...VALUES AND ETHICS INTRODUCTION Values and ethics are central to any organization; those operating in the national security arena are no exception. What exactly do we mean by values and ethics? Both are extremely broad terms, and we need to focus in on the aspects most relevant for strategic leaders and decision makers. What we will first discuss is the distinctive nature of ethics for public officials; second, the forces which influence the ethical behavior of individuals in organizations; and third, explore the actions strategic leaders can take to build ethical climates in their organizations. THE CHARACTER OF VALUES AND ETHICS Values can be defined as those things that are important to or valued by someone. That someone can be an individual or, collectively, an organization. One place where values are important is in relation to vision. One of the imperatives for organizational vision is that it must be based on and consistent with the organization's core values. In one example of a vision statement we'll look at later, the organization's core values - in this case, integrity, professionalism, caring, teamwork, and stewardship- were deemed important enough to be included with the statement of the organization's vision. Dr. John Johns, in an article entitled "The Ethical Dimensions of National Security," mentions honesty and loyalty as values that are the ingredients of integrity. When values are shared by all members of an organization, they are extraordinarily...
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...Values can be defined as those things that are important to or valued by someone. That someone can be an individual or, collectively, an organization. One place where values are important is in relation to vision. One of the imperatives for organizational vision is that it must be based on and consistent with the organization's core values. In one example of a vision statement we'll look at later, the organization's core values - in this case, integrity, professionalism, caring, teamwork, and stewardship- were deemed important enough to be included with the statement of the organization's vision. Dr. John Johns, in an article entitled "The Ethical Dimensions of National Security," mentions honesty and loyalty as values that are the ingredients of integrity. When values are shared by all members of an organization, they are extraordinarily important tools for making judgments, assessing probable outcomes of contemplated actions, and choosing among alternatives. Perhaps more important, they put all members "on the same sheet of music" with regard to what all members as a body consider important. The Army, in 1986, had as the theme for the year "values," and listed four organizational values-loyalty, duty, selfless service, and integrity-and four individual values- commitment, competence, candor, and courage. A Department of the Army pamphlet entitled Values: The Bedrock of Our Profession spent some time talking about the importance of values, and included this definition: ...
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...Ethics and Islamic values in business Instructor: Mrs. Rabia Assignment 1 5 Unethical behaviors Prepared by : Ahmed Shahil Id: u00040247 The assignment is about unethical behavior which is is any action that is aimed at taking advantage of another without their knowledge or consent.i have 5 examples of uethical behavior to present to you that I know from my experience or I have heard from a friend and more Lying on your resume in order to get a job This is one of an unethical behavior that is very common nowadays and a lot of people use this for their financial gain and some do this as getting the job is that necessary to them that they have to do this type of cheating so that their job can be done easily without encountering any problems. Most people do this because they are ignorant and their lack of knowledge. As we have studied in our class that ignorant people do such things because of their lack of knowledge and they don’t know what the consequences Can be of such unethical behavior , once they know the problems and consequence of such act or behavior , forget doing it, they wouldn’t even think of doing such things . I have a story to share which is about a friend of mine who came to dubai last week from india. He came to dubai searching for a job so he could help out his famiy financially and coincidentally I came to see his resume and after seeing it I was shocked as it said that he has a bachelor’s degree from a top university in india whereas...
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...to know the tactics which are being used are deceptive, ethical or unethical and then help them examining the ethical tones and aid them in decision making. This also help both parties distinguish among different criteria, or standards, for judging and evaluating a negotiator’s actions, particularly when questions of ethics might be involved. In my final project, I will choose and react to the other party by keeping in mind the following mix of approaches. • Choose a course of action on the basis of results I expect to achieve (e.g., greatest return on investment). • Choose a course of action on the basis of my personal convictions (e.g., what my conscience tells me to do). 2. What motivates unethical behavior in negotiations? What are the potential consequences? How can negotiators deal with the other party's use of deception? When one party or individual want to secure his own establish outcome ignoring other party interest motivates unethical behavior. The unethical behavior outcome also depends on how high are the party stakes, competitiveness, culture orientation etc. What are the potential consequences? The potential consequences depends on many factors like if somebody use the unethical tactics in a way that the other party do not realize its effects then this is called a successful tactic although it is unethical. But if the other party able to justify that the tactic being used is unethical then the outcome will be disastrous...
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...mend close bonds. 19. Power - Does not want to look weak or lacking authority over others. 20. Achievement - Eager to help w/ goals and solving responsibilities/ taking challenges and working hard. Individual, would rather do it alone and in their own way. 21. E 22. B 23. G 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. F Key Terms: Achievement Motive Theory - Attempts to explain and predict behavior and performance based on a person's need for achievement, power, and affiliation. Agreeableness Personality Dimension - Includes traits of sociability and emotional intelligence Adjustment Personality Dimension - Includes traits of emotional stability and self confidence Attitudes - Are positive or negative feelings about people, places, issues Big Five Model of Personality- categorizes traits into the dimensions of surgency, agreeableness, adjustments, conscientiousness, and open to experience. Conscientiousness Personality Dimension - includes traits of dependability and integrity Ethics - are the standards of right and wrong that influence behavior Leader Motive Profile - Attempts to explain and predict leadership success based on a person's need for achievement, power, and affiliation Moral Justification - thinking process of rationalizing why unethical behavior is used Openness to Experience Personality Dimension - includes traits of flexibility, intelligence, and locus of control Personality - is a combination of traits that classifies an individual's behavior...
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...characteristics of poor decision making, how to resist making unethical decision and leading the way ethically are great tools we can use to achieve ethical decision in all aspects of our lives. Common Characteristics of Poor Decision Making “Man’s most enduring stupidity is forgetting what he is trying to do” (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2010 p. 115). Failing to remember goals is the first characteristic that needs to be addressed when discussing poor decision making. In many scenarios the end goal is the driving force to making good decisions. The problem is in most cases the end goal is lost in the journey to the destination. The company I work for recently decided to bring SAP ERP software onboard to all our sectors. The goal was to become more competitive in the aerospace industry and to harmonize the sites to common practices. The problem we encountered was each site was very different with business practices and by trying to harmonize all the business sectors to do the same procedures we wound up spending more money and creating inefficiencies across the sites. Instead of making us more competitive it cost us more to do the same jobs. We lost sight of the end goal of becoming more competitive and focused more on harmonization that cost us more in the long run. Overconfidence is the second pitfall in making poor decisions. In an article written by R. Nauert he states that “power can fuel overconfidence, which negatively impacts decision-making”...
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...much scrutiny over the last few years due to the financial crisis and misuse of organizational funds. The unethical behavior has come into the light due to the demand for government bailout and the outcry of the public for more oversight of funds. Uproar has ensued due to huge bonuses for corporate big shots running floundering companies while their employees are getting laid off and their benefits cut. All of it being plastered across the news making business and ethics anonyms. The following will discuss how personal differences and preferences impact ethics, how organizational policies and procedures impact ethics, and will examine a case study on dealing with ethical dilemmas. Discuss how personal differences and preferences can impact organization ethics. Values and principles strongly influence an individual’s decision making and behavior. Ethics are values and principles that help individuals distinguish right from wrong. A difference in an individual’s values and principles can result in a difference in what an individual considers to be ethical or unethical. The same can be said for an organization. For example, a person may value people more than an organization. Therefore, that person may not consider an action that is hurting the organization but benefiting the people within the organization to be unethical. Some may not consider an action to be unethical unless the action breaks the law. Ethics are based on a set of values and beliefs. Values and beliefs vary...
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...Organizational Behavior Taking a Detailed Look Inside Police Settings Organizational Behavior Taking a Detailed Look Inside Police Settings Project Introduction Our group consisted of four members – Danielle Clark, Jessica Grupposo, Davida Muldrow, and Jennifer Zajac. Together we took a detailed look into organizational behaviors as they pertain to a police setting. Using concepts from our course, the movie Training Day, and other resources we analyzed a variety of theories as they apply to police officers and their organizations. Our project was accomplished by dividing the main ideas in our text among our four group members who then used individual judgment to apply the concepts. We remained focused on key organizational behavioral theories such as individual attitudes and behaviors, teamwork, communication, power & politics, and organizational culture. We did learn the principles of organizational behavior overlap a great deal. Although each of us was discussing entirely different theories they all tied into one another in some way. For the purpose of this paper, the movie Training Day is about an LAPD narcotics officer, Detective Alonzo Harris, played by Denzel Washington. Harris is the head of a street unit and is responsible for training an honest and ethical rookie cop named Jake Hoyt, played by Ethan Hawke. The entire film takes place on their first day out together as Detective Harris shows Jake how to run the streets the way he thinks is best. Detective...
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...Unethical Research Research is a powerful tool because what it reveals. The gathering and storing research in most cases may not have dire consequences in our personal lives other than making a bad decision and who among us haven’t made one of those before, but in the business word gathering data or research information may have dire consequences like peoples livelihood. As in the article from Cheryl Lozano-Whitten, regarding Eron and perceptions of personality in a case of unethical decision-making, the article visits the unethical view on business research and decision making. Lozano-Whitten, research question is why some people are more apt to engage in unethical behavior as their power increases (Lozano-Whitten, 2010). The article goes on to reveal how she gathered the research and how she is going to apply it. Lozano-Whitten goes on to say the organizational culture in itself influences unethical behavior because of the definition of authority relationships and responsibility for the consequences of actions (Lozano-Whitten, 2010). Within that statement she states that individuals in lower positions are expected to carry out the orders from those who have legitimate authority even if the orders conflict with that person’s value of ethics. Lazano-Whitten hypotheses of the article is that one’s personality attributes have an effect on the decision making process depending on the event is positive or negative. She goes on the validate this idea by gathering newspaper and magazine...
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...Natasha Murray Professor Romary Intro. To Leadership Chapter 1 Review Questions 1. Why is leadership important? Leadership is important because it can make or break a company. Management and leadership go hand in hand when it comes to individuals and organizations including financial performance. Managerial leadership is crucial to creating effective organizations with employees who push their limits. 2. What are the five key elements in our leadership definition? How do the elements interrelate to form this definition? The five key elements of leadership are influence, leader-followers, organizational objectives, people, and change. When it comes to the leader-follower element, leaders and followers influence each other. This relationship leads to the next element that is influence where the leader uses power, politics, and negotiating to sway followers on their opinions. In order for a manager to be effective, they need to influence their employees by communicating ideas to gain acceptance. Then motivate their employees to support and implement the idea at hand through change. in order for a company to stay relevant in the ever changing economy, they need to continuously change with technology, theories, and such. And in doing so, a company’s organizational objectives are met through the same vision shared by employees. Effective leaders motivate employees to think outside the box and push their limits all while keeping in mind what is best for the company...
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...regardless of our race, color, sex, religion, or national origin. These are rights which attach to us as individuals, not as members of a group. This nation has a passion for fairness. That passion is evidenced in our Constitution, in the Bill of Rights, in executive orders, in court decisions. But most of all, it courses through our culture. At one time, practicing law was considered a worthy, honorable career. In an overstuffed legal system, where details count more than justice, and where wealth and fame can buy freedom. To be sure, there are some who still enter the profession with the best of motives, but they are in the minority. Law is not about idealism; it's about money and back-room deals. This movie definitely had a lot of unethical actions in it, not only from the lawyers but from the judge too. I was very shocked to see how all the characters acted in the presence of the court of law. Although, parts of this movie were funny, I was still appalled about their actions. This film is neither a parody nor a black comedy, but there are heavy shadings of each...
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...Ethics and Values in Organizations: In the face of Indian Reality - VATSAL DUSAD 2010TT10971 ”Integrity has no need of rules.” --Albert Camus Ethics and Values in the context of organizational culture have been a topic of intense research and arguments over a long period of time, and it has also been recognized as a very important aspect of organizational behavior. In this paper, I would be discussing the deteriorating ethics and values in organizations. I would begin with elaborating what ethical culture means, then taking it over to highlighting its need, pondering over the reasons -‐ so as to why unethical culture prevails and then study about ethical leadership. I would like to conclude by, bringing it to Indian context and laying down a discussion -‐ on how prominent and prevalent is this issue in our own land. There has been a sudden rash of corporate scandals and the focus turned on...
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...laws on the less fortunate class of society. Tribal leaders and kings that were capable of forming armies to their benefit developed this system years ago. They formed this cartel and enforced their rules upon a society who lacked the power to contest the laws imposed on them. This system has evolved in our society in the form of a government who utilize the police and military to dictate the lives of the public. They inform the public that these laws exist to protect the interests of the people within the society. If these laws were actually created for the overall good of humanity then indeed they would be ethical but in reality people in power abuse these laws for their benefit. The laws within our legal system do consist of some ethical components and are considered either valid or invalid. Since our legal system was created by the wealthy they essentially do have opposing ethical views. The conflicting viewpoints exist in the legal system because the laws strip freedom and justice from one person in order to provide it to another. This implies that unethical laws are present giving power to more and limiting it to some. The legal system consists of laws that prohibit ethical actions but promotes unethical actions. For example an unethical law many states utilize is capital punishment. While they object to murder they punish those who commit such a crime with lethal injection performing the same action they object to. There are also laws that impose taxes to be taken from...
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...How Personal Can Ethics Get? BUS 520 January 25, 2010 An employee’s individual differences and preferences can be of significant impact to the entire organization. People come from different places, backgrounds, cultures and religions. Each person’s knowledge and ability to understand principles and distinguish right from wrong are different. Therefore, it can create serious ethical issues in organizations because those personal characteristics influence people in their making of daily life decisions. However, the organization must abide by the law and order rules that are the standards of determining ethical behavior in the organization around the globe. People develop stages of moral behavior throughout their lives, and most are aware of their degree of Ethical Intensity. These people know how harm or benefits will be influenced by their decisions or behavior. Some of the unethical behaviors are legal. Many people are capable of manipulating things in the organization to suit their preferences. They do not always have a feeling of integrity, responsibilities, or compassion to others. Some of them, in positions of power, use their power without respect to others, and do not follow the professional standards principles; for example, giving a favor to a client in exchange for a bribe. If everyone in a company, including those in high level positions, behave according to their personal preferences and concern themselves only with their own self, then the organization...
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...Organizational Ethics Check Your Understanding 1. Consider the functional departments reviewed in chapter 3. Which department do you think faces the greatest number of ethical challenges? Why? It would seem that the finance or bookkeeping department of any company faces the greatest number of ethical challenges because the opportunity to manipulate the accounting and misrepresent or otherwise take money from the company is ‘ever-present.’ However, there are opportunities for unethical behavior in all areas of a business – and in all businesses in the economy. 2. Provide three examples of unethical behavior that you have observed at the company you work or (or worked for in the past). What were the outcomes of this behavior? While small businesses may be the backbone of the American economy – they can also be places where unethical behavior occurs without oversight or consequence. Limited resources sometimes make it appear to be standard or unavoidable to engage in unethical practices. The following unethical behaviors in small businesses are cancerous and they encourage ethical breaches in various (perhaps unintended) areas of any business. The first week I was employed for a small business that was a contractor for a project with another company, my fellow workers encouraged me to ‘fudge’ my timesheet – indicating that it was a common practice among employees. It was indicated to me that the boss was a tightwad with money and underpaid employees so the timesheet fudges were standard...
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