...Paranoid schizophrenia, what must the nurse assess? How do they go about assessing? Upon assessing, how will the nurse manage the outcomes of the assessment? These important questions are what this paper will resolve. Through review of recent literature into the assessment and management of individuals affected by paranoid schizophrenia, this paper will discuss in detail how the nurse goes about assessing the patient, why assessment is vital, common outcomes of the assessment and finally go into detail on how the nurse manages a patient with paranoid schizophrenia. Stein-Parbury (2009) discuss the importance of providing an environment without distractions for an assessment to occur in, as this enhances the ability of both the patient and nurse to listen and understand. This can assist with patients with paranoid schizophrenia, experiencing perceptual disturbances or delusions. It is also important to provide a space that is private, thus giving the patient a sense of safety in disclosing personal information. Snyderman and Rovner (2009) highlight the importance of using a Mental State Examination (MSE), to assess the patients’ mental state and to aid in diagnosing a patients’ mental illness through identifying a range of sections including thought form, content and mood. It also enables the treating team to formulate a plan individualised to the patients needs. The following areas should be assessed in a mental state examination (MSE). Appearance including the physical characteristics...
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...Paranoid Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder which is described as a collapse of thought process and poor emotional responsiveness. Schizophrenia contains several subtypes: paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual, post-schizophrenic, and simple schizophrenia. Some scholars distinguish even more sub-classifications of this illness (Bertelsen, 89). Paranoid schizophrenia is one of the most widespread schizophrenia types all over the world. Delusions and hallucinations are the key symptoms which make paranoid schizophrenia most divergent from other types of this kind of mental disorder. A delusion is a confidence detained with powerful belief, despite superior proof to the opposite. The most common delusion for paranoid schizophrenia is the sensation of being singled out for harm. There are also delusions of splendor, beliefs in being able to fly, or assurance to be famous. There is a steady holding up to these false thoughts, despite proofs on the contrary. Delusions can result in belligerence or aggression if it is a strict belief in the need to act in self-defense against anybody with harmful intentions (Bertelsen, 91). Hallucination is a sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind. It is usually caused by physical or mental disorders. Auditory hallucinations are more common for paranoid schizophrenia than visual ones. Auditory hallucination is the perception of sound nobody else can hear. In most cases a schizophrenic...
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...Psychological Disorder Paper – Paranoid Schizophrenia The DSM-IV defines paranoid schizophrenia as “a type of schizophrenia in which the following criteria are met: A. Preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations. B. None of the following is prominent: disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, or flat or inappropriate affect.” And that “delusions and auditory hallucinations predominate in patients with this subtype of Schizophrenia while their affective and cognitive functioning remain relatively intact.” Auditory hallucinations means a person will hear voices, and with paranoid schizophrenia, they generally will give a running critique or command the person to do things. Some other signs of paranoid schizophrenia are anxiety, anger, violence, arguments, and suicidal thoughts. (Mayo Clinic) The surgeon general’s website states that “the cause of schizophrenia has not yet been determined, although research points to the interaction of genetic endowment and major environmental upheaval during development of the brain.” There are a few common anatomical abnormalities in the brain in those with schizophrenia, however “Researchers believe that the dysfunctions are present in brain circuitry rather than in one or two localized areas of the brain” The movie I watched was The Soloist. In this movie, a reporter, Steve Lopez, comes across a homeless man playing the violin. The man is Nathaniel Ayer, and the reporter learns he went to...
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...Paranoid Schizophrenia Case: Daniel Paul Schreber Born on July 25, 1842, Daniel Schreber was known as a distinguished and renowned judge who suffered from psychosis when he was in his middle ages (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). The text describes Schreber’s obsessed thoughts as having sex as a female were the beginnings of his psychotic episodes. For Schreber, this contained a lot of frightening and unfamiliar imagery and considered it to be an outside source that compelled him to think this way as opposed to coming from himself; from within. Thinking irrationally, he suspected that his doctors were somehow implanting these thoughts in his brain with the use of hypnosis and telepathy (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). After some additional thinking, Schreber began to believe that his thoughts were instilled within him by God and that is was God’s decision to make him a woman. Although he figured this was beyond human ability and deemed as “miraculous” it still tormented him (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). The text describes Schreber’s case as containing many different personality disorders, or abnormal disorders, such as anxiety and mood disorders. Freud described Schreber’s primary symptoms as paranoid schizophrenia as well as psychosis in nature. Freud came to the conclusion that Schreber’s thoughts and delusions were brought on upon by his rejection and denial of his homosexuality (Meyer, Chapman, et al., 2009). Other psychologist at the time believed that homosexuality...
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...This essay will focus on paranoid schizophrenia as a mental disorder and its various causes that include social withdrawal; cognitive dysfunction, genetics, psychological and biological considerations. It will briefly analyse the stress vulnerability model and the criteria for schizophrenic diagnosis used primarily to test the symptom of schizophrenia by physicians. During the demonstration of this topic the epidemiology, prevalence and prognosis will be discussed as well as the concepts of recovery and prevention. In addition, this essay will examine communication and professionalism together with the treatment and intervention process. The essay will discussed the use of drugs in treating or managing the condition and the effects upon the...
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...that the following Donnie Darko has earned through beautiful portrayal of a tormented soul is made up of mainly adolescents. In the film, Donnie is said to suffer from paranoid schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is defined as: a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental illness characterized by impairments in the perception or expression of reality, most commonly manifesting as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions or disorganized speech and thinking in the context of significant social or occupational dysfunction. Paranoid schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia. In Donnie Darko, many of the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia are obvious in Donnie and the events that happen are easy to believe are staged in the mind of an individual suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. Onset of Schizophrenia is usually late adolescence to early adulthood, and specifically in males most of the time schizophrenia appears in males in their late teenage years and early twenties; specifically 16 to 24. Thus, in Donnie Darko it is very reasonable in its portrayal of paranoid schizophrenia in young Donnie Darko. Although in the film fantasy plays a role which oftentimes overshadows the psychological aspect, Donnie’s behavior is typical of paranoid schizophrenics. Symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia in teenagers...
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...The Affects of Paranoid Schizophrenia In the Brain Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that can cause people to lose touch with reality. Some people are convinced they hear or see things that are not there, which are hallucinations and these people become delusional. In Paranoid Schizophrenia, some people that become delusional develop persecution of person dignity. It is caused by a chemical reaction in the brain and some are not even sure of how people come about to have this disorder. The first signs of Paranoid Schizophrenia maybe begin to show anywhere between the ages of 15 to 35.There is no permanent cure for this disorder but there is medication that can be given to show less symptoms of it. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are given antipsychotic medication that reduces the symptoms and usually allows the patient to live a more functional normal life. There are many different types of schizophrenia the affect a vast majority of people that live around the world. There is more of a chance being diagnosed with schizophrenia than developing AIDS. Paranoid Schizophrenia is a disorder that inhabits many people, both males and females. People with this condition have constant feelings that they are being watched, followed or betrayed all the time. Many people with schizophrenia do decide to end their lives. There have been studies conducted that show this can be caused by genetics, psychological and social process, and early environment. Some patients may be given medication...
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...Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder. English term schizophrenia comes from two Greek words that mean “split mind” it was found in 1908 by Eugene Bleuler Swiss doctor. Main characteristic of schizophrenia splitting apart of mental functions. Schizophrenia is a group of disorders, which affects thinking, emotions, behavior. Most of the people who diagnosed with schizophrenia disorder may have enhanced perceptions of sounds, and colors. There are two different types of such disorder type one and type two. It is split in to five different subtypes Paranoid, Disorganized, Catatonic, Undifferentiated, and Residual. Schizophrenia is one of the mental disorders that is more common in one racial group than the other, and have different effect on the person according to their racial group. Many times schizophrenia is misdiagnosed with autism especially in children by the persistence of hallucinations and delusions for at least six months, and a later age of onset seven years old. Children with schizophrenia is educated in special schools where they get extra help and surrounded with the faculty that trained to work with children that have mental disorders. When it comes to outside world people might be discriminated against because of schizophrenia, there for law were created to protect you if you are schizophrenic. There is a lot of treatments and medication to treat such disorder but actual cure is not found. ...
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...Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic brain disorder in which a person interprets actual reality abnormally. It is a mental disorder that makes it difficult to think clearly, have normal responses to emotions, act normal in a social setting, and tell the difference between their own interpretation of reality and actual reality. There are several types of Schizophrenia: paranoid, undifferentiated, disorganized, residual, and catatonic schizophrenia. The assumption is that schizophrenia is split or multiple personalities. Schizophrenia is defined as “split mind” but this references the disruption in normal balance of emotions and thinking. Schizophrenia is a chronic condition that requires lifelong treatment. Paranoid Schizophrenia is the most common type of Schizophrenia. It is when a person loses touch with reality. A person’s ability to function and think normally daily is altered more than during other types of schizophrenia. However, it includes fewer problems with concentration, memory, and/or lack of emotion. It is still a serious lifelong condition that can lead to many different complications. Doctors do not completely know what causes this disorder. Researchers have theories that it is caused by certain neural chemicals that are impaired and links have been found to abnormal regulation of the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate. Even though there is no specific known cause, there are risk factors that can increase the chances of being diagnosed...
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...that cause schizophrenia: genetics, brain chemistry, and your environment. Heredity is a major constituent when it comes to schizophrenia. An individual, whose parents or siblings have the illness, is at a ten percent higher risk of developing schizophrenia. According to scientists, there is no specific gene that causes the illness, but rather that several genes are related to the increased risk of schizophrenia (“What Causes Schizophrenia?”). Genetics allows us to understand how the brain uses specific chemicals. The brain consists of neurons and neurotransmitters. Individuals with schizophrenia have a chemical disparity of neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. These neurotransmitters authorize for nerve cells located...
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...Diagnosis Schizophrenia is a widely recognized chronic and severe psychiatric disorder which according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2009) guidelines, affects one per-cent of the UK population. Schizophrenia can be classified as an overall category for the mental illness; however, diagnostic tools such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) reveal the variations of the psychiatric disorder. This essay will explore and focus on one specific subtype of the mental illness. Paranoid Schizophrenia. According to T.Davies and T.Craig (2009, p45), Paranoid Schizophrenia is one of the most common subtypes of the psychotic illness which affects the individuals variation of emotion, thinking and behaviour. Through extensive research, this essay will uncover the definition of paranoid schizophrenia, its manifestations and possible causes. Key issues such as symptoms, epidemiology, prevalence, co-morbidity, prognosis, treatment and interventions will also be critically reviewed and discussed. Lastly, this essay will also analyse guidelines, policies and regulations that influence interventions and the effects of paranoid schizophrenia on the individual, their families, carers and friends. There are various subtypes of schizophrenia such as undifferentiated, residual, simple, other and unspecified schizophrenia with the three most common being Paranoid, Hebephrenic...
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...Lacey Smith January 20, 2015 CJ 233: Forensic Psychology Professor Araujo Unit 9 Final Project I have a client in which has been committed to the psychiatric facility for a restoration of competency. This was after the judge in his case determined that he was not competent enough to stand trial and was sentenced to the psychiatric facility for treatment. The client has been here at the facility for three months now and the judge has ordered for a new competency evaluation to be completed. In order to complete the evaluation I need to know exactly why my client has been brought here. I understand that he was on trial for murder but I need to know more about the case so I need to read his file because I feel as though I should familiarize myself with the entire case. According to the police report the incident occurred on February the fourth of last year. The police officers were responding to a reported shooting at the home of John and Jane Wilson. The police officers arrived to the scene they found the body of John Wilson leaning against the house on the steps that enter into the kitchen. The police also found Jane Wilson lying with her head in her husband’s lap. The bodies were covered in blood and there were not any pulses on either of the bodies. The witnesses who had discovered the bodies of the Wilson’s were family friends in which upon their arrival to the Wilson home they were meet by the Wilson’s son Edward who came out of the house and told them to leave because...
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...Charles. At the university, John spends an unprecedented amount of time on an original mathematical theory and finally comes up with a theory that earns him recognition. Later, Nash then begins giving math lectures at MIT where he eventually meets his wife and starts his second job. Nash’s second job is top-secret, -and involves a mission to figure out where different bombings around the world will take place. Nash becomes paranoid after he drops off one of his top-secret code-breakers and things go awry. Things take a turn when Nash is supposed to be giving a lecture and people who he thinks are Russian spies start to chase him. The audience learns that these “spies” are from a psychiatric ward, and that they have come to take Nash into their care. These top secret missions and numerous assignments that Nash has been working on are, in fact, the symptoms of his illness -a psychological disorder called schizophrenia. In actuality, the assignments are not based on reality and are instead products of Nash’s mind. The audience notices first sign of Nash’s schizophrenia at this point in the movie, - when Nash is talking to Charles at the ward but in reality, no one is present other than the psychiatrist. This is when Nash is faced with the harsh reality that the life he has been living is a lie. The audience has discovered that all of his top-secret missions are made up and that Charles, his best friend, does not even exist… except for in his mind. The movie highlights Nash’s struggles...
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...involved in a conspiracy plot. Nash grows to be more and more paranoid only to find out that he has been diagnosed with Paranoid Schizophrenia. It is now up to Alicia and Dr. Rosen to help Nash recover to a strong mental state and help regain his status as a great and talented mathematician. John Nash has difficulty interacting with simple day-to-day situations in society. One specific scene involves a man coming up to Dr. Nash but Dr. Nash first asks a student if they can see the man as well. Nash then apologizes to the man and explains that he gets skeptical of people he has never met before due to his schizophrenia and his hallucinations. A scene that best explains societies perception on Nash’s disability is when Nash goes back to Princeton and approaches his old friend and rival, Martin Hansen, who is now the head of the Princeton mathematics department. Hansen grants Nash permission to work out the library and audit classes. The scene ends with him storming out of the library and screaming to his hallucinations telling them they are not real. Other students who are around Nash look at him with confusion because they obviously cannot see what Nash is seeing. Another small scene on society’s behavior on Nash is when Nash is walking to the library and he is holding his briefcase in a weird position and students are mocking the way he walks and laughing at him at the same time. Nash gets diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia when his wife, Alicia, starts noticing his erratic behavior...
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...Schizophrenia is a common illness that may cause people to see or hear things that aren’t real and exist only in that person's mind. It can affect how people differentiate the line between fantasy and reality. People with this disease often make things up things that never happened. Although not always specifically stated, this disease exists in fictional characters as well as real life. In “The Hitchhiker”, by Anthony Horowitz, the narrator Jacob most likely has schizophrenia, because he sees things that aren't there, and mistakes his inner suspicions for reality. Although Jacob’s story is fictional, the symptoms he experiences, such as hallucinations and suspicions, are very real and can happen to anyone in real life. In “The Hitchhiker”, Anthony...
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