...5) How can Pepsi and Coke confront the issues of water use in the manufacture of their products? How can they defuse further boycotts or demonstrations against their products? How effective are activist groups like the one that launched the campaign in California? Should Coke address the group directly or just let the furor subside? Pepsi and Coke should have responded faster to the concerns of the general public. The companies formed committees within India and the United States to work on legal and public relations issues. They commissioned their own laboratories to conduct tests and waited until the results came through before commenting in detail. Their approaches backfired. Their reluctance to give details fanned consumer suspicion. If the companies acted faster to the situation when it first came to light, the could have spared a lot of grief. Pepsi and Coke can defuse further boycotts by speaking directly to the cause of the boycott/demonstration or by allowing demonstrators to investigate their product themselves. The activists groups have proven to be very effective in their efforts. Fear campaigns (like the ones assembled in California) can do a great deal of damage to the brand. They are even more effective when the people targeted are not in the country being referred to as in this case (America/India). They are unable to use their own judgement to dismiss the campaign. Moreover, Coke should address the group directly in order to sort out any misunderstandings as...
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...Managerial Economics Coke vs. Pepsi: An Economic Analysis Rebecca Simmons Managerial Economics Dr Sol Drescher December 4, 2012 Executive Summary In this case study we will do an economic analysis of two major competitors; Coke® and Pepsi®. We will look at the history of these to competitive giants and discuss how they have evolved over the years to become rivals in the 21st Century. In this case study we will also look at the supply and demand of each company’s products. Coke and Pepsi are not only in the beverage business they have branched out into other arenas to continue being the leaders in their market. Both companies do business all over the world; we will also look at how they size up internationally as well as nationally. We will look at production and cost in the short run and long run by analyzing each company economically. Each company has foreta where they will be financially in the 21st Century and in this analysis we will calculate if they have forecasted close to where they are today. Management is a big part of the success of large firms such as Coke and Pepsi so we will look at the management styles of each one. By looking at management will analyze the strategic decision making of each firm and note any issues they have had in the past or present with upper management. Finally strategic decisions in oligopoly markets with regards to profit maximization is vital to the...
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...successful, especially Coke and Pepsi. Coke started as a “potion for mental and physical disorders,” sold by a pharmacist named John Pemberton. The Coke business evolved quickly and reached franchises by 1910. The concentrate business and the bottling business, though closely related have very different economic dynamics. The profitability of concentrate producers was much more successful than bottler’s. Even though the profitability of concentrate producers is higher than bottler’s they are still inter-reliant; they share cost in things such as marketing and production. There are many reasons why concentrate was financially successful; using Porter’s five forces we can noticeably see how each force plays an intrical role in profitability. Bottlers and concentrate businesses deal with the same buyers and suppliers. There were many suppliers that could provide raw material to concentrate business owners; therefore suppliers could not ask a premium and their power was low. Bottling businesses, much like suppliers were dependent on concentrate businesses. In reference to the five forces model, concentrate producers supplied bottlers with raw material necessary to make soft drinks. Concentrate businesses took management roles in product development and even negotiated with bottlers. Therefore, it is evident that concentrate business had control in the industry. In addition, there was a high volume of suppliers so that made negotiations impossible. Both Coke and Pepsi made strategic decisions...
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...“Coke and Pepsi learn to compete in India” case 1. The political environment in India has proven to be critical to company performance for both PepsiCo and Coca- Cola India. What specific aspects of the political environment have played key roles? Could these effects have been anticipated prior to market entry? If not, could developments in the political arena have been handled better by each company? A/ The Indian government was unfriendly to foreign investors, because outside investment was only allowed in high-tech sector and the remaining industries were discriminated. In addition, the “Principle of indigenous available” played a major role in the political environment by forbidding imports of items that could be produced within the country. On the other hand, Indian laws required that Pepsi entered the market under “Lehar Pepsi” name and Coca-cola had to join Parle to became into “Coca-cola India” They could foresee the level of corruption that is present in India, and reduce the difficulties that they faced after entering the market. However, the contamination issue couldn’t have been anticipated, but they shouldn’t have stayed quiet during the legal process because it is taken as a sign of guilt, according to Indian culture. 2. Timing of entry into the Indian market brought different results for PepsiCo and Coca- Cola India. What benefits or disadvantages accrued as a result of earlier or later market entry? A/ Pepsi entered a few years before than...
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...Case Analysis – Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010 Coke and Pepsi are two leading companies in the soft drink industry. They contend with each other during decades. The Cola Wars are a campaign of mutually-targeted television advertisements and marketing campaigns since the 1980s between soft drink manufacturers The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo. Historically, the soft drink industry has been so profitable. Porter’s Five- Forces Model of industry competition can define and analyze an industry in terms of five main factors. In this industry, competition is quite cruel between rivalries since Coca-Cola and Pepsi are already powerful leaders in the industry. It is basically a duopoly situation in soft drink field. The two companies share the whole market making them a huge profit even the industry itself is flattening. Due to the situation in the industry, there is not any barrier for entering but new company will be extremely risky to enter the market, since both Coca-Cola and Pepsi are mature companies with high reputation during decades. Unless the new enterprise is highly innovative and surely can do a better job than the two industry leaders. Therefore, threat of new entrants is expected to be very low. The threat of substitute products mainly comes from the promotion of a healthy diet, which makes juice, power drinks and other non-CSDs a better choice other than sodas with lots of sweetener and fat. This threat however, has been overcome by the introduction of...
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...The purpose of this paper, prepared by Jessica Chan under the supervision of Robert F. Bruner is about analyzing the companies Coca Cola and Pepsi after Pepsi has announced a merger with Quaker Oats Company with a deal at around $14 billion. With this deal Pepsi would have access to 83.6% of the sport drink market and around 33% of the U.S. noncarbonated-beverage market, followed by Coke with 21%. The paper wants to answer the questions how the latest announcement of Pepsi has an effect on the two companies´ prospects for value creation by showing the company background of both companies, giving a briefly industry overview of the beverage market and competitive events and establishing a financial comparison, especially with ratio and economic profit analysis. In the world Coca Cola and Pepsi have towered as the two leading brands of beverages. In the year 2000, Coca Cola was the largest manufacturer, distributor, marketer of soft-drink concentrates and syrups in the world and its market value reached $110.01 billion. On the other side Pepsi was a $20 billion worth company in 2000, acting in the snack food, soft drink and noncarbonated beverage market. Both companies have reached worldwide expansion of their markets, which include a large product range of beverages, apparel and paraphernalia with their respective logos. Both have grown into longstanding global and social industry leaders. Coca Cola´s annual sales were $20.5 billion which were earned also through a variety of...
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...9/8/2015 PGDM/MBA Material: Case Study- Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century www.mbapgdmstuff.blogspot.com Home Human Resource Marketing Information system management Images You are visitor # Case Study- Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century 110,588 Search This Blog Translate Select Language ▼ Category Assignment Business Communication Business Environment Business Law Case Study Compensation MAnagement E- Business Summary: "Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the 21st Century” explains the economics of the soft drink industry and its relation with profits, taking into account all stages of the value chain of the soft drink industry. By focusing on the war between Coca‐Cola and PepsiCo as market leaders in this industry – with a 90% market share in carbonated beverages – the study analyses the different stages of the value chain (concentrate producers, bottlers, retail channels, suppliers) and the impact of the modern times and globalization on competition and interaction in the industry. Analysis: It is quite clear that there was a “war" between Coca‐Cola and PepsiCo: not only have they been rivals for entrepreneurship For your Information Formates Human Resource Management Human Resource Mangement Human resource Planning Indian Labour Law Industrial Relation Information system Management International Marketing ...
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...Executive Summary Prior versions of the case have been used to teach various subjects, including industry analysis, competitive dynamics, and vertical integration. While this case tries to incorporate some of the essential elements about the history of competitive dynamics and the historical patterns of vertical integration the primary teaching purpose of this case is to discuss the economics of the U.S. soft drink industry. Concentrate producers (CPs) sold syrup and concentrate to franchised of company owned bottlers, and made gross margins of 83% and a pretax profit margin of 30%. The best-know CPs were Coke and Pepsi. Historically, Coke and Pepsi were also major bottlers, but in the mid-to late 1990s, both had divested their bottling operations while maintaining significant equity ownership and indirect control of bottling networks. CPs invested heavily in advertising and marketing. One of the key issues for students to understand is why most of the profits in this industry are earned upstream in the concentrate business. The bottling business was much less profitable than concentrate, particularly in the mid- 1990s. Bottling profits improved somewhat in recent years, in part because the concentrate manufacturers could no longer squeeze the bottlers without disrupting their own distribution. Bottlers invested in bottling and caning lines, trucks, and warehouses and earned gross margins 40% and pretax profit of 9%. Coke and Pepsi bottlers delivered their products directly...
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...Group 8 - Core B Session 4 - Case Notes 08/24/2006 Professor: Arvind Bhambri Case: Cola Wars Continued: Coke versus Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century Intro: Syllabus Page 16 The Soft Drink industry has been assigned as the vehicle for tackling the topic of industry analysis and competitive dynamics. The case covers developments in the soft drink industry through 1993. It describes how the industry evolved into its current structure largely following Coca-Cola’s leadership. What is particularly interesting is determining why the major competitors in the industry have been able to earn above normal returns for close to 100 years, and why the industry is organized the way it is. The case allows us to analyze how the actions and reactions of competitors over time work to create their own industry structure. The case also allows us to examine how prior strategic commitments to particular strategies create competitive positions, which in turn constrain the future competitive moves of firms. Since competitive positioning determines a firm’s long-run performance, we need to thoroughly grasp the essentials of what makes some competitive positions and competitive strategies more viable, and others not, and why. Discussion Questions: 1. 2. 3. Why has the soft drink industry been so profitable? a. Since 1970 consumption grew by an average of 3% b. From 1975 to 1995 both Coke and Pepsi achieve average annual growth of around 10% c. American’s drank more...
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...The Cola Wars Competitive Strategy Introduction Coke and Pepsi have been going to war for over a century. This war has been fought with prices, with taste challenges, and with advertising. Throughout this bottle battle both companies have remained dominant players in the carbonated soft drink industry and have moved beyond their original products into many new areas. Resources The core resources that have allowed Coke and Pepsi to maintain dominance are their brand image and their marketing strategies. Coke has focused on a brand image that relates more to a way of life then to a soft drink. With “Buy the world a Coke” and other such campaigns Coke has strived to position itself in the minds of consumers as a lifestyle choice to choose Coke instead of just a purchase decision. Pepsi has pursued a similar yet differentiated version of Coke’s strategy. “The Pepsi Generation” was an ad campaign aimed at making Pepsi the drink of the next generation. Advertising was trying to position Pepsi as the preferred drink of the youth of America. Pepsi furthered this image as the preferred drink through the Pepsi challenge, a campaign aimed at boosting total soft drink sales as well as allowing the two soda giants to be directly compared. What makes these resources valuable? The large anchor-bottling corporations and the contracts that bind them to Coke and Pepsi are also huge resources. Both companies own large equity stakes in these major bottlers and are able to use this to...
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...Case Summary of Cola Wars Continue: Coke vs. Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century The Soft Drink industry has been assigned as the vehicle for tackling the topic of industry analysis and competitive dynamics. The case covers developments in the soft drink industry through 1993. It describes how the industry evolved into its current structure largely following Coca-Cola’s leadership. What is particularly interesting is determining why the major competitors in the industry have been able to earn above normal returns for close to 100 years, and why the industry is organized the way it is. The case allows us to analyze how the actions and reactions of competitors over time work to create their own industry structure. The case also allows us to examine how prior strategic commitments to particular strategies create competitive positions, which in turn constrain the future competitive moves of firms. Since competitive positioning determines a firm’s long-run performance, we need to thoroughly grasp the essentials of what makes some competitive positions and competitive strategies more viable, and others not, and why. Case Analysis of Cola Wars Continue: Coke vs. Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century 1. Why has the soft drink industry been so profitable? a. Since 1970 consumption grew by an average of 3% b. From 1975 to 1995 both Coke and Pepsi achieve average annual growth of around 10% c. American’s drank more soda than any other beverage d. Head-to-Head Competition between...
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...2007 Posted by goutham in case studies. trackback 1. Soft Drink Industry Five Forces Analysis: Soft drink industry is very profitable, more so for the concentrate producers than the bottler’s. This is surprising considering the fact that product sold is a commodity which can even be produced easily. There are several reasons for this, using the five forces analysis we can clearly demonstrate how each force contributes the profitability of the industry. Barriers to Entry: The several factors that make it very difficult for the competition to enter the soft drink market include: * Bottling Network: Both Coke and PepsiCo have franchisee agreements with their existing bottler’s who have rights in a certain geographic area in perpetuity. These agreements prohibit bottler’s from taking on new competing brands for similar products. Also with the recent consolidation among the bottler’s and the backward integration with both Coke and Pepsi buying significant percent of bottling companies, it is very difficult for a firm entering to find bottler’s willing to distribute their product. The other approach to try and build their bottling plants would be very capital-intensive effort with new efficient plant capital requirements in 1998 being $75 million. * Advertising Spend: The advertising and marketing spend (Case Exhibit 5 & 6) in the industry is in 2000 was around $ 2.6 billion (0.40 per case * 6.6 billion cases) mainly by Coke, Pepsi and their bottler’s. The...
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...strategy of Coca-cola and Pepsi over 100 years of rivalry. New challenges of the 21st century included boosting flagging domestic cola sales and finding new revenue streams. Both firms also began to modify their bottling, pricing, and brand strategies. They looked to emerging international markets to fuel growth and broaden their brand portfolios to include noncarbonated beverages like tea, juice, sports drinks, and bottled water. For over a century, Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola had vied for the "throat share" of the world's beverage market. The most intense battles of the cola wars were fought over the $60 billion industry in the United States, where the average American consumes 53 gallons of carbonated soft drinks (CSD) per year. In a "carefully waged competitive struggle," from 1975 to 1995 both Coke and Pepsi had achieved average annual growth of around 10% as both U.S. and worldwide CSD consumption consistently rose. This cozy situation was threatened in the late 1990s, however, when U.S. CSD consumption dropped for two consecutive years and worldwide shipments slowed for both Coke and Pepsi. The case considers whether Coke's and Pepsi's era of sustained growth and profitability was coming to a close or whether this apparent slowdown was just another blip in the course of a century of enviable performance. A rewritten version of an earlier case by Michael E. Porter and David B. Yoffie. Essay: The case study “Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century”...
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...CASE STUDY : COLA WARS CONTINUE : COKE AND PEPSI IN 2006 The case study “Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2006” focuses on describing Coke and Pepsi within the CSD industry by providing detailed statements about the companies’ accounts and strategies to increase their market share. ‘ Cola war’ is the term used to describe the campaign of mutually targeted television advertisement & marketing campaigns between Coke & Pepsi. Furthermore, the case also focuses on the Coke vs. Pepsi goods which target similar groups of costumers, and how these companies have had and still have great reputation and continue to take risks due to their high capital. Both Coke & Pepsi have segmented the soft drink industry into two divisions, via – 1.Production of soft drink syrup. 2.Manufacturing & distribution of soft drinks at retail level. Coke & Pepsi have chosen to operate primarily on the production of soft drinks syrup,while leaving independent bottlers with more competitive segment of the industry.The purpose of this report is to gain insight into the possible strategies that can be applied, in order to expand the overall throat share in the future. History revealed that a highly competitive strategy that was utilized in the past by both companies resulted in cannibalization. Because of this, the report is described from the perspective of both Coca-Cola and Pepsi. This report focuses on increasing the overall share and finding new opportunities in the unrevealed...
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...Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010 I. Key Problem For many years, Coke and Pepsi have been the two largest soft drink companies competing for the highest market share in the nation and the world. The Coke formula was created in 1886 by John Pemberton, and later acquired by Asa Candler, who expanded the coke formula and converted it into syrup, which was then sold to bottlers to produce carbonated drinks. Coca-Cola had great success during World War II; the brand expanded internationally with the help of the U.S Government. The company promised Coca-Cola to U.S soldiers for five cents, regardless of its production cost. An estimated 64 Coca-Cola bottling companies were opened overseas resulting in a positive overall company market share in Europe and Asia. Since 1950, Coke’s marketing strategy has always been targeting family consumption, especially in supermarkets. In addition, Coke has mainly focused on fountain sales at major restaurant franchises, like McDonalds and Burger King. They are considered Coke’s main source of revenue. Throughout the years and due to demand, Coke has created non-cola flavored carbonated drinks such as Fanta, Sprite, etc., to broaden their carbonated drink consumption. Later on, the company purchased Minute Maid, Duncan Foods, and Belmont Springs Water. Coke also expanded its brand with the creation of Diet Coke. Diet Coke was a huge success for the company, making it the nation’s third-largest-selling carbonated soft drink...
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