...1968, the atmosphere of the nation changed due to student protests and riots against the authoritarian system of education and the government. Also, de Gaulle left office in 1969. These pivotal events allowed films like L’Armee des Ombres to confront different views and opinions of the Resistance movement. This film contrasts the “Gaullist Myth,” that all of France participated in resisting the Nazi’s, by focusing on a small group of the Resistance throughout the entire film. Films like this were now allowed to confront and accuse collaborators, which was unheard of before 1968-69. The master narrative after these events changed from everyone resisted to few people resisted and many collaborated. On the other hand in Russia in 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the ideas of Perestroika and Glasnost, otherwise known as restructuring and openness respectively. Due to these events, the government became more decentralized, which led to less censorship. The film Detskii Sad (reflects the new areas that were explored due to the events of 1985. In this film, artistic experimentation plays a bigger role than in films before. The film also expressed nudity, crime, featured Gypsies and Jews, while presenting a new view of patriotism. Since this film focused on Russia fighting in a war, the new patriotism was for Russia as a whole instead of just the Soviet Union. Gorbachev, Perestroika, and Glasnost allowed filmmakers to change the master narrative from Soviet patriotism to Russian...
Words: 291 - Pages: 2
...Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, and Gorbachev all had varying degrees of control and success. Stalin had a policy of absolute control, and while the U.S.S.R. became a world power under him, the quality of life throughout the whole country remained low. Khrushchev tried introducing a few reforms, and led the destalinization movement, trying to return to Lenin’s ideals of Communism. He was also an agriculturist, and was expected to increase the agriculture output in Russia by making it more efficient and streamlined. Brezhnev loosens control, and under him the Soviet Union begins to fall, he allows all dissidents to leave, and the Soviet Union is begins losing its power under him. Gorbachev ended the Soviet Union, and its power by allowing states to disband from the Warsaw pact, and free elections to take place. Stalin’s policy of absolute power caused the USSR to thrive while the people living in it to become unhappy, hungry, and have widespread famines. He used a secret police, and wanted to have everything under Government control, while the rest of the world saw him as erratic leader, domestically he was seen as a man to be feared. People being sent to Gulag’s became common, to such an extent it was hard to find someone who did not know anyone in a Gulag. Stalin had all his political opponents killed, and develops the first nuclear bomb for Russia, and has a giant arms race with the US. Under Stalin, the USSR become the first people to send a machine to space, and take over...
Words: 705 - Pages: 3
...Tyler Svoke 9/16/2012 Reading Reaction 1 The Gorbachev Phenomenon: A historical interpretation By Moshe Lewin Moshe Lewin, a historian of the Soviet Union, wrote The Gorbachev Phenomenon. The Gorbachev Phenomenon is often referred to as the period between the late 1910’s to present (1988 when the book was published) that corresponds to the growth of the Soviet Union from an undeveloped agricultural society to an urban industrial power. Moshe focuses on social changes and the impacts that occur therein affecting the population’s demographics. Russia entered into World War One in 1914 with largest military force on the face of the earth. However, size did not seem to matter because of the poor weapons technology and incompetent leadership. Russia met this feat with failure, losing 1.7 million soldiers and leaving 3.9 million more wounded. Russia and its leadership were in shambles, and the Tsar Nicholas II began to lose strength in his reputation. In 1917 Russia was an economically backwards country; there was a promising yet feeble parliament and uneasy peasant workers. The main reason for change in Russia came with the beginnings of the Soviet Union through riots and demonstrations in Petrograd, later to be known as St. Petersburg. On the 15th of March the Tsar, Nicholas II, abdicated his position. This fall of the Tsar, gave rise to the idea of socialism and the idea of a world revolution. As contemporary Russia was forming, the people began to change. The population...
Words: 731 - Pages: 3
...Doctrine of Reagan Mrs. J. Y. Baker Prof. Thomas Payne Jr. – POL 300 February 4, 2012 Doctrine of Reagan With the threat of The Cold War, U.S. Presidents beginning with Truman had to create doctrines to find remedies for the problem of communism and its expansion. The doctrine of Ronald W. Reagan was especially noteworthy because it initiated a revolutionized foreign policy after World War II. The Cold War brought trepidation of nuclear bombing that sent panic through the U.S. government. This is why previously the U.S. chose not to challenge the Soviet Union head-on. Officials felt American’s weren’t ready to send their loved ones to fight another war on foreign soil after Vietnam listed so many casualties. However with the risk of communism spreading further and possibly encompassing the globe, the U.S. just couldn’t take a backseat and keep quiet. In 1983, Reagan dubbed the Soviet Union an “evil empire” using a speech written by Dolan for the opposite purpose. As Diggins put it “Reagan dubbed the Soviet Union ‘the focus of evil’ of the entire world” (2007, pg. 29). Following the footsteps of his predecessor, President Carter, Reagan developed a way to fight the war on communism and make the people happy by preventing our military from suffering anymore casualties. President Carter got the ball rolling when the Soviet Union tried to invade Afghanistan in 1979. That’s when the U.S. supplied secret military aid to mujahideen fighters to assist in driving out the...
Words: 784 - Pages: 4
...the second term of Ronald Reagan. The involved government officials facilitated the sale of arms to Iran with the hope of releasing the American hostages held in Lebanon by a group of Hezbollah terrorists. Ronal Reagan was in support of the cause though what initially began as a strategic opening to Iran was reduced to a trade of arms for hostages. The hostages was eventually reduced and it was not until 1986 that the word had gotten out about the secret transactions. The foreign policy of the Reagan administration resulted to The Soviet Union being brought down. Reagan depressed the value of Soviet commodities, hence intensifying economic pressure, he decreased soviet access to high technology and also diminished their resources. When Mikhail Gorbechev became leader, he reformed both political and economic factors, therefore easing the tension between the Soviet Union and the US. He agreed to withdraw most of the nuclear arsenals and troops to withdraw from Afghanistan and Reagan abandoned hi Strategic Defense Initiative plans. This reforms led to Soviet Union collapsing and disintegrated into individual states. This effectively ended the world war. Advantages that US draws for Reagan’s policies, is that the Soviet Union went down and the cold war also ended. The US military was also reformed and there was a massive build up. During this time, Americans feared that the Strategic Defense Initiative would only lead to war and hence they rallied against it. Due to the military...
Words: 512 - Pages: 3
...Nevertheless, many dancers lack proper nutritional guidance and thus turn to extreme calorie restriction, purging, laxative abuse or other disordered behavior to maintain their dancing weight. Adding to the weight issue is the start-and-stop nature of a typical ballet day. Major problems that are very common in ballet is the female athlete triad of under-fueling, poor bone mineral density and irregular menses.Ballerinas who experience frequent stress fractures, dizziness and fatigue are likely to have poor nutrition. Dancers typically will not burn as many calories as other high performance athlete simply because the aerobic qualities of their training are not sustained long enough for the fat-burning benefits. A ballet dancer will typically expend about 200 to 250 calories per hour-long class. Compare that with one hour of running or soccer, which burns about 600 calories per hour. This is where nutrition education comes into play and its slowly changing some dancers unhealthy relationship with food. Nutritionists are becoming a normal part of many professional dance companies to provide much needed understanding and guidance to their dancers. Getting enough fuel to perform at their best is a balancing act for dancers. They need to eat enough to have energy, but at the same time avoid feeling bloated and heavy. Some strategies that sports dietitians are recommending to dancers to maintain strong healthful bodies are; maintain energy balance, plan meals strategically, promote...
Words: 819 - Pages: 4
...timely arrival notwithstanding—was a matter in foreign relations. It renewed national confidence and was foretelling of Reagan’s possible competency in foreign policy. As for the Soviet Union, Reagan was initially distant and distrustful in both rhetoric and policy. He spoke of it as an “evil empire.” His foremost policy was that of containment: preventing countries vulnerable to communism from becoming communist. Parting with the policy of his predecessors, Reagan harbored no illusions about the efficacy of detente, a cornerstone policy under Nixon and Ford. After growing anxious of Soviet nuclear capability, Reagan upped defense spending, It was then that he begun the SDI program (Strategic Defense Initiative), or Star Wars program, its affectionate name. It was designed to be a broad network of defense missiles that could locate and intercept any incoming missiles before they reached the U.S. Under Reagan, START, or Strategic Arms Reduction Talks, were begun. They were talks between Russia and the USSR whose goal was a reduction in the countries’ nuclear arsenal. They were unsuccessful because the agreement stipulated that the U.S. could keep building its own. The situation improved when Gorbachev took office. President Reagan met Gorbachev for the first time on Nov. 19, 1985, the first day of their anticipated summit in Geneva. This was the first time since the onset of the Cold War that a Soviet leader came forward to discuss a possible peace. Many other summits were convened...
Words: 719 - Pages: 3
...Rhetorical Analysis: “The Challenger Address” The rhetorical situation refers to “a situation in which people’s understanding can be changed through messages.” (Zarefsky, 12). The rhetorical situation analysis consists of four elements: audience, occasion, speaker and speech, each assessing the quality of speech. In this essay, I will analyze the rhetorical situation of the historical speech “The Challenger Address” delivered by the 40th president of the United States, Ronald Reagan. Americans had high expectations of the space programs which intended to provide the United States a great sense of achievement. The significance of the space program lies in essence in which symbolized American glory in science and technology. (Lambright) Therefore, the audience of Reagan’s speech was American public; those who had experienced the tragic national loss of seven American astronauts resulted from the failure of space regime. Evidence of Reagan constantly involving American citizens prevail throughout the speech. He specifically engaged the audience by employing words such as “we,” “us,” “schoolchildren of America,” giving the audience a sense of involvement in the national matter. Reagan also acknowledged pain of the families of the seven astronauts. He showed his understanding of pain of families by saying “we feel the loss, and we are thinking about you so very much,” “your loved ones,” which was an attempt to console them by implicitly suggesting that the families are the primary...
Words: 710 - Pages: 3
...Ronald Reagan: America's Savior In a time when America was at an all time low, a retired actor from a small town in Illinois would rally Americans to stand together and overcome a crumbling economy, communism, growing foreign tensions with the middle east, and to wage war on the home front against the use and spread of drugs. To many all around the world , this man would become the savior of America. Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 to Jack and Nelle Reagan in Tampico, Illinois. The Reagan family moved to Dixon in 1920, where Ronald excelled in high school, earning an athletic scholarship to Eureka College. Ronald majored in economics and sociology without knowing how useful this decision would be in 1981. After graduating from Eureka in 1932 he got a job commentating football games and later became a Chicago Cubs play by play announcer. In 1937, on a trip with the Cubs to California he took a shot at acting and was hired by Warner Brothers. He was cast in a string of "B" rated movies. In fact by the end of his career Ronald had starred in over 70 films. During one of these films, Brother Rat, Ronald met actress Jane Wyman and on January 6, 1940 the two were married. They had a wonderful Hollywood marriage and had two biological children, Maureen in 1941 and Christine in 1947, they also adopted a son, Michael shortly after his birth in 1945. Sadly Christine only lived one day. In 1942, during WWII Ronald was ordered to active duty with the United...
Words: 1674 - Pages: 7
...At a Communist Party Congress it is announced that Communism has triumphed all over the world. Even the United States has elected a Communist as President. The delegates dance in the aisles, cheering like mad, except for an old man, who sits in the corner with a glum expression on his face. “Comrade,” asks a delegate. “Why are you not happy?” “Because,” " says the old man, “I wonder where we are going to buy our wheat next year.” This joke deals with the reality behind the five-year plans and glorious statistics always announced by the East European governments. Without America, and other Capitalist nations, the joke tells us, Eastern European Communists countries would starve. Earl Butz's Ethnic Joke In 1974, Earl Butz, who was the Secretary of Agriculture, told a joke that almost led to him being removed from office. When politicians tell ethnic jokes, they court disaster and often end up being destroyed, politically. Butz told a joke "off the record" to a number of reporters at a private breakfast in New York. The joke involves a response to a statement by the Pope Paul VI about world hunger. After the Pope's statement, the joke, which is not very funny at all, goes as follows: After the Pope's remarks, an Italian woman is overheard saying "He no play-a the game, he no make-a the rules." This "joke" caused a furor. Catholics and Italian-Americans were outraged. Butz was called to the White House where he got a severe reprimand and was forced to...
Words: 703 - Pages: 3
...Assignment 1 - The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy SHAMIKA WARD EMMANUEL OBUAH POL 300: Contemp Intl Problems May 31, 2013 The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy The Reagan Doctrine was the foreign policy in the United States, enacted by President Ronald Reagan. The doctrine was design to eradicate the communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were authorized and corroborated by the Soviet Union. This assignment will review by what method the United States delivered open and private backing to guerrilla and resistance movements during the Regan years. Additionally, explain the political doctrine detailed events that occurred in Afghanistan when the Soviet Union invaded. As a final point, this assignment will define the benefits and drawbacks established on the Regan Doctrine. Summarize the Situation of U.S. Diplomatic of the Regan Doctrine During the course of the initial years of the Cold War, Presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Jimmy Carter all endorsed dogmas against communism in order to enclose it. Ronald Regan prohibited their détente policy in 1979, when the Soviet Union attacked Afghanistan. This alone demonstrated that policies that only contain communism were unproductive. Regan criticized in the compromise policy when it emanated to any communist government. As an alternative, Reagan proposed the Rollback policy. The creation of the Reagan Doctrine moved from containment and dispersal to eradicating all current communist governments. Likewise...
Words: 1299 - Pages: 6
...Final Paper Notes. 04.15.14 What significance, if any, did the Tiananmen Massacre of 1989 have on China’s foreign relations? Overall: * Focus on the 80’s period * L/t relationship stayed the same * Short-term relationship changed dramatically – attacked to previous perceptions and relations * Still huge attack on psyche Essay should focus on 3 parts: 1. Western bloc (US representing the greater part of the Western Bloc and their relations with China) a. US-China relations: i. Most dynamic – affect Japanese and China relations ii. Not a two way street iii. Defined by the actions of the present and past presidents iv. Pro-China: Mao and Kissinger v. Carter – Human Relations focused Foreign Policies 1. Didn’t apply to China to monitor reliability vi. Nixon – Carter b. Japan: vii. Nixon and Reagan found linking with Japan c. Nixon and Ford took advantage of the China-Soviet Split viii. Got out of Vietnam ix. Played the meditator d. Nixon (1968-1972) + Ford (couldn’t afford due to publicity of post-watergate) + Carter (1966-1980) + Reagan (1980 – 1988) 2. Japan e. Asian State x. L/t cultural difference xi. State in similar territory f. If Nixon assists China – peace through the US (Trade b/w Japan and the US) g. Nervous of China and US relationship ...
Words: 275 - Pages: 2
...HIS 145 Entire Course (UOP) For more course tutorials visit www.his145.com HIS 145 Week 1 Anti-communism and McCarthyism Paper HIS 145 Week 2 Civil Rights in the Sixties Paper HIS 145 Week 3 The Counterculture and Sixties Movements Paper HIS 145 Week 4 The Trends of the Eighties Paper HIS 145 Week 5 The Internet Paper HIS 145 Week 5 Presidential Speech Presentation ----------------------------------------------------------- HIS 145 Week 1 Anti-communism and McCarthyism Paper (UOP) For more course tutorials visit www.his145.com Themes of anti-Communism preoccupied the American media from 1947 to 1954. Major topics included the coup in Czechoslovakia, the Korean War, the House Un-American Activities Committee, Alger Hiss, the Rosenbergs, and Joseph McCarthy. Identify at least three different articles from the ProQuest Historical Newspapers (New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, and Christian Science Monitor) written between 1947 and 1954 to see how these events were covered by the media. -Communism and McCarthyism during this period, including examples or quotes from each of the three articles you located. Prepare a 700 to 1,050 word paper in which you address the following: o The differences between anti-Communism and McCarthyism o The perspective from which the media covered anti-Communism and McCarthyism o American foreign policy decisions impacted by anti-Communism o How Americans’ lives changed...
Words: 598 - Pages: 3
...Why factor that cause the collapse of the USSR? On Christmas Day on 1991,Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as the president of USSR and announced that USSR from then on was not going to existed anymore. Except the US president Reagan, very few people predict the collapse would happened. Evidences prove that the break-up of the USSR was intended and also out of Gorbachev’s expectations. After Brezhnev died. There were lots of problems left to Gorbachev. There were mainly two problems: Economy crippling and severe relationship with the US and eastern European countries.Gorbachev actually had a specific goal to improve USSR’s development by using Perestroika and Glasnost.However, those two police actually accelerated the coming of the fall. with an unintended consequences.However,there are also historian argues conversely that actually it is an intended result that the long-term economics crippling and stagnation caused the financial sustainability of USSR which directly influence people’s life situation and the USSR development. One of the Gorbachev’s policy Perestroika which was reconstruction on economy was one of the factor leads to fall of USSR which wasn't seen as a stimulant of the collapse by Gorbachev. By that time USSR saw its economic crippling. Gorbachev set up goals for ending the economic stagnation and improving the economy in USSR.Perestroika allowed more independent actions from various ministries and introduced market autonomy reforms.The goal of the...
Words: 1039 - Pages: 5
...One of President Reagan's purposes of his speech given at Moscow State University in 1988, was to lecture the Soviet people about freedom and its relationship to economic progress. He also said "It is a message of peace and good will and hope for a growing friendship and closeness between our two peoples." I believe he used techniques such as logic; pathos, appeals based on emotions; and ethos, appeals based on the speaker's credibility. "Pathos is an effective way of arousing passions is in appeal to values. Ethos uses trust, and focuses first on the speaker, showing the speaker as a person of integrity and good character" (changingminds.org, n.d.). President Reagan's reputation is quite known across the world. He has a lot of creditability being President of the United States, he witnessed first hand of these new technologies as well as the different countries coming together. I do believe that President Reagan was connected to his audience. At the beginning of his speech he had said "zhelayu vam uspekha" which means "I wish you success" in Russian. For me, it feels like he said that in their native language, because it was his way of showing respect for them and their country. He also included his wife's regards to the people of Moscow State University and also a message from our country stating "It is a message of peace and good will and hope for a growing friendship and closeness between our two peoples." This speech took place in May of 1988 and then the technology they...
Words: 823 - Pages: 4
