...COMMUNITY TELEVISION/ PARTICIPATORY VIDEO What is participatory video? Participatory Video is a set of techniques to involve a group or community in shaping and creating their own film. The idea behind this is that making a video is easy and accessible, and is a great way of bringing people together to explore issues, voice concerns or simply to be creative and tell stories. This process can be very empowering, enabling a group or community to take action to solve their own problems and also to communicate their needs and ideas to decision-makers and/or other groups and communities. As such, PV can be a highly effective tool to engage and mobilize marginalized people and to help them implement their own forms of sustainable development based on local needs. How does Participatory Video work? * Participants (men, women and youth) rapidly learn how to use video equipment through games and exercises. * Facilitators help groups to identify and analyse important issues in their community by adapting a range of Participatory Rural Apraisal (PRA)-type tools with participatory video techniques (for example, social mapping, action search, prioritising, etc. * Short videos and messages are directed and filmed by the participants. * Footage is shown to the wider community at daily screenings. · * A dynamic process of community-led learning, sharing and exchange is set in motion. * Completed films can be used to promote awareness and exchange between...
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...AN INVESTIGATION ON HOW THE PEOPLE IN BELVEDERE CAN GET INVOLVED IN THE LAW MAKING PROCESS AND DEMOCRATIC VALUES OBJECTIVES * To state how one can convince everyone above the age of eighteen in Belvedere to participate in the law making process * To study factors affecting the full participation of the people living in belvedere. * To state how gender affects the law making process. * To state why public participation is important to democracy. * To suggest way in which implementation of the involvement of the community can be ensured and be democratic. METHODOLOGY The researcher engaged into mouth to mouth survey and researches from the internet plus books. By this the researcher asked people in the community in a systematic way were by she skipped every three houses before she could get into a question and answer situation. The researcher encountered people with an ignorant attitude who turned down such an interview and the major problem lies on the honesty of the person being interviewed as it is his or her own point of view. The researcher took into account most of the things which involved the survey from the articles of newspapers. FINDINGS Factors affecting the full participation of the people As adamant as people are most of them deliberately take being involved as a waste of time, or consumption of the wrong time at the wrong moment cause of the after effect of the post 2007-9 era. Most of the...
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...SOCIAL JUSTICE According to Wampler (2012), who based his study of PB in Brazil, PB was initially introduced in the 1980s to address the issue of political exclusion and corruption of Brazil’s military dictatorship in hope for political renewal. This program functions primarily upon the participation of its citizens, including those that have no political access, on the allocation of public resources and the use of state authority. He states that the citizens are forced to make choices regarding the allocation of resources and this directly alters government spending as direct participation of the citizen condone new areas of spending – through adoption of “Quality of Life Index” – a measure that emphasis on social justice concern by prioritizing resource allocation to districts with higher poverty and limited infrastructure. PB program further extend to European countries such as France, Germany, and Spain, as well as the United States and Asian countries (Shah, 2007). PB in Europe was introduced to address the issue of growing difficulties of social demands, continual public investment cuts and to rebuild the trust of its citizens – focusing on the aspects of modernization and improvement of public modern resources efficiency (Allegretti & Herzberg, 2004). In countries that implements PB, some notable side effects has been clear, that is PB helps poor citizen to resolve their mutual matters by encouraging these citizens to participate in political field (Wampler...
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...WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? The question is: what kind of development would be sustainable? What would be the main characteristics of sustainable development? Lots of people everywhere are searching for solutions. These are people who are concerned, who care and who are brave enough to ask serious questions, brave enough to challenge the big and powerful, the greedy and ruthless. Isn't it incredible that the so-called educated, scientific, modern, rich people are leading the world to disaster and it is the poor, the so-called uneducated people who are shouting "Stop this madness". A Latin American activist/thinker said recently "My people do not want development. They only want to live." One wonders who is more "advanced", those who are totally divorced from nature and who are destroying the planet with their unsustainable life style or those who are still trying to live in harmony with nature? Who are global citizens? The jet set types zipping across the world or those who consume little and do not contribute to ecological disaster? Who should be the experts now, the scientist, economist and politicians who have brought the world to the brink of disaster or those women and men whose knowledge, wisdom, life styles were declared "backward"? What do we have to do so that everyone can live? Some things are already quite clear. They will get clearer as we move forward on the path of sustain- able development. Oiu" concern is not just for the present generation should hand...
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...ITRODUCTION In an attempt to understand ‘new media’ and politics we need to define what ‘new media is and what politics is. First we start by defining politics. According to Mansoor Maitah, Politics, in the broadest sense, is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. Lasswell also defines politics as the process of who gets what, when, and how. He believes that politics is the process of allocating scarce values. He comes up with this equation; politics = allocation values (resources) wealth status power. By definition ‘new media’ according to Marshall McLuhan (1980) generally refers to the digital media which is interactive, incorporate two- way communication and involve some form of computing as opposed to ‘old media’ such as telephone, radio and TV. However there is a thin line between ‘old media’ and ‘new media’. This is because the ‘old media are getting digitized and some have consolidated with some ‘new media’ forms. Therefore we surround the term ‘new media’ with quotation marks to signify that they are digital interactive media. Without the quotation marks we generally are denoting media which is new to the context of discussion. To illustrate this, TV at is invent was new media and therefore cannot be said to be ‘new media’. Also parts of the world that have not received certain types of media will call them new media when introduced to them. GAGETRY DEFFERETIATION FROM THE PLAT FORMS.-TO BE DONE VIRTUAL...
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...Analysis of Democracy in Brazil and Chile Hagopian vents her frustration towards the democratization of Latin American countries by describing it as “flawed both because it does not take account of differences across the region and because it is overly static” (pg.125). The clarity in transitioning into a democracy in Latin American countries has not been defined uniformly that there are clear differences amongst the effectiveness of democracy in specific countries. Hagopian specifically uses Chile and Brazil as her examples of “the dimensions of Democratic quality.” She uses these two countries as a comparison to distinguish the characteristics of a “good” democracy, which would include both the participation and satisfaction of the citizens of the country. Amongst most of the Latin American countries, Chile and Brazil has become amongst the strongest democratic countries and can become a lot stronger with improvements. However, both countries vary in strengths between different dimensions of quality that defines a “good” democracy. These variances are analyzed by Hagopian to determine the degree of effectiveness by considering accountability, participation and responsiveness between governance and individuals as a reciprocal relationship. Recommendable changes are necessary for both Chile and Brazil to continuously prosper politically, civilly and together economically. Although both Chile and Brazil are developing predominant democratic reputations, their contrasts in democratic...
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...skip to main | skip to sidebar Political Participation Wednesday, September 16, 2009 Political Participation Political participation is the ways in which we as students can participate in our political system. According to the online Webster’s Dictionary “political participation is the active engagement by individuals and groups with the governmental processes that affect their lives.” Political participation is an important part of our society in many ways because it directly affects our lives and the ways in which we are able to live them. Political participation allows people to support and elect leaders that they feel will do the best job running their country. Political participation is a process which we as Nigerian should become more involved in because it is what is going to truly determine the way in which our future and current generations will function. We would like to discuss the two types of political participation that are commonly used when participating politically and the three perspectives of political participation which help form the ways in which we participate. As explained by Shawn Paulin In the political system there are two forms of political participation that we as Nigerian can participate in. The first form is the conventional form of political participation because it is the most common form in which we participate in. According to ASIS.org “conventional form of communications consists of Voting, letter writing, contact with representatives...
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...Participatory constitution making-process Acknowledgement Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….1 1. the need of constitution…………………………………………………………….4 2. models and process……………………………………….............................9 3. selected case study…………………………………………………………………..10 4. over-view of Ethiopia’s constitutional development………………..16 5. conclusion………………………………………………………………………………..20 6. bibliographies…………………………………………………………………………..21 My Perspective of over- view ✓ Depending on how our discussion will lead us, (basically how much we read and write) we can divide both the time we have and members into groups again as to make it inclusive on the work we do we can set up how many times we should meet each day ad also how long we should spend in the group session ✓ we should all have to agree before including a given task to a group as a final part of the paper this in would mean both the concept and the grammars should be seen carefully ✓ if a group’s task needs extra help we should all involve and get it through along the way ✓ under no circumstances we should rely to break the rules as it would mean in my opinion playing with fire ✓ each session is very important to get the paper done on time and not only attending but coming with the aforementioned task please see to it this is just my assumption do not be tempted to divert you ideas just because it’s printed...
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...Democratic Theory and Contemporary Governance The place of democracy as a system of governance in the modern world seems to be the only means of governance that appeals to all and sundry in both the advanced countries as well as the underdeveloped ones. This could be because of the room it gives for people’s participation in the restoration, operation and sustenance of government. According to Nnoli, 1986, the concept of democracy has become part of the propaganda arsenal in the contemporary world. This propaganda role of democracy rose because of the positive sentiments it invokes in all the people. It is particularly appearing to the oppressed people of the world especially in Africa and whose yearning for freedom, equality and justice are daily frustrated. In fact , the propaganda value of democracy is so high that practically , every regime in the world even the most brutal ,oppressive and unjust ,wishes to justify its actions on democratic ground. Under these circumstances, it becomes difficult to fully understand the meaning of the concept democracy. It is in this light that Heater (1964) regards democracy as a form of government , a way of life or an attitude of mind which is essentially a method or organizing society politically .And that there are five basic elements without which no community can call itself truly democratic namely :equality, sovereignty of the people , respect for human life, the rule of law and liberty of the individual....
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...International Conference on Communication, Media, Technology and Design ICCMTD 09-11 May 2012 Istanbul - Turkey “THE SOCIAL MEDIA AS A PUBLIC SPHERE: THE RISE OF SOCIAL OPPOSITION” Asst. Prof. Dr. A. Fulya ŞEN Fırat Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi - Gazetecilik Bölümü - Elazığ Abstract In The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, Habermas described the bourgeois public spheres of the 18th and 19th century in England, France, and Germany. These spheres arose as arenas of cultural critique often arising from reading societies that focused on novels and the like. Cultural critique became political critique as these groups turned to issues of public concern fighting policies of censorship and for freedom of opinion. The public sphere is in the work of Jürgen Habermas conceived as a neutral social space for critical debate among private persons who gather to discuss matters of common concern in a free and rational way. This public sphere is open and accessed for public. Habermas pointed out that media has contributed to the decay of the rational-critical discourse and causing the decline of the public sphere. Political public spheres include social movements, media that monitor and criticize the state, and groups that take political action. In recent times have seen an explosion of debate, blogging, theorising and hype around the role of the internet in today’s social movements. Social media -internet applications such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube which facilitate...
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...modern, believe in small state. As Thomas Paine put it: "Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil". This concept links nicely with the idea of democracy, which literally means "rule by people". Liberals have defended democracy on the grounds that people must have a way of protecting themselves against the government and its actions. This type of democracy is also referred to as protective democracy. Moreover, democracy opens an ability for people to choose. In a pure democracy, for instance, people would vote on every occasion and policy, hence the core liberal idea of individualism would flourish in its fullest. However, in modern society it is practically impossible to have pure democracy, so we have to resort to participatory democracy. This still support the idea of individualism, as each vote counts towards the end result. Moreover, democracy improves political participation as people know that their voices will be heard. It also encourages political education in order to make the best choice of the candidate, which links with the idea of reason and the core period in liberalism's history of enlightenment. By being rational and self-seeking, individuals will want the best for themselves, hence they will seek to vote for the candidate that suits their needs and beliefs best, In order to do so, they will have to read, debate or learn about them by other means, which will increase the overall intelligence of individuals and therefore help them achieve their...
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...social Media to do things like this in order to save money. Meaning when they are campaigning they also try to save money. “Personal communication via social media brings politicians and parties closer to their potential voters.”(European Parliamentary, Politicians).This shows how politicians are brought together with the people that could potentially vote for them. “Reactions, feedback, conversations and debates are generated online as well as support and participation for offline events.”(European Parliamentary, People). Due to social Media more and more youths are involved in politics, this means youths are no longer left in the dark they are knowledged. “41% of young people engaged in at least one act of participatory politics during the prior 12 months, while 44% participated in other acts of politics.” (Science Daily, youth). “Due to Social Media tools, 45% of youth reported getting news at least once a week from family and friends via Twitter or Facebook feeds.”(Science Daily, Youth on Social Media). Thanks to social media more and more youths are getting an update on what...
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...There is no doubt that over the years, men have been dominating politics of most countries in the world. But it doesn’t mean they did splendid job in what they are suppose to do? Politics has never been an easy place for any man who supposedly can’t even handle political landscape at home. Family of course. Today, most countries in the world face problems of democracy, justice, equality, social problems arising from bad governance of those in corridor of power who are mostly men. Having failed to provide good governance, when come to think of it, there is nothing wrong if women who are noted to be caring, concern, and responsible are given more chances in government for possible change in the ‘status quo'. Should a woman involve in politics have always been subject of controversy over the years. But among other political posts today few women are already presidents of countries and senators, assembly members, and councilors . Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (Argentina), Dilma Rousseff (Brazil) and Joyce Banda (Malawi)- presidents of representative countries have proven that woman can own a place on the top of political settings. Woman have been viewed weak and are less interested or less knowledgeable about politics than men. Perhaps this is why women feel removed from the current political process. If women see that politics remains a men-only club then they are far less likely to participate and to put themselves forward. If they see a women leader in the political settings...
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...Religion Traditions and Democracy in America In Democracy in America, Tocqueville is worried about the disappearance of old aristocratic ranks and privileges, and the emergence of democracy. Tocqueville states that the "key to almost the whole work" can be found in his chapter on the "point of departure" for the Anglo-Americans (Tocqueville, p. 17). How can this chapter on the early history of Puritan New England shed light on what European governments can do to adapt to democratization? It seems odd that Puritans would have much to teach Europeans (or Americans today) about democracy. Tocqueville in fact outlines how vastly different the New England towns were from what we would call democratic. The leaders who made these laws were intent on enforcing good morals by using the most extreme enforcement. There is virtually no conception of a right to personal privacy. Their laws were based on a literal reading of the Old Testament and were extremely harsh. For example, in Connecticut, blasphemy, witchcraft, adultery and rape are punished with death. It is a capital crime for a son to say anything disrespectful of his parents. Tocqueville wants us to focus not on these laws, which he calls "bizarre and tyrannical" (Tocqueville, 27). Instead, he points out that these tyrannical laws were passed with the "free, active participation of all the interested parties themselves, and that the morals were even more austere and puritan than the laws" (Tocqueville...
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...Journal of Business Research 63 (2010) 559–569 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Business Research Marketing to subsistence consumers: Lessons from practice Kelly L. Weidner a,⁎, José Antonio Rosa b, Madhu Viswanathan c a b c University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Managerial Studies, 601 S. Morgan Street (MC 243), Chicago, IL 60607, United States University of Wyoming, Department of Management and Marketing, Dept. 3275, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, United States University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61 Wohlers Hall, 1206 South Sixth Street, Champaign, IL 61820, United States article info Article history: Accepted 1 February 2009 Keywords: Subsistence marketplaces Subsistence consumers Bottom of the pyramid abstract Over 4 billion people live in what is commonly referred to as the “bottom of the pyramid” or as subsistence marketplaces. These individuals and families live in substandard housing, with limited or no access to sanitation, potable water, and health care, have low levels of literacy, and earn very low incomes. Scholars and practitioners alike suggest that the problems existing in subsistence marketplaces demand the attention and involvement of responsible businesses and that doing business with consumers in such marketplaces can be both socially responsible and profitable. This research explores the strategies and tactics currently being used across commercial and social enterprises...
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