...years that saw an explosion of movements from Realism, to Impressionism, to Cubism, to Abstract Expressionism to Pop and Op, with dozens of others in between and around the world. Hard-Edge Painting: Art History Basics 101 Hard-Edge Painting emphasizes the flat surface of the canvas or paper with clean, clear abstract shapes and surrounding fields of colors. These shapes and fields can be rendered in black and white or brilliant colors. The unity of the composition creates a unified presentation in the art work itself. Color Field Painting: Art History 101 Basics Color Field Painting is a branch of Abstract Expressionism that concentrates on colorful shapes and expanses of color which emphasize the literal flatness of the canvas or paper. Cubism - Art History Basics 101 An early twentieth century art movement that rebelled against Renaissance one-point perspective and illusionism through an emphasis on geometricity, simultaneity, and passage. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque pioneered Cubism's ideas and style. Abstract Expressionism - Art History 101 Basics Abstract Expressionism or "AbEx" (a.k.a. Action Painting; a.k.a. The New York School) exploded onto the art scene after World War II with its characteristic messiness and extremely energetic applications of paint. To the contemporary audience, the whole enterprise seemed like youthful antagonism--hardly worthy of the name "art." Pop Art Pop Art admired the Post-World War II consumer age.It featured recognizable imagery...
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...fractured objects into geometric forms, and then realigned these within a shallow, relief-like space. They also used multiple or opposing vantage points. Cubism wielded a profound influence on twentieth-century sculpture and architecture even though it was associated with painting. The major Cubist sculptors were Alexander Archipenko, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, and Jacques Lipchitz. Rewald, Sabine. "Cubism". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm (October 2004) Fauve Fauvism was the first of the avant-garde movements that flourished in France in the early years of the twentieth century. The Fauve painters were the first to break with Impressionism as well as with older, traditional methods of perception. Their extemporaneous, often individual response to nature was expressed in bold, overt brushstrokes and high-keyed, vibrant colors directly from the tube. Henri Matisse (French, 1869–1954) and André Derain (French, 1880–1954) introduced unnaturalistic color and vivid brushstrokes into their...
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...IMPRESSIONIST AND POST IMPRESSIONIST ART 2 Abstract The art movement known as Impressionism began in the 19th century with a group of artists in Paris repelling from the traditional art of the period and its severe rules. (Impressionism.info, 2005). Through the 1870s and 1880s, they exhibited their art independently receiving bitter criticism from the prevailing art community of the time in France. The name “Impressionism” was coined by art critic Louis Leroy in a scathing review of Claude Monet’s Impression, soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise) in the newspaper Le Charivari. (Wikipedia, 2012). Impressionist artists were seen as radical. They strayed from the conventional art of the time by painting landscapes, still life, portraits and scenes of modern life, with colors loosely brushed and unstructured contours and lines. They also painted outside, allowing a different perspective of light. The interaction of light was given priority. Details were inconsequential, small brief brush strokes of mixed and unmingled pure color were used to give the overall impression of vibrant, impassioned hues. (Wikipedia, 2012). The Academie des Beaux-Arts controlled French art at that time, while Napoleon III was warring and rebuilding Paris, this era saw expanding industrialization, urbanization and economic growth. The Academie held the annual Salon de Paris where artists could display their works. This was a judged event which represented...
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...choice on basis of truth and proper thinking. The modernization movement gave rise to “Impressionism”, as it was the earliest distinctly modern movement in painting. Impressionism was developed in Paris during the 1960s and it spread throughout the Europe and also ultimately covered the United States. The impressionists preferred using modern understandings and claimed that individuals do not perceive objects but only observe the light art only. All impressionists’ possessed similar features such as they focused on visible lights and colors with artistic brush strokes and open composition. The painting created by the artists had cropped edges and scarce perspectives as they relaxed the periphery between the theme and background so it resembles a portrait taken by an impressionist’s painting. Therefore; the paintings that were carved out during this time period were prepared by the bourgeoisie class. The photography gained the significant importance as the cameras became more convenient and the impressionists were easily able to catch the live moment of people’s life for their graphic arts. The concept of impressionism was effective in certain aspects. Due to which people in the society tend to believe that the artists apprehended the original version. There were many movements which followed Impressionism such as Post – Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism, Cubism, and Fauvism. In Post-Impressionism, it included the work or the elegance of various artists including Van Gogh, Gauguin...
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...HISTORY OF FRANCE • 13th century Spreading the weight of vaults over a series of ribs, columns, and pilasters, Gothic architecture allows the dissolution of the wall. Windows in cathedrals and churches are filled with stained glass; the shimmering colored light transfigures the vast interiors. Depicting biblical stories, scenes from the lives of the saints, or single figures, stained-glass windows complement the sculptures on the exterior and the rites and ceremonies observed within. • 1209 The Albigensian Crusade is launched by Pope Innocent III with the help of Cistercian monks. While the original spark for this war springs from papal desire to extinguish the growing problem of heresy in the region surrounding Toulouse, the political struggle between the independent southern territories and lords from northern France, joined after 1226 by Louis VIII, plays itself out in a war. In 1229, Count Raymond VII of Toulouse, who had been Louis VIII's main adversary, is compelled to cede territory to the king's control. • ca. 1210–1250 Artists at Chartres install an elaborate and extensive program of stained-glass windows in the cathedral under construction there. In addition to religious and historical subjects, the intensely colored windows depict numerous scenes of tradespeople at work, including bakers, furriers, wheelwrights, and weavers. These tradespeople were likely contributors—through hefty taxes—to the construction of the church. • 1226 Louis IX (d. 1270), grandson...
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