can currently fit, and was a central theme of President Daniel Ortega’s victorious 2013 reelection campaign. The massive project is funded by Chinese billionaire Wang Jing, and controversy surrounding the proposal has prompted a number of stakeholders on either side to speak out. Proponents of the project view the canal as a mechanism to bolster the country’s economy through increased foreign investment, free-market trade, and the creation...
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...PROJECT PART 1. EXPLORATION OF RISK: CONSTRUCTION OF THE THIRD SHIPPING LANE THROUGH THE PANAMA CANAL Presented to: R. Hiles PM595 Prepared by: Carlton D. Clyburn Jr. OCTOBER 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. Exploration of Risks 4 III. Fault Trees 4 a. Fault Tree: Project Completion Delay 5 b. Fault Tree: Changes in Cost Projections (Overruns) 6 IV. Conclusion 7 V. References 8 Introduction Construction of a third shipping lane through the Panama Canal has begun and it is a collaboration of contractors and manufacturers from around the globe working in unison to exacting concrete and design specifications. The Panama Canal’s third lane expansion involves building enormous new locks that will accommodate the new generation of shipping vessels that are about three times the size of “Panamax” ships constructed to fit precisely in the existing canal’s lock chambers. According to the vessel glossary of the World Trade Ref, the Panamax is defined as: “An ocean-going cargo vessel of the maximum size possible to pass through the locks of the Panama Canal, which are 1000ft long by 110ft wide and 85ft deep. These vessels are typically of 50,000 to 80,000 dwt, 965ft (290m) in length; 106ft. (32.3m) beam; and 39.5ft (12.04m) draft.” The new locks on the Atlantic and Pacific entrances will consist of a trio of chambers measuring 1400ft (427m) long, 180ft (55m)...
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...Ingenieria Comercial | Economic development in Panama between 1995-2010 | Taller de Economía Empresarial | | José Venegas Rojas | | Professor: John Cobin Santiago, Chile 2013 I. - Introduction. The controlling purpose of this paper is to review the academic literature about the economic development of Panama between 1995-2010 in Panama City. Panama is among the twenty economies which have grown the most in the past ten years, according to the World Bank, which curiously matches giving ones the administration of the Panama Canal by the United States to Panama in 1999. Most of the buildings in Panama City were built around 2000 and in order to observe this change, the financial statements of the country when it still belonged to the United States, will be analyzed so that it can be possible to consider a factor in the economic development in this country. On December 31, 1999, at midday the Panama Republic took administrative control of the Panama Canal after a long process of negotiation which started in 1977 with the signing of the Treaty between the President Jimmy Carter from the United States and the Panama president Omar Torrijos. This Treaty stated that it was an important issue that Panama guaranteed the neutrality of the Canal. This step of command happened after almost eighty-five years of diplomatic negotiations between the US and Panama. Many Panamanians considered the administration of the Panama Canal as its Third Independence after Independence...
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...THEORIES OF THE LOCATION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 1. INTRODUCTION The movement of capital as foreign direct investment (FDI) that has been seen in the world, and their concentrations at international and regional level has led, for decades now, to the emergence of various theories that intend to explain and justify why that motivate and manage to be determining what factors to establish the place in which it was made. The main ideas of these approaches are discussed briefly herein in order to elaborate on this phenomenon, although there is no agreed explanation regarding the causes of the location of this type of investment and of the features that must meet the destination to attract this level of investment. FDI globally decreased 18% in 20121, reaching USD 1.35 billion. The fragile state of the global economy and the uncertain situation in politics were the main causes. Considering the estimates of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), by the end of the year 2013 FDI will have reached a level close to the 2012 level. With the gradual improvement in macroeconomic conditions globally will increase investor confidence in the medium term, "transnational corporations (TNCs) could convert their record levels of cash holdings in new investments. FDI flows could then reach the level of 1.6 billion dollars in 2014 and 1.8 billion in 2015 "(see Figure 1), although the agency warns that there is a risk that a decline in FDI share...
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...Recession A significant decline in activity across the economy, lasting longer than a few months. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale-retail trade. The technical indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth as measured by a country's gross domestic product (GDP); although the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) does not necessarily need to see this occur to call a recession. Recession is a normal (albeit unpleasant) part of the business cycle; however, one-time crisis events can often trigger the onset of a recession. The global recession of 2008-2009 brought a great amount of attention to the risky investment strategies used by many large financial institutions, along with the truly global nature of the financial system. As a result of such a wide-spread global recession, the economies of virtually all the world's developed and developing nations suffered extreme set-backs and numerous government policies were implemented to help prevent a similar future financial crisis. A recession generally lasts from six to 18 months, and interest rates usually fall in during these months to stimulate the economy by offering cheap rates at which to borrow money. The sharp decline in economic activity during the late 2000s, which is generally considered the largest downturn since the Great Depression. The term “Great Recession” applies to both the U.S. recession – officially lasting from December 2007...
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...all areas of our economy. Hence, since the introduction of the Logistic Hub the Jamaica Government has been seeking a suitable location to implement and develop the logistic site. The most suitable location according to research was identified as the Goat Island. The Goat Island project has been debated whether or not it should be sold to the Japanese or Chinese government to develop a Logistic Hub in Jamaica. It has become a major concern to Jamaicans and has been frequently in the news about the impact that it will have on the Jamaica Tourism Product. The Jamaican Government plans to embark on the Global Logistics Hub Initiative in order to capitalize on the trade and business opportunities that will emanate from the expansion of the Panama Canal which is scheduled for completion in 2015. According to studies done by the Ministry of Industry Investment and Commerce the Logistics Hub will have positive impact on the Jamaican economy as it will create jobs for the Jamaican people and also help to increase the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This paper is organized in the following way. Section 1 will introduce the study the Logistic hub which will give readers an understanding of what a logistic hub really is, section 2 will be comprised of the Literature review of the Logistic Hub which is a basic summation of topics and sub topics that will be discussed. Section 3 will deal with the methodology used in the collection of information and sources. Section 4 will discuss the main findings...
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...History Galveston Island was discovered by Juan de Grijalva in 1519 with the first settlement established in 1816 by French Privateer Louis-Michel Aury. Over three hundred years later, the Port of Galveston was officially established as a port in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico making it the oldest port west of New Orleans. But its unofficial roots can be traced to 1817 when pirate Jean Lafitte landed on Galveston Island and made it the base for his operations. Through the 1800’s and into the 1900’s the Port of Galveston grew to be one of the busiest ports in the United States second only to New York City. Common cargoes handled during the boom years included cotton, wheat, cattle and rice. Today Fast forward to today and The Port of Galveston is an enterprise utility of the City of Galveston receiving no tax payer support. The port is overseen by a six person Board of Trustees appointed by the City Council. The Port Director is responsible for the day to day activity of the Port with the Board providing input on policy and direction. The port is essentially a landlord port and therefore not involved with the operations of its “tenants”, but structures leases and agreements so there is a return on its investments. But the port is not guided solely on attaining a ROI but also seeks to act as an economic driver for the region so job creation is a key component in decision making. Attributes The Port of Galveston is located on the northern shore of the barrier...
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...………………………………………………………….………………………3 HISTORY……………………………………………………..…………………………..3 POLITICS…………………………………………………..……………………………..3 FOREIGN RELATIONS…………………………………………………….……………5 FOREIGN RELATIONS WITH THE U.S………………………………………..………6 FOREIGN POLICY DECISION MAKING………………………………………………7 DEMOGRAPHICS……………………………………………………………..…………8 RELIGION…………………………………………………….…………………………..9 HEALTH………………………………………..………………………………………..10 INFRASTRUCTURE……………………………………………………………………10 ECONOMY……………………………………….………………………….……… …11 2. ECOPETROL S.A. COMPANY OVERVIEW…………………………….…………… …12 BACKGROUND………………………………………………………………… ……..12 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE……………………………………..…… ………12 MERGERS AND AQUITITIONS………………………………………………………14 COMPETITORS……………………………………………………….……… ………..14 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS…………………………………………………….. ………..15 RIVALRY COMPARISON…………………………………………………… ……….16 FUTURE GOALS…………………………………………………………..… ………..17 3. CAPITAL MARKET OVERVIEW…………………………………………………………18 INFLATION …………………………………………..………………….……………..18 CURRENT RISK……………………………………………………….………………..18 FINANCIAL CRISIS……………………………………………………..……………..19 INVESTMENT RECOMMENDATION………………………………..………………19 4. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………….…….…………………..20 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………..………………………………..21 COLOMBIA HISTORY During the pre-Colombian period, the area now known as Colombia was inhabited by indigenous societies ranging from hunters and nomadic farmers to the highly structured economy of the Chibchas, who are considered to have been one of the most developed indigenous...
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...UNCTAD Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 For further information on UNCTAD’s work on trade logistics, please visit: http://unctad.org/ttl and for the Review of Maritime Transport 2014: http://unctad.org/rmt E-mail: rmt@unctad.org Layout and printed at United Nations, Geneva 1418912 (E)–November 2014–2,062 UNCTADRMT2014 United Nations publication Sales No. E.14.II.D.5 UNITED NATIONS ISBN 978-92-1-112878-9 Photo credit : © Jan Hoffmann To read more and to subscribe to the UNCTAD Transport Newsletter, please visit: http://unctad.org/transportnews U n i t e d n at i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 U n i t e d n at i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 New York and Geneva, 2014 REVIEW OF MARITIME TRANSPORT 2014 ii NOTE The Review of Maritime Transport is a recurrent publication prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat since 1968 with the aim of fostering the transparency of maritime markets and analysing relevant developments. Any factual or editorial corrections that may prove necessary, based on comments made by Governments, will be reflected in a corrigendum to be issued subsequently. * ** Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Use of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. * ** The designations...
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...Assignment Submission Declaration School of __________________________ | | Name: | <please leave blank> | | | Matriculation No: | 44081 | | | Title: | South China Sea: Recipe for War Between China and ASEAN? | | | Course and Code: | ADSP | | | Lecturer/Tutor: | A/P Bernard Loo | | | Submission Date: | 8 Apr 13 | | Keep a Copy of the Assignment Please make a copy of your work. If you have submitted your assignment electronically also make a backup copy. Plagiarism and Collusion Plagiarism: to use or pass off as one’s own, the writings or ideas of another without acknowledging or crediting the source from which the ideas are taken. Collusion: submitting an assignment, project or report completed by another person and passing it off as one’s own (as defined in the NTU Honour Code. See http://academicintegrity.ntu.edu.sg/). Penalties for Plagiarism and Collusion The penalties associated with plagiarism exist to reward good academic conduct; those who cheat will be severely punished to reflect the seriousness with which NTU views cheating, and its commitment to academic integrity. Penalties may include: the requirement to revise and resubmit an assignment, receiving a lower grade, or receiving an F grade for the assignment. DeclarationI declare that this assignment is my own work, unless otherwise referenced, as defined by the NTU policy on plagiarism. I have read the NTU Honour Code and Pledge. http://www.ntu.edu.sg/sao/Pages/HonourCode...
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...This article was downloaded by: [Tsinghua University] On: 19 March 2014, At: 22:22 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The Journal of Peasant Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fjps20 Land grabbing in Latin America and the Caribbean Saturnino M. Borras Jr. , Jennifer C. Franco , Sergio Gómez , Cristóbal Kay & Max Spoor Published online: 28 May 2012. To cite this article: Saturnino M. Borras Jr. , Jennifer C. Franco , Sergio Gómez , Cristóbal Kay & Max Spoor (2012) Land grabbing in Latin America and the Caribbean, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 39:3-4, 845-872, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2012.679931 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2012.679931 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently...
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...headphones will be placed in from a retail point of view taking an overview of the sector and then looking at some of the major companies that dominate the headphone market currently. We will examine three possible market locations both from a retail perspective and a development perspective to establish the best possible location for the development of this innovative product. We will then examine the role of the customer and how their role has shaped the development of this concept with a focus on health and safety concerns that lie at the heart of this innovative process. We will finish with a view of how the headphone market will develop and where we see our headphone development in this future. Included in our appendices will be analysis of the development possibilities of China, India and Northern Ireland which will be explored further in the group presentation....
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