...This paper will examine the ethical implications on psychological research of the Stanford Prison Experiment conducted at Stanford University in 1971. Ethics will be defined and the concept of risk/benefit ratio will be discussed. The Stanford Prison Experiment will be described. Finally, the impact of the Stanford Prison Experiment on psychological research will be evaluated. Ethics Defined Ethics is concerned with the principles of right conduct. In the philosophical use, ethics is a branch of philosophy that is concerned with the study of morals and how it is that moral decisions are made. Ethics also has a stricter use when dealing with the rules or standards that govern conduct and right behavior (The American Heritage Dictionary, 2000). Risk/Benefit Ratio Ethical approaches to research take into account the risk/benefit ratio. This simply means that the amount of benefit that comes from a study or research clearly outweighs any adverse risks to the subjects involved in the study or research. A study or research is only considered to be ethical if there is favorable risk benefit ratio (Wikipedia, 2008). Background on the Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment was created by Professor Philip Zimbardo who led a team of researchers at Stanford University in 1971. The study was designed to observe and study the human responses to captivity by both the inmates and the authority figures. In order to carry out the experiment, a mock prison was created in...
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...congenial Swiss school. The next year he entered the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. (www.aip.org/history/einstein) In 1900 after working hard in the laboratory but skipping lectures, Einstein graduated with an unexceptional record. For two grim years he could find only odd jobs, but he finally got a post as a patent examiner. He married his classmate Mileva Maric in 1903 they had a child Lieserl in 1902 whom they eventually put up for adoption she became ill and died, all of her records disappeared. That same year Albert’s father Hermann becomes ill and dies. (www.personal.kent.edu) Albert’s first son Hans Albert was born in 1904. Einstein’s “Miracle Year” came in 1905 where he wrote four fundamental papers, all in a few months. The first paper claimed that light must sometimes behave like a...
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...STEREOTYPING OF SEX ROLES IN THREE MODERN ART FORMS In this paper, I will argue that the arts and the media as a whole project demeaning sex roles for women through the process of stereotyping, in which traditionally feminine characteristics are exaggerated and categorized in order to simplify the interpretation of female characters. These stereotypes fall into three broad categories, those of the Good Housewife, the Scarlet Woman, and the Career Woman, none of which represent a fully mature, fully human form of personality development. In describing these basic categories of women found in the media, researchers have found them to be based on a classic opposition of types. For example, the housewife is characterized as being conservative, loyal, and cooperative, if somewhat out of place in the real world: In addition to the traditionally found housewife stereotype, there exists a strong and quite distinctive stereotype of woman as bunny. Bunny is described as glamorous, good-looking, pleasure-loving, romantic, excitable, passionate, frivolous and sensual... a third stereotype is reserved for women who choose activities which carry them beyond the traditional roles which serve men. These women lose their femininity... (Clifton, McGrath, Wick, l976: 144) In this study, we will compare the treatment of these demeaning stereotypes in several of the media that are not usually considered in sex role studies: contemporary works of art, contemporary popular music, and situation-based...
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...function, as Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes observed. Few other courts in the world have the same authority of constitutional interpretation and non have exercised it for as long or with much influences.” (www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/) One of the biggest delimas the court has faced is the original intent of the Constitution is in such cases as Marbury vs Madison 5 US 137 ( U.S. Supreme Court, 1803 ), and Griswold v. Connecticut 381 U.S. 479 ( U.S. Supreme Court, 1965 ), were originalist argued that courts cannot apply a general right to privacy in a politically neutral manner without protecting all sorts of illegal activities that are done in privacy, such as prostitution. In this paper I will attempt to show how the Court have dealt with the principle of Right to Privacy, active and passive euthanasia, and sanctity of life. I will also attempt to show how the court has dealt with stated principles philosophically and constitutionally. The first principle I will attempt to show how the court dealt with philosophically and constitutionally is the Right to Privacy. The U.S. Constitution contains no wording of the right to privacy. The basic fundamental of the right to privacy is implied rights. Implied or unemumerated rights by definition are rights that the courts have found to exist even though they are not expressly...
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...ask, what goes on in people’s mind that leads to this type of heinous actions on animals? Where does the root of the problem begin? This paper will analyze the causes, signs and prevention of animal cruelty. There are two forms of animal cruelty. One is active cruelty that is deliberately inflicted to cause harm (CFAWR, 2010). The other one is passive cruelty which the harm inflicted through willful disregard, in turn generating into long-term suffering. Regardless of the kind of cruelty, the effects are pronounced in the animals. Those abusing animals are highly likely to perpetrate violent crimes against humans. Negative behaviors like animal cruelty emerge from traumatic past. Animal cruelty in this regard is presented as diagnostic criteria for determining conduct disorder. This disorder is found in people who abuse both animals and humans. Clinical evidence considers animal cruelty as one of the signs that are shown in the initial phases of conduct disorder, normally at age 8 (CFAWR, 2010). Most of the studies that have been carried out in the recent past have demonstrated that violent offenders must have been involved in serious and consistent animal cruelty. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has examined the psychology of serial killers and established that most of them have killed or maimed animals as kids. Additional research has demonstrated constant trends of animal cruelty among those advancing major forms of abuse. This could be...
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...spouse, girlfriend, wife, or partner (DeKeseredy, 2005: 234). One of the debates surrounding domestic violence is the legitimacy of battered women’s syndrome. There are arguments over whether or not battered woman’s syndrome is a justifiable defence or just an excuse (Fumento, 1996: 158). The aim of this paper is to justify the legitimacy of Battered Women’s Syndrome, or BWS for short. I will look at the history of violence to better understand the credibility of BWS as well as why it is discredited. I will analyze how the patriarchal capitalist society we live in affects the views regarding BWS and abuse. The purpose of this section is to understand how the patriarchal capitalist society attempts to protect male status by discrediting the validity of spousal abuse and BWS. Definition and History Battered women’s syndrome results from a pattern of abuse from a partner (Barnett & LaViolette, 1996: 158). Spousal abuse has had a long history, and has grown since the middle ages (Flowers, 1996: 131). Social scientist Friedrich Engels noted that spousal abuse began “with the emergence of the first monogamous pairing relationship which replaced group marriage and the extended family of early promiscuous societies” (Flowers, 1996: 131). Violence towards wives has been around since the middle Ages, and came to North America with the settlers (Hagin, 2009). Law at one point permitted the Rule of Thumb. The Rule of Thumb stated, “A husband was permitted to beat his wife so long as his...
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...ABSTRACT Despite women are of higher status socially in many countries than before, it is found that domestic violence against women is still a universal problem. This paper will explore the phenomenon gender-based violence in Hong Kong as compared to the global situation. An extensive literature review was conducted to explore the existing theories and risk factors associated with domestic violence. A qualitative study of women victims was then undertaken to gain further insight on the current gender-based violence situation in Hong Kong. In the discussion, the limitations of the study were examined and the results were compared of with literature findings. A STUDY ON GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN HONG KONG INTRODUCTION Worldwide Phenomenon of Gender-based Violence Domestic Violence has endangered the lives and well-being of millions of women worldwide. This is no longer a private matter between individual family members but should be recognized “as an obstacle to equality, and as an intolerable offence to human dignity”. (United Nations, 1996). In a statement to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in September 1995, the United Nations Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, said that violence against women is a universal problem that must be universally condemned. Studies in 10 countries have found that between 17 per cent and 38 per cent of women have suffered physical assaults by a partner (United Nations, 1995). The...
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...majority of them in a subordinate position within the society and within the family - as housekeepers. Generally characterized as intellectually, but more particularly physically weaker than men, women’s agency is diminished by gender prejudices and women have to continuously, and in a larger extent than for their male counterparts, impose themselves to belong to society as full citizens. However, all these conventional images on women’s status are not vain and shore up women’s willpower to fight and be part of politics, culture and history as equal to men. Ironically thus, women stereotypes do have a good impact on women empowerment. Indeed, stereotypes reinforce women’s will to destroy biased ideas sustained by men. Therefore, this paper will first outline an extreme form of gender discrimination with the example of Saudi Arabia where patriarchal gender expectations ultimately infringe on women’s public and privates lives as well as on women’s...
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...SECTION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE IN HUMANITIES. 26 AUGUST 2013 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of community participation in TfD for Gender based violence in challenging patriarchy. It discusses the idea of TfD and community participation in relation to patriarchy and gender. It also discusses the idea of community participation in relation to TfD, Patriarchy and participation in gender related projects. The analysis in this dissertation focuses on GEWE project which was carried out by CRECCOM as a form of TfD for gender based violence. I look at field work in research, i conduct the performance analysis of the TfD for gender based violence performance and i conduct the analysis for the whole case study, i provide evidence for gender based violence and patriarchal rule in the community and i analyse the involvement of both men and women in the performance and how this helps in challenging patriarchy. This dissertation claims that TfD for gender based violence can be used to challenge the idea of patriarchy through community participation. This dissertation shows that the performance space in TfD for gender based violence provides a forum on which men and women can discuss and deal with issues of GBV as well as challenging patriarchy. it shows how the participation of...
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...money is put in different areas like a business, real estate, stock market, etc., you have a better chance of keeping your money because if one thing goes bad, you still have the other investments. *Investing-RULE of 72 Divide the % of your return by 72 = years to double money So, if you have a 15% return, then: 72/15 = 4.8 years to double this You can have $100,000 and invest it wisely and end up with $300,000 in 20 years. But of the $300,000, taxes can cost alot, so you should put your money in business. Business does not have as many taxes to be paid cause there are alot of deductions. For example: When an individual buys copy paper that cost $10, you also pay tax so it cost $12. But when a business buys it, the business can write it off for a business expense and no extra tax is paid. Must learn ways to create a passive income (Income that does not stop but continues til your death). Innovations pay you for your lifetime Real estate pays you for your lifetime because you get rent money. Slide 3 *3 aspects to state and business planning 1. Liability protection-set up 1 or more entity 2. Tax strategy- tax breaks must be used to pay less tax 3. Growth opportunities *Setting up a business- 1. The type of entity 2. how to reduced liability 3. how to reduced taxes...
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...exciting and effective methods for addressing these matters, but if you cannot effectively communicate those ideas it is as if they do not exist at all. Furthermore, the process of writing helps to sharpen one’s ideas; good writing requires good thinking. Writing assignments in SPH courses have a variety of goals: to test your knowledge, to foster critical thinking, to enhance your research skills, to assess your communication skills and to prepare you for the myriad writing tasks you will encounter in your professional work. We expect you to carry out writing assignments with the thought and skill consistent with graduate level work, and we believe the improvement of writing skills is essential for the health of our profession. An MPH degree implies that you are equipped with the many competencies that are required to be a successful public health practitioner; effective writing is one of the essential competencies. Lucy Honig, Associate Professor of International Health, has been the writing specialist for that department for seven years, working with students on IH's required concentration paper and developing a departmental writing program. Professor Honig is also a prize-winning author (read...
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...Research Paper English 1102-611 13 October 2015 Dream Song 14- John Berryman John Berryman lived a life full of demons. He is viewed as a very cynical, disturbed man who reflected his attitude into his writing. From the beginning of his life he faced emotional distress ranging from family issues, to marriage issues, to substance abuse. A traumatic beginning to his life not only negatively affected him; it also influenced his long and successful career in writing and teaching. Through his hardships, he created one of the most famous compilations of poems in history, The Dream Songs. These poems are littered with fresh and complex styles of writing, including his famous technique of using dialogue and personal revelation. Although he accomplished amazing things in the literary world, won awards and was a major arts figure in the world, he continued to struggle with himself. His never ending despair stemmed from the suicide of his father when he was young, which although very sad, shaped his life and his death to come. The Dream Song series is a modified and published version of his dream analysis treatment during rehab. By analyzing and annotating one of his most famous Dream Songs, Dream Song 14, and studying the major events of his life, it is frighteningly apparent how the effects of paternal suicide, emotional and...
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...Research Paper: Slaughter-House Five In the semi autobiographical novel, Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut uses the character Billy Pilgrim to depict the effects of war, death, and post traumatic stress disorder. Kurt Vonnegut felt the need to create the character of Billy Pilgrim to express his own feelings of trauma because of the difficulty to address them on a personal level. Like Vonnegut, Billy Pilgrim was captured by the Germans, and witnessed the fire bombing in Dresden on February 13, 1945, which is known to be the most detrimental airstrike in military history, killing an estimated 135,000 people. “He was down in the meat locker on the night that Dresden was destroyed. There were sounds like giant footsteps above. Those were sticks of high explosive bombs. The giants walked and walked...A guard would go to the head of the stairs every so often to see what is was like outside, then he would come back down and whisper to the other guards. There was fire-storm out there. Dresden was one big flame. The one flame are everything organic, everything that would burn.” (Vonnegut 177) This quote from the book illustrates how the image of Dresden is instilled in Vonnegut's brain, from when he witnessed it, and how he can't let go of his lingering memories of Dresden. Billy Pilgrim is greatly disturbed by the obliteration he witnessed in Germany. These events signify Vonnegut’s painful past and he comes to terms with his pain through the writing of Slaughter-House Five....
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...After viewing the 1998 film “A Civil Action” and reading the article by Marc Galanter about “Why the ‘Haves’ Come out Ahead” we see that the framework applied to the American legal system by Galanter in his article at this point in time is held true in the film. What Galanter does is tell us about the two options that sides may be in a legal case. First there are the One-Shotters, which we will refer to as the OSs. These indivduals are often those who are not regulars within the legal system and often are only there once or maybe twice. A fine example of OSs are the husband and wife in a divorce case or the two parents in a custody case. As suggested by the name, these people usually are only in once. When it comes to the results that they expect it is often tangible. Because this is there one and only case, they are not concerned with a reputation in the courts but instead with real, physical, in a way, results. On the flip-side you have the Repeat Players which we will refer to as the RPs. These individuals, again as the name suggests, are those who frequent the courtroom and are often involved the same kinds of cases. These are what one would expect them to be such as the IRS trying people who did not pay their income taxes or a large corporation. Now the goals for a RP are very different than those of an OS. Instead of the tangible goals of the one-shotter, the RPs are out to often establish a reputation and establish relations to shape future decisions made in the courts...
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...Gunsmoke Phenomenon," and "The Abilene Paradox". In addition, he has published articles such as, "It's Not My Dog," "Eichmann in the Boardroom," "Organizations as Phrog Farms," "Interrupted Prayers and Organizational Un*Learning." Many years ago Professor Jerry B. Harvey discovered that the fundamental problem of contemporary organizations is the inability to cope with agreement—not conflict. He finds that most agreement in organizations is actually false consensus. It occurs because many people feel they might be isolated, censured or ridiculed if they voice objections. This often leads groups to act on inappropriate goals and is a setup for organizational failure and from this emerges ‘The Abilene Paradox’. Currently, he is involved in research dealing with ethical, moral, and spiritual issues of organization. (Wikipedia, 2008) Organizations frequently take action contrary to the desires of their members, and thereby defeat the very purpose they set out to achieve." --Dr. Jerry B. Harvey (http://www.abileneparadox.com) The Abilene paradox...
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