...that the best human good is “the soul’s rational activity expressing virtue” (1098a16-17). To better understand this claim, we must first discuss the function argument in its entirety. Aristotle prefaces this argument by presuming that the best good is happiness. What we need, however, is a clearer definition of what the best good is (1097b22-24). Beginning with the first premise of his argument, Aristotle states that we will be able to define what the best good is if we first discover what the function of a human being is. This is because the good (i.e. doing well in anything that has a function and characteristic action) depends on the function itself (1097b26-29). If this is true, then we can apply this concept to human beings, if human beings do indeed have a function. Furthermore, Aristotle questions if human beings have a function at all, aside from the functions projected onto them by whatever occupation they serve in society (i.e. farmer, blacksmith). In his argument’s second premise, Aristotle states that if every bodily part in a human being has a function, we can similarly attribute a function to the human being as a whole. This premise acts upon Aristotle’s argument prior to the function argument in Nicomachean ethics, which states that numerous goods can serve higher goods in a hierarchical manner. Thus, each part of the human body has a function, which, in turn, serves a larger part with a different function, which similarly serves the largest part with a different...
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...Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Meagan Corbett BSHS/325 February 29, 2016 Thomas Kareck Foundations of Human Development in the Social Environment Working in human services is why we are all here, in school, learning about all the dimensions of human behavior, why humans do the things we do, and what makes us tick. Understanding human development and how it affects an individual is an essential theme in human services. Having the knowledge and understanding of the bio-psycho-social dimensions that make up human development, cultural competency and diversity, and how the general systems theory and social order relate to one another will give us the tools necessary to be able to effectively help our future clients. The bio-psycho-social dimensions of human development consist of three parts that try to give explanation to human behavior: biological, psychological, and social. The biological approach states that behavior can be explained through genetics. The psychological approach states that human behavior can be explained through cognitive development. Finally, the social approach states that we can understand human behavior by looking at the influences of culture and family on an individual. All three dimensions relate to one another and if just one dimension is off or not right there will be a domino effect, causing the other dimensions to follow suit and be off as well. For example, take a child that is living in a home with...
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...show the weaknesses on Plato’s claim based on one of the three parts of soul that he stands, desire. Thirdly, I will convince that Plato’s view of justice is indeed too narrow since his definition of justice is only limited to human beings. Finally, I will argue on Plato’s idea of rule of reason would lead to result of no more internal conflict. In this paragraph, I am going to state about Glaucon’s objection that justice is no more than a compromise and briefly explain Plato’s reply on Glaucon’s objection. The statement of “justice is no more than a compromise” comes from Glaucon’s second class of good: good that “are onerous but beneficial to us, and we wouldn’t choose them for their own sakes, but for the sake of the rewards and other things that come from them” [357C]. This illustrates the idea that people might do “just” things (according to the mainstream of that time, law, conventions) while they have outweigh the consequence of doing the “unjust” thing. Which Glaucon concludes that it is just a compromise of being just instead of its initial goal was to be just. People could act unjustly if they could accept or willing to take the consequence of being unjust according to Glaucon’s view. Plato’s view was different than Glaucon’s view. He claimed that just would make people fruitful and happy, and unjust would harm people [367D]. And in order to explain that, he raise up the idea that there are three parts in a soul, which is desire, spirit and reason [436A]. He claims...
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...Christians believe that humans were created in the image of God. This belief is foundational to the Christian faith. Being fashioned in God’s image endows even the lowliest of sinners with “intrinsic worth”. Because all humans have intrinsic value, managers have a duty to interact with subordinates and customers in a way that reflects God’s love. All people, including poorly performing workers and unreasonable clients, should be “love[d] because he first loved us” (1 John 4:19 NIV). Many generations of Christians have been taught that humankind was created in the image of God. Scripture describes the creation of man in Genesis 1: 26-28. Most Christians interpret the passage in Genesis 1:27 to mean that humans are created in the physical likeness of God. However, the concept of the image of God goes much deeper than a reference to the simple physical likeness of the Creator. The concept also known as imago Dei includes a purpose of humanity. Specifically, following the creation of humankind, God bestowed upon humanity the charge of flourishing, filling the earth, and exercising dominion over the other creatures. Thus, imago Dei describes humanity’s purpose in life and the sense of self-worth. The concept of imago Dei reappears in Genesis 5. This passage reveals that humankind was created in the image of God and Seth was born in the image of his father, Adam. In all of the following generations, humanity is linked to the Creator. Therefore, since humans are fashioned in God’s...
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...joints of human body. Together these structures form the human skeleton. Skeleton can be defined as the hard framework of human body around which the entire body is built. Almost all the hard parts of human body are components of human skeletal system. Joints are very important because they make the hard and rigid skeleton allow different types of movements at different locations. If the skeleton were without joints, no movement would have taken place and the significance of human body no more than a stone. Components of Human Skeleton Human skeleton is composed of three main components; Bones, Associated cartilages and Joints. Bones: Bone is a tough and rigid form of connective tissue. It is the weight bearing organ of human body and it is responsible for almost all strength of human skeleton. Cartilages: Cartilage is also a form of connective tissue but is not as tough and rigid as bone. The main difference in the cartilage and bone is the mineralization factor. Bones are highly mineralized with calcium salts while cartilages are not. Joints: Joints are important components of human skeleton because they make the human skeleton mobile. A joint occurs between “two or more bones”, “bone and cartilage” and “cartilage and cartilage”. Divisions of Human Skeleton: Human skeleton can be divided into two divisions. Axial Skeleton: Axial skeleton forms the axis of human body. It consists of Skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage. Skull: Skull is that part of human skeleton...
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...Connected Branches From 10 years till now our world is constantly changing , technology is advancing , communications are much easier .Never less, we cannot simply ignore that human being are the main reason of this technology , because in the 21 century , human being where capable of advancing prior inventions like Television , cars , radio , computers and finally cell phones . Moreover, as cell phones are a part of communication which is an dispensable tool that we cannot life without, since simply cell phones reasonable our daily life in a communicated way . Moreover, cell phones are a machine that human invented in order to make the communication between the part of the society easier, as the society is become bigger and bigger , the ways of communications is more increasing . Cell phones , now a days becomes the most important way of communications between the individuals even if they are in different nations .Beside, a mobile phone is a device that can make and receive the telephone calls over a radio link , whilst moving around a wide geographic area . It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator , allowing access to the public phones , network .In addition to telephony , modern mobile phones also support wide variety of other services such as text – messaging, MMS, email , internet access short range wireless communications , business applications , gaming and photography . Mobile phones that offer these and...
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...Phil 216 Our world has evolved in so many ways over the years, both physically and intelligently. We as human beings have evolved right along with it. When we think of sciences, we immediately think about how things work, and how the human mind “works”; but when we think about being morally philosophical, we think what humans ought to be and what they out to think. These ideas lead into philosopher Joshua Greene’s views on deontology vs. consequences. Ultimately Greene thinks there is no external fact about what is right or wrong but the best we can do is be consistent with our values as they are. So, what does this mean? One good example is the infamous “trolley example” where there are 5 people standing on the track and they are about to be hit by the trolley, and there is another track with one person standing on the tracks, and you have the choice to “pull the switch” so the trolley goes to the other track saving the 5 people but resulting in killing the one other person. Many people say they would pull the switch because they would be saving 5 people instead of just one. But, if you made the situation more personal, and up front where you would push a person in front of the trolley in order to slow the trolley down and to save the other 5 people, a lot more people said they wouldn’t push the person and just let things take its own course. Now why would this have changed if it is the same scenario, just different ways to do it? Greene views it as, people tend to act...
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... Nathaniel Siegfrid T. V25 Love, responsibility and sexuality are the best combination to this topic. Because it talks about the perfect setup of being a human being. This leads to be a presumptuous and yet patient personality… Love is a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes that ranges from interpersonal affection to pleasure while responsibility is the state of being the person who caused something to happen, an obligation, duty or task that you are required or expected to do. And sexuality is the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles. Love is the amazing feeling that you can ever feel it because it composes 55% is through body language, 38% is the tone and speed of their voice and only 7% is through what they say. According to Helen Fisher of Rutgers University in the States has proposed 3 stages of love – lust, attraction and attachment. Each stage might be driven by different hormones and chemicals. In stage 1: Lust. This is the first stage of love and is driven by the sex hormones testosterone and oestrogen in both men and women. Stage 2: Attraction which consist dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline. And lastly stage 3: Attachment. Attachment is the connection or bond between the two human beings which are core related to each other. Responsibility is the second part to this topic. This involves on how love will handle the responsibilities or tasks. This includes if you’ve agreed to do something, just do it. Be consistent...
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...In the excerpt of Saltwater Slavery by Stephanie Smallwood, Smallwood examines the transition of making a human being become only valued as an exchangeable possession, with their physical attributes embodying their worth. Some of the key moments in this transition are: the littoral, physical confinement, and social death (the displacement of being ripped away from your home and culture). The transition begins at the littoral, where once freed African-Americans see their first glimpse of the slave market. Here things that were once valued, perhaps their names or their culture become meaningless as their bodies are “calculated investment in [only] their physical capacities.” This is the first moment when freed people are showed the new reality...
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...Pain and Pleasure:An Evidential for Theists Problem PAUL DRAPER FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY I. THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM I will argue in this paper that our knowledge about pain and pleasure creates an epistemic problem for theists. The problem is not that some proposition about pain and pleasure can be shown to be both true and logically inconsistent with theism. Rather, the problem is evidential. A statement reporting the observations and testimony upon which our knowledge about pain and pleasure is based bears a certain significant negative evidential relation to theism.' And because of this, we have a prima facie good epistemic reason to reject theism-that is, a reason that is sufficient for rejecting theism unless overridden by other reasons for not rejecting theism. By "theism" I mean the following statement: There exists an omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect person who created the Universe. I will use the word "God" as a title rather than as a proper name, and I will stipulate that necessary and sufficient conditions for bearing this title are that one be an omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect person who created the Universe. Given this (probably technical) use of the term "God," theism is the statement that God exists. Some philosophers believe that the evils we find in the world create an evidential problem for theists because theism fails to explain these evils (or most of what we know about them). (See, for example, (Hare 1968).) This position...
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...History of Cybernetics theory, Systems Theory, Cyborg and Posthumanism / 6 2.1. Introduction to Norbert Wiener’s theory of cybernetics / 6 2.2. Gregory Bateson on second-order cybernetics / 8 2.3. The kinship between human, animal and machine, Donna Haraway’s theory of the cyborg / 12 2.4. The disembodiment of the human being, Katherine N. Hayles’ theory of the posthuman / 14 3. Chapter 2 – Google Glass, Individuation and the Black Box / 21 3.1. Introduction to Google Glass / 21 3.2. Google Glass and Gregory Bateson’s theory of self-corrective systems / 24 3.3. Industrialization of memory through Google Glass and Bernard Stiegler’s theory of the exterior milieu / 26 3.4. Google Glass as a black box and W. Ross Ashby’s theory of the black boxing / 29 3.5. Experience Design, Olia Lialina and the disappearing user / 30 3.6. Miniaturization of technology, Google Glass as a ubiquitous computer through Mark Weiser’s theory / 32 4. Chapter 3 – Google Glass as an Extension of the Human Being: MediumSpecificity and Becoming Posthuman / 34 4.1 Media ecology through Marshall McLuhan and Google Glass as an extension of the human being / 34 4.2 Perceptual and behaviour change through Google Glass / 39 4.3 Change of time and space perception, McLuhan and the global village / 41 4.4 Human being’s freedom to ideological change through Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory / 42 5. Conclusion / 44 6. Bibliography 2 INTRODUCTION Google Glass is a technological device designed and created by the media...
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...The basis of human life or the factors that constitute it are represented by the looks and features of the body we, the human race, possess. What makes Homo sapiens distinct from other creatures is superior mental development, the power of eloquent speech, and a conscience. Whether or not a living being has these abilities and a certain appearance, determines if it is anthropomorphic, which comes into play in the film, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. The easiest factor when determining a Homo sapien or not is appearance, and the monster had the looks of a human. He had everything a human had to the naked eye, from a brain to a fingernail. Since he was a combination of different bodies, not one part of him wasn’t human. The creation may have...
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...As human beings we are biologically wired to live with intention. Part 1 Strong Artificial Intelligence says that a functioning computer can accurately represent the cognition of a human mind. (133) Meaning that the essence of computer programs are considered to be identical to those of mental states in the brain. (explain more AI claims) In “Minds, Brains and Programs”, John Searle is arguing against the claims supporting Strong Artificial Intelligence. The Chinese Room Experiment is used to explain the difference between understanding and the simulation of understanding. It goes as follows: Searle is sitting in a room and is given a box of Chinese letters in which he will interpret, using a set of english rules, to respond in a way...
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...Being different: A sin? Being different on the eyes of others creates different effects. It may be good but most of the time, bad effects. We humans are often fooled by our eyes. Things that are uncommon to our sight always become the center of insults. Gays and lesbians are no exception. Accusations, public opinions, insults.Are all of these part of being different? Do they really have to suffer all of these because they’re different? A gay once said, “This is me. This is where I met my happiness. This is where I belong.” HAPPINESS, a great part of being fully human. And we don’t have the authority to take that happiness away from them. “Being surrounded with people who truly care, it’s priceless. They have said that we can never choose our family, but I just did.” a lesbian said. They never wanted to be accepted in this sinful world. All they want is understanding, respect. Human rights are also their rights. Nobody is a picture perfect but we are all worth it. They are still humans. They have the capacity to love, to think, to choose. And they choose to be happy. Was that considered sin? God made everything for everyone. We do not have the rights to create limitations for gays and lesbians. IT’S GOOD TO BE TRUE- a famous cliché. But how can being true be good when we are discriminating the way they express their selves? We are not letting them feel what normal persons usually do. According to research, common challenge faced by gays and lesbians- A father...
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...Explain Aristotle’s human function argument. Does it provide a good basis for understanding eudaimonia? The link between the human function argument and eudaimonia has been harshly criticised due to it being based upon three questionable claims: that human beings have a function, that the good for a human being resides on the fulfilment of that function and that being a good human being leads to eudaimonia. I will nevertheless show that once the concepts of eudaimonia, virtue and human function are correctly understood, it is possible to answer many of the objections that criticise the human function argument as a good basis for the understanding of eudaimonia. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle’s purpose is to discover the human good, that at which we ought to aim. Aristotle tells us that everyone calls this good eudaimonia (happiness, flourishing, success, wellbeing), but that people disagree about what it consists in. Aristotle insist that the point of engaging in ethics is to become good and by searching for ‘’the good’’ he means searching for the highest good; that which is desirable for itself rather than for the sake of some other good and that for whose sake all other goods are desirable. Aristotle then goes on to argue that ‘’eudaimonia’’ (well-being) is the highest end, since all other subordinate goals are sought after only because they promote this well-being or happiness. But unless we can determine which good or goods happiness consist in, it is of no use to understand...
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